Mid Terms Flashcards
He is the most incomprehensible German Philosopher that ever lived
Martin Heidegger
- Author of “Being and Time”
- diagnosed modern humanity as suffering from a number of diseases of the soul
Martin Heidegger
What is the First disease by Martin Heidegger?
We have forgotten to notice we’re alive
- we aren’t day-to-day properly in touch with the sheer mystery of existence, the mystery of what Heidegger called “das Sein” or in English, Being
What is the Second disease by Martin Heidegger?
We have forgotten that all Being is connected
- jobs and daily routines make us egoistic and focused, we treat others and nature as means and not as ends
- sometimes we may step outside our narrow orbit - and take a more expansive view
Third disease by Martin
We forget to be free and to live for ourselves
- we are thrown into the world at the start of our lives (thrown into a narrow social milieu, surrounded by rigid attitudes, archaic prejudices and practical necessities not of our own making)
The uncanny strangeness of everything
Being
States that everything being in existence right now and are fundamentally united by the basic fact of our common Being
Unity in being
finding meaning in life and the world
Human Flourishing
Pursuit of the good life
- Eudaimonia
technology will be judged as either good or bad based on the value given to the product based on its use and effect on society (who viewed it this way?)
ARISTOTELIANIS
Aristotle
Although technology is progressive and beneficial in many ways, it is also doubtful in many ways. (Jacques Ellul)
Technological Progress has a price
Technological Progress creates more problems
Technological Progress creates damaging effects
Technological Progress creates unpredictable devastating effects
TECHNOLOGICAL PESSIMISM
Technology can alleviate all difficulties and provide solutions for problems that may come.
TECHNOLOGICAL OPTIMISM
Technology as the supreme authority on everything
TECHNOCRATISM
It could either be an instrument(means to an end) or a process (humana activity)
Serves as a means to an end
Provides convenience, knowledge and ensure good quality of life
(Who viewed it this way?)
TECHNOLOGY (for Heidegger)
Aristotle’s Causes of Being (4)
What do they mean?
Causa Materialis or the Material Cause
Causa Formalis or the Formal Cause
Causa Finalis or the Final Cause
Causa Efficiens or the Efficient Cause
T or F
Martin Heidegger stated technology is a way of revealing
True
- “Technology is a way of bringing forth.”
- It shows so much more about the human person and the world.
TECHNOLOGY AS A WAY OF REVEALING
To bringing forth of something that discloses;
ALETHEIA
POIESIS
reveals the truth through techne (art)
ALETHEIA
- It is characterized as challenging forth
- It challenges nature and demands its resources. (forcibly extracted for human consumption and storage.)
Modern Technology
T or F
“We need to work with the rhythms of nature because we have not learned to control it”
“We no longer need to work with the rhythms of nature because we have learned to control it”
What did Martin Heidegger established about “Being” or “Dasein”? (2)
Dasein exists in this world.
Dasein has a self that defines it as it exists in such a world. (purpose)
The highest goal of humanity is the good life or “human flourishing” (eudaimonia, happiness)
Developing virtues is the way to achieve a rich and satisfying life.
Virtues make us good persons—and help us live a good life.
These are all said by whom?
Aristotle: father of Virtue Ethics
A term that combines the Greek word “good” and “spirit” to describe the ideology.
It defines happiness as the pursuit of becoming a better person.
They do this by challenging themselves intellectually or by engaging in activities that make them spiritually richer people. (Who are ‘they’?)
Eudaimonia
Eudaimonists
Whare that it states that
happiness is the polar opposite of suffering; the presence of happiness indicates the absence of pain. Because of this, hedonists believe that the purpose of life is to maximize happiness, which minimizes misery.
The hedonistic view of well-being
Where does it state that
happiness is the experience of a flood of hormones released in the brain as a reward for behavior that prolongs survival.
To neurologists
Where does it states that
happiness is a cocktail of emotions we experience when we do something good or positive.
To behaviorist
Where does it state that
happiness is a mental or emotional state of well-being which can be defined by, among others, positive or pleasant emotions ranging from contentment to intense joy.
In psychology
It is released after pleasurable situations
Completing a task
Doing self-care activities
Eating food
Celebrating little wins
Dopamine (the reward chemical)
It is released during sex, childbirth and sometimes lactations or other situations seen below:
Playing with a dog
Playing with a baby
Holding a hand
Hugging your family
Give compliment
Oxytocin (the love hormone)
It is released when meditating or exercising
Meditating
Running
Sun exposure
Walk in nature
Swimming
Cycling
Serotonin (the mood stabilizers)
Laughter exercise
Essential oils
Watch a comedy
Dark chocolate
Exercising
Endorphin (the painkiller)
Is happiness a destination or journey?
It can be both
everything being in existence right now and are fundamentally united by the basic fact of our common Being
Unity in Being
philosophical inquiry into the nature of the good life for a human being
Nicomachean ethics
The habit of making the right decisions and taking the right actions in context, and relentless pursuit of excellence for the common good.
Nicomachean ethics
Human flourishing arises as a result of different components such as:
Phronesis
Friendship
Wealth
Power
His theory about the real source of happiness is to experience it.
Epicureans view on happiness
He agrees with the ethical doctrine which claims pleasure is the norm of morality – Hedonism.
Epicureans view on happiness
he suggested we largely accept and believe what is valuable to us, our society, our species
Nietzsche
Value comes before truth, or rather ‘truth’ is only valued if it is useful, and what is useful will be taken as “truth”
Nietzsche’s view
The pursuit of truth for truth’s sake may lead us into nihilism–since the ultimate nature of reality is irrational, unknowable and meaningless
Nietzsche’s view
Life is about flourishing and transforming your environment into a place where you and your kind can flourish
note
Eastern conception
Focus is the community-centric
Individual should sacrifice himself for the sake of society
Chinese confucian system
Japanese Bushido
Encourage studies of literature, science, and art for a greater cause
Western conception
More focused on the individual
Human flourishing as an end
Aristotelian view
Aims for eudaimonia as the ultimate good
Who believed that
Technology is a human activity we excel in as a result of achieving science.
Heidegger
T or F
Good is inherently related to the lies
False
Good is inherently related to the truth
T or F
Not every discovery, innovation, and success contributes to our pool of human knowledge.
False
Every discovery, innovation, and success contributes to our pool of human knowledge.
T or F
Human’s perpetual need to locate himself in the world by finding proofs to trace evolution.
True
Science stems from objectivity brought upon by a rigid method
Claim to reason and empiricism
o\note
Steps in scientific method
Observe
Determine the problem
Formulate hypothesis
Conduct experiment
Gather and analyze
Formulate conclusion and provide recommendation
A discipline is a science if it can be confirmed or interpreted in the event of an alternative hypothesis being accepted.
Verification theory
Takes into account those results which are measurable and experiments which are repeatable.
Verification Theory
Group of scholars who believed that: (1) only those which can be observed should be regarded as meaningful, (2) reject those which cannot be directly accessed as meaningless
Vianna circle
As long as an ideology is not proven to be false and can be best explain a phenomenon over alternative, we should accept the said ideology
Falsification theory
Allowed emergence of theories otherwise rejected by the verification theory
Encourages research in order to determine which among the theories can stand the test of falsification.
Falsification theory
Who
Aim at the production of new, falsifiable predictions
Scientific practice is characterized by it continual effort to test theories against experience and make revisions based on the outcomes of these test
Karl popper
There is no known rule as to the number of instances that a theory is rejected or falsified in order for it to be set aside.
There is no assurance that observable event or “evidences” are indeed manifestations of a certain concept or “theories”
Falsification Theory
What is meant by a good life?
Living in comfort and luxury with few problems or worries
Characterized by happiness from living and doing well
Content
Refers to the good life marked by happiness and excellence.
eudaimonia
