Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Stormwater > Mid term Test > Flashcards

Mid term Test Flashcards

(47 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What Is the 3 levels of Te Mana O Te Wai Hierarchy?

A
  1. Prioritising health and well being of water
  2. The health needs of the people in and around the water
  3. Social, economic and cultural welling being
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 4 main ecosystem services?

A
  1. Provisioning - food, energy, materials
  2. Supporting - nutrient recycling, primary production
  3. regulation - carbon sequestration, waste and detoxification
  4. Cultural services - cultural, spiritual and recreational
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is CSO and SSS?

A

Combined sewer system and Separated sewer system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is NPS?

A

non point source pollution - water pollution caused by a wide area of uncontrolled sources that cannot be traced back to an outlet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is stormwater?

A

Runoff of water from urban surfaces generated by snow fall or rain melt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is Urban Stream Syndrome?

A

Consistently observed ecological degradation of streams draining urban land

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Name the Affects urbanisation has on streams with context to increased building density

A

Impervious areas increase - drainage systems modified - flow velocity increase - lag time decreases - run off volume increases - peak run off increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Name the Affects urbanisation has on streams with context to increased population

A

Water demand increases - waterborne waste increases - stormwater quality deteriorates - ground water recharge problems - base flow reduces - pollution control problems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Name the 6 urban water management transitions

A
  1. Water supplied city
  2. Sewered city
  3. Drained city
  4. waterways city
  5. water cycle city
  6. water sensitive city
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are the 7 key principles of water management

A
  1. Protecting and enhancing waterways
  2. Restoring the urban water balance
  3. conserving water resources
  4. integrating SW treatment
  5. enhance urban design by integrating water
  6. reducing peak flows and run
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the effects of sediment in water ways

A

Light scattering
reduced fish feeding range
smothering of invertbrates
asscociated pollutants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is sources of nutrient pollution and what does it cause

A

animal waste, fertiliser, soil erosion

usually nitrogen or phosphorus

primary casue of eutrophication - excess aquatic plant growth, alagae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are hyrdocarbons and where do they come from

A

organic compounds that come from oil and fuel or old pavements

they stay in the environment for a long time and are persistant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are pathogens and where do they come from

A

micro organisms or viruses (bacteria, fungi) that come from animals, rodents, faceial matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are surfactants and where do they come from

A

organic compunds that come from soaps/ detergents etc

they lower surface tenison and are toxic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are gross pollutants

A

rubbish/litter - coarse sediment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

describe heavy metals in water ways

A

metallic elements of high density
toxic
in dissolved and particulate form
mainily zinc and lead (from roofs and leaded fuels)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is Kd

A

Partition coefficent - it tells us if the metals are more likely to be in the dissolved or particulate forms

metals with smaller kd are more likely to remain dissolved

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is it meant by trigger values

Study These Flashcards
A

Trigger values for ecosystem protection are based on the
amount (%) of species that are unlikely to be affected by
the given median concentration of particular pollutants

20
Q

what is LOP

Study These Flashcards
A

level of protection - percentage of species that will be reamin uanffected given change in water health

21
Q

what is resilence (sensistivites) meant in an ecosystem

Study These Flashcards
A

is the capacity of an ecosystem to respond to
a perturbation or disturbance by resisting damage and recovering
quickly.

22
Q

what contributes to a healthy stream

Study These Flashcards
A
  • range of flows
  • resilent to droughts or floods
  • ability to transport sediment
  • bed and bank stability
  • divesity of habitat
  • riparian buffer
23
Q

list some chareteristics of soft bedded rivers

Study These Flashcards
A

low energy - low velocity - depositional

depositiont of sediment near discharges and limited capacity to dilute inflows

24
Q

list some chareteristics of stony rivers

Study These Flashcards
A

high enegry - high velocity - dispersional

contact with dissolved contaminents
contact with contamintaed biofilms

25
what casues lake stratification a
seasonal temperature change which causes different layers of water temperatures.
26
what are the implications of lake stratification
1. Different physical and chemical characteristics of water layers 2. Biota and their biochemical reaction rates are different 3. Major difference is dissolved oxygen variation between upper and lower layers 4. Lake turnover can occur when surface water ≤ temperature as deeper water: autumn and spring
27
what are lakes key vunerabilitys
- eutrophication - acculmilation of sediments - inflowing rivers bring contaminents - dispersion and dilution is limited - settling of particles occurs
28
what are esturies
saltwater/fresh water (brakish) - extreme spatial varibilty in salinity - most productive ecological systems on earth - complex trophic relationships
29
what are the key features of Ground water
▪ Layering: unsaturated surface soils, saturated layers of variousvpermeability ▪ 3D system, with interactions and variability in all dimensions ▪ It takes time for fluid (and contaminants) to move throughout the systems: Lag time in seeing effects of contaminant inputs ▪ Role of soils or particulate component in filtration, adsorbtion, precipitation ▪ Potentially affected by a variety of land use activities over large spatial distribution
30
what are the two zones of ground water
zone of areation - unsaturated soil near the surface zone of saturation - saturated soil below zone of areation
31
what is ground waters key vunerabilitys
- Lag effect in seeing elevated pollutant levels compared to timing of polluted discharge ▪ Separation to groundwater from surface contributes to vulnerability ▪ Sensitivity of downgradient users of groundwater (including public health risks)
32
What is a sponge city
Sponge cities' are urban areas with abundant natural areas such as trees, lakes and parks – or other good designs intended to absorb rain and prevent flooding
33
what are some ideas of water sensitive urban desgin
Sediment & rubbish removal * Plant maintenance (weeding, trimming, fertilisation, watering) * Unblocking & repairing flow control structures * Replacement of filter media & soil * Cleaning & repair of pipes and chambers
34
what are the benefits of WSUD (water sensitive desgin)
For water: * more natural response to rainfall, fewer problems with flooding and erosion * healthier aquatic ecosystems * groundwater recharge For the land: * preservation of soils * provision of habitat For people: * recreational spaces * health & wellbeing
35
What are some benfits of rain gardens
rain gardens can be a way to reduce runoff from your property. Rain gardens can also help filter out pollutants in runoff and provide food and shelter for butterflies, song birds and other wildlife
36
what are some stormwater treatment systems
engineered wetlands, wet & dry detention basins, rain gardens/bioretention cells, and grassed swales
37
what does a stormintator do and how does it work
dissolved metals can be removed from stormwater by filtration through mussel shell media and gravity
38
what will happen to ammonia in the soil in the presence of nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria?
Nitrifying bacteria transform ammonia to nitrites, then quickly through to nitrates. Denitrifying bacteria transform the generated nitrate into N2, a gas form that is released into the atmosphere (volatilisation). Key point is nitrification and denitrification are not reciprocal process (i.e. moving ammonia to nitrates, and nitrates back to ammonia), but instead create a sequential pathway for ammonia to be transforms and ultimately released from soil/water environments into the atmosphere.
39
Explain why phosphorus is known as the ‘growth-limiting’ factor for primary producers
Redfield ratio tells us how much carbon:nitrogen:phosphorus plants need to grow their biomass. Only a little bit of phosphorus is required to enable growth, but is typically less abundant than carbon or nitrogen in natural waters.
40
how does the hydrograph of an urban stream compare to rural stream
larger peak, faster to reach peak flow, lower base flow
41
Explain why estuaries are typically nutrient-rich environments
Due to null zone where incoming tide and outgoing freshwater meet and velocity equals zero (so has no energy to hold particles). Sediment must deposit and typically this sediment has associated nutrients bound to it, so estuaries become location where nutrient-rich sediment is accumulated.
42
how do u reduce flashy hydrogrpah in an urban stream with WSUD
Minimising impermeable surfaces through urban design & implementation of storage/soakage systems. this creates reduced runoff and capture and slowly releasing excess runoff allows for a more natural hydrloic response
43
how would u reduce contaminants and nutrients entering water ways with WSUD
Provide stormwater treatment trains; protect & restore waterways
44
how would u reduce Altered channel morphology in an urban stream
Slow water down, provide a diverse range of habitats (as would occur in a natural waterway), restore natural waterway forms
45
define hydralic neutrality
Hydraulic neutrality means capturing and slowly releasing (or discharging to soakage, or re-using) stormwater runoff from your site, so that you don’t exceed the peak pre-development flow rate. it could look like holding excess runoff flow in tempoary storage so water does not exceed peak pre development flow
46
describe a treatment process to remove heavy metals and sediment
settling and added alkalinity to precipitate metals out then filter or settle
47
what resource consents are normally required for SW areas
Discharge to surface water (due to required outlet – controls on pollutant quality, flowrate) Discharge to groundwater (due to infiltration)

Stormwater (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions