Mid term study note Flashcards
1
Q
Monarchs who embraced the new ideas and made reforms that reflected the
enlightened spirit
A
Enlightened Despots
2
Q
Spanish conquerors
A
Conquistador
3
Q
Purpose of a colony is to benefit the motherland
A
mercantilism
4
Q
The people at the top of Spanish American society
A
Peninsulares
5
Q
In western Europe, a long-term effect of the invention of Gutenberg’s printing press was that
the
A
literacy rate increased
6
Q
A union between two or more countries for mutual benefit
A
alliance
7
Q
In Latin American colonial society, the Creole people were
A
of Spanish ancestry born in Latin America
8
Q
Social class of people.
A
Estate
9
Q
French congress established by representatives of the Third Estate.
A
National Assembly
10
Q
Explained law of Gravity and built on works of Copernicus and Galileo
A
Isaac Newton
11
Q
Francis Bacon, Galileo, and Isaac Newton promoted the idea that knowledge should be based on
A
experimentation and observation
12
Q
Bismarck’s straight forward political philosophy
A
Realpolitik
13
Q
able to produce what you need in your area, no need to trade with others
A
Self-Sufficiency
14
Q
Sardinia’s Prime Minister who helped to unite the northern Italian states
A
Camilla di Cavour
15
Q
Promise made by Third Estate representatives to draw up a new constitution
A
Tennis Court Oath
16
Q
What statement reflects an argument of Enlightenment philosophers against the belief in the divine right of kings?
A
The power of the government is derived from the governed
17
Q
One similarity m the leadership of Latin Americas Jose de San Martin, Toussaint
L’Ouverture, Bernardo O’Higgins, and Pedro I was that
A
led a struggle to gain freedom for the people of his nation
18
Q
Global transfer of foods, plants and animals during the colonization of the Americas
A
Columbian Exchange
19
Q
sudden takeover of a country.
A
Coup d’etat
20
Q
Swiss Enlightenment thinker, who believed that government should be run
according to the General Will of the majority and favored democracy
A
Rousseau
21
Q
Which statement best describes the result of the Crusades?
A
Trade between Europe and the Middle East was expanded.
22
Q
System of feudalism in France prior to the revolution.
A
Old Regime Robespierre
23
Q
Which policy is a country using when it regulates its colonies’ imports and exports to
produce a favorable balance of trade?
A
mercantilism
24
Q
Spanish peasant fighter.
A
guerrilla
25
War, unrestricted in terms of weapons use, in which laws of war are disregarded
and civilians
Total War
26
Which cultures fought with the Zulus in the 19 century over the control of land in South Africa?
British and Boer
27
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Growing social class during the Industrial Revolution which consisted of skilled
laborers, doctors and lawyers who competed for power with the aristocrats
```
Middle Class
28
Also known as the Age of Reason, when people began to question society
govermnent and attempted to explain the purpose of government.
Enlightenment
29
Portuguese explorer who went around the Cape of Good Hope and back
Magellan
30
Cutting flat strips of land into the side of hills in order to create more farmland
Terrace Farming
31
Which was a characteristic of feudalism?
Land was exchanged for military service and obligations
32
Islamic empire in India with great ties to the Safavid's to their East.
Mughals
33
Love or loyalty towards one's country
nationalism
34
Which statement most accurately reflects humanism?
People are worthwhile and should develop their potential to the fullest.
35
Which statement about railroad systems in the 19th and early 20th centuries is accurate?
Railroads helped promote the factory system and urbanization.
36
Medieval economic system that centers around the manor
Manorialism
37
Goods that had been processed through the factory system into a finished product and
then sold to the colonies
Manufactured Goods
38
Scientist who developed the heliocentric model
Nicolaus Copernicus
39
The group known as the Red Shirts were
Italian nationalist soldiers
40
most powerful system that was the only true unifying system during the Middle
Ages
The Catholic Church
41
The ethnocentric attitudes of various Chinese emperors can be attributed to the
cultural isolation of China
42
Loose alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy prior to WWI.
Triple Alliance
43
Completed the unification of Japan and became the ultimate Shogun.
Tokugawa leyasu
44
Why was the Balkan region referred to as the "Powder Keg of Europe" prior to World War I?
The aggression of the Ottoman Empire was disrupting the balance of power.
45
Alliance of Great Britain, United States, Russia, France and Italy.
Allied Powers
46
this time period mean rebirth in learning and it was a Golden Age in European
history lasting from 1300 to 1600.
Renaissance
47
Great Mesoamerican civilization that settled on the Yucatan peninsula and had
advancements in writing, math and science "
Maya
48
This British monarch broke with the Catholic Church and created a Protestant •
denomination because the pope would not annul his marriage
Henry VIII
49
Weak king who came to French throne in 1774
Louis XVI
50
Scientist who built his own telescope, proved Copernicus' work but was
forced to recant his ideas by the Church
Galileo Galilei
51
A major result of the Industrial Revolution was the
concentration of workers in urban areas.
52
condition in which no one country becomes a treat to the other
balance of power
53
writing in one's native language, such as Italian or English, rather than Latin
Vernacular
54
Loyalty to a small geographical region
Regionalism
55
Leader of Haiti's fight for Independence
Toussaint L'Ouverture
56
complete set of laws set up by Napoleon that limited many injustices.
Napoleonic Code
57
Both the Han dynasty and the Roman Empire were
having long periods of stable government
58
Portuguese explorer who explored the east African and west Indian coasts
Bartolomeo Dias
59
movement that focused on human potential and achievements (pride in being
QL
Humanism
60
Some of the ethnic strife in Africa today can be traced back to the European division of Africa resulting
from the
Berlin Conference
61
What was a principal reason for the success of European colonialism in Asia in the late 1800s?
Europe was able to dominate military and commercial relations with Asia.
62
Who originated the political style known as realpolitik?
Otto von Bismarck
63
Method developed by Rene Descartes and Francis Bacon that was used by
scientists to find answer to questions through reason
Scientific Method
64
The terms spheres of influence, extraterritoriality, and mandates are most closely associated with
imperialism
65
political and military system based on the exchange of land for military service
Feudalism
66
Nationalism is most likely to develop in an area that has
common customs, language, and history
67
How did the crop rotation system that developed in Britain during the Agricultural Revolution,
increase crop
It alternated crops, allowing the soil to remain nutrient rich
68
How did topography and climate affect the history of Africa?
European colonization of central Africa was delayed.
69
What were the effects of the Enlightenment?
```
People begin to question:
Absolute Rule
Separation of Church and State
Inequalities of Social Class
None Religious outlook- rise of Individualism
```
70
A formal agreement between warring parties to stop fighting
Armistice
71
area of land containing Mexico and Central America
Mesoamerica
72
Enlightenment thinker from France, who believed that people should have the right to freedom of speech and religion
Voltaire
73
forced closing of ports.
Blockade
74
time period in western Europe after the fall of Rome
Middle Ages
75
Loose alliance between Great Britain, Russia and France.
Triple Entente
76
Enlightenment thinker who believed that man was naturally evil and favored
absolute rulers
Thomas Hobbes
77
People of mixed European and Indian Ancestry
Mestizos
78
Machine for beheading people.
guillotine
79
The land, labor and resources necessary in order to make new capital goods
Factors of Production
80
one country controls another country's economics, government and society.
Imperialism
81
this Englishmen was the greatest playwright of all time, writing both comedies and
tragedies, such as Romeo and Juliet.
William Shakespeare
82
Alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria.
Central Powers
83
Economic system in which the Spanish forced the natives to work on plantations in a slave like atmosphere
Encomienda system
84
Archduke Franz Ferdinand Assassinated!' ;
"Germany Declares War on Russia and France!
"Peace Treaty Signed at Versailles!';;
Which event is referred to in these headlines?
World War I
85
The restoration of Chinese rule, the voyages of Zheng He, and the reintroduction of civil
service examinations are all associated with the
Ming dynasty
86
Wrote the "Communist Manifesto," with the help of Freidrich Engles and was a
lead theorist in the ideas of Communism
Kari Marx
87
What were the effects of the Scientific Revolution?
People begin to questions the catholic church about information they were telling them about science
New advances in medicine and science
88
pardons for one's sins
Indulgences
89
The result of regionalism in Latin America, post independence was
the institution of a dictator for all of Latin America
90
In the Latin American colonial society, the peninsulas' were people
born in Spain
91
Period of Robespierre's rule where thousands were sent to their death
Reign of Terror
92
A economic theory in which a country's power depends on their wealth which is
done by obtaining a favorable balance of trade
Mercantilism
93
Why is Ferdinand Magellan's voyage considered a turning point in world history?
One of his ships was the first to circumnavigate Earth.
94
Italian sea captain, that sailed for the Spanish . Meant to land in the East Indies
but really landed in the Caribbean
Columbus
95
One way Japanese feudalism during the Tokugawa shogunate was different from
European feudalism is that during this period of Japanese feudalism
most wealthy merchants were able to attain high social status
96
A major goal of both the Sepoy Mutiny and the Boxer Rebellion was to
remove foreign influences
97
The Middle Ages in Western Europe was characterized by
the manor system and the importance of land ownership
98
Reunited China, expanded to Korea, Manchuria and parts of Central Asia and
brought peace and prosperity
T'ang Dynasty
99
Babur's grandson, brought all of India under his rule and attempted to unite all of his
Muslim and Hindu subject
Akbar the Great
100
Assembly of representatives from all three estates; called when for the first time in 150 due to France's economic crisis
Estates-General
101
Chinese Dynasty that was controlled by the Manchu's, continued Chinese isolation and held on to traditional Chinese beliefs.
Qing Dynasty
102
materials such as iron ore, coal, gold, diamonds etc that were stripped from the colonies
by European powers, before they were processed
Raw Materials
103
The Gupta civilization (4th-6th centuries) and the Maya civilization (4th-6th centuries)
were similar in that both
built temple complexes and developed the concept of zero
104
Islamic empire that developed in Persia in the 1500s and were Shi'ite Muslim
Safavid
105
Which of these situations was the direct result of the other three?
Revolutions occurred in North America and France
* The Napoleonic wars weakened Spain's power
* Creoles and mestizos became discontented with Spanish
* The nations of Latin America won independence
106
battle in Belgium that was Napoleon's final defeat.
Waterloo
107
Changes which began in Europe that was the transition to new manufacturing processes
Industrialization
108
Where the government keeps their "hands off of economics
Laissez Faire
109
During the early 1800's, which was a major influence on the struggle for political independence in Latin America
the American and French Revolutions
110
Great Ottoman ruler who lead them through their peak and introduced a great time of
prosperity to his empire
Suleiman the Magnificent
111
The Middle Passage is best defined as
the forced journey of enslaved Africans to the Americas
112
To unite territories based on a common ethnicity
Unification
113
Which situation in Great Britain was a major reason why the Industrial Revolution began
there?
An ample supply of natural resources
114
Spanish conquistador who destroyed the Incan Civilizations in South America
Francisco Pizarro
115
ability to produce everything you need in one area in order to survive
Self-sufficient
116
Spanish settlers in the new world
Peninsular
117
Enlightenment thinker from France, who believed in the idea of separation of powers and that there should be a system of checks and balances
Montesquieu
118
Belief that there ruler was chosen by heaven and that heaven would overthrow a
bad ruler
Mandate of Heaven
119
During most of the 19 century, the unification of Germany was supported by which group
Prussia
120
Build it upon and furthered the cultural achievements of the Tang Dynasty
Song Dynasty
121
Conservative political party in Prussia
Junkers
122
wave of panic that spread through the French countryside after the storming of the Bastille.
Great Fear
123
unpopular queen who was hated for her unscrupulous spending
Marie Antoinette
124
Christian holy war to take back the holy land from the Muslim armies.
Crusades
125
Great Mesoamerican civilization that settled in the Valley of Mexico and established
the island city of Tenochtitlan
Aztec
126
Land that is controlled by another nation, typically for economic reasons
Colony
127
In Latin American colonial society, the word mulatto referred to
people of mixed-race heritage
128
Napoleon's last bid for power, which ended at Waterloo.
Hundred Days
129
Chinese explorer, he took a total of seven voyages from east Africa to Southeast
Asia, brought gifts to show Chinese power
Zheng He
130
( Chinese Dynasty that kicked the Mongols out of China and re-established
traditional Chinese and Confucian values and withdrew into isolation from the
Europeans.
Ming Dynasty
131
policy of burning fields and slaughtering livestock so that enemy troops would find nothing to eat
scorched-earth policy
132
Name for a German Emperor, Wilhelm I was the first of these
Kaiser
133
During World War I, which group of people were victims of genocide?
Armenians in the Ottoman Empire
134
Wrote the "Wealth of Nations," and was a capitalist economic theorists
Adam Smith
135
Sir Isaac Newton, Galileo Galilei, and Johannes Kepler are all directly associated with the
Scientific Revolution
136
A distinct change in the way people live (political, social, economic etc)
Revolution
137
What was an important strategy used by both the Romans and the Incas to unify their.'
empires?
building a large network of roads and bridges
138
He wrote The Prince, which advised rulers how to gain power and keep it.He supported absolutism and was anti-democracy.
Niccolo Machiavelli
139
Floating gardens created by the Aztecs that were extremely productive
Chinampas
140
Revolutionary statement guaranteeing rights such as liberty and property
Declaration of the Rights of Man
141
Which was a significant result of the renewed study of Greek and Roman life during the late
medieval period in Europe?
development of the Renaissance
142
large movement of people to the cities in search of jobs
Urbanization
143
The Tang dynasty contributed to the development of Chinese culture by
producing porcelain and block printing
144
Economic theory in which the means of production would be owned by the people
Communism
145
Nationalism is most likely to develop ill an area that has
common customs, language, and history
146
meeting of European powers for the purpose of restoring order to Europe
Congress of Viennie
147
Land controlled by a distant nation
colony
148
The "Liberator"
Simon Bolivar
149
the ideal person was expected to create art, master every area of study, should sing,
dance, play music, write poetry, and be a skilled swordsman.
Renaissance Man
150
Code of conduct associated with the medieval institution of knighthood.
Code of Chivalry
151
How did the Industrial Revolution affect cities?
the population grew faster than available housing
152
Leader of the Red shirts who united all of Southern Italy
Giuseppe Girbaldi
153
military leader who seized power in France
Napoleon Bonaparte
154
By closing Japanese harbors to most foreigners in the 1600s, the Tokugawa shogunate
attempted to
protect Japan from European influence
155
In the late 1400s and early 1500s, what was a major reason for the European voyages of
exploration?
need for alternate trade routes
156
A Protestant, he stressed the authority of the Bible and started his own church.
He also believed in predestination, that God had already predestined those who would go
to heaven.
John Calvin
157
What is the name of the voluntary association of workers seeking labor reforms?
Unions
158
The journeys of Vasco da Gama, Bartolomeu Dias, and Christopher Columbus became
possible in the late 1400s because of the
development of new navigational instruments and technology
159
Mix of Spanish and Native American
Mestizos
160
Chinese political theory describing the cycle of losing and gaining the mandate
of heaven
Dynastic Cycle
161
The revolution in Brazil that gained that country independence was unique for that time in
that it
was accomplished without bloodshed
162
Revolutionary leader who tried to wipe out every trace of France's past monarchy and nobility.
Maximillian
163
What was a major effect of the Columbian exchange?
introduction of new food
164
Narcotic drug used by the British to change balance of trade in their favor which began to
degrade the Chinese society
Opium
165
In many Latin American nations, a major effect of colonial rule has been the
concentration of power in a small group of landowners
166
Islamic Turkish people, originally from central Asia, who captured Constantinople in
1453 and went on to rule the Mediterranean
Ottomans
167
In colonial Latin America, the main purpose of the encomienda system was to
provide a steady labor supply for early colonists
168
Japanese policy of isolationism under the Tokugawa Shogunate.
Closed Country Policy
169
Enlightenment thinker from England, who believed man was naturally good,
favored idea of democracy and that people should have natural rights that are
protected by the government
John Locke
170
The transportation of goods, slaves and raw materials between Europe, Africa and the new world.
Triangular Trade
171
economic system based on private ownership and the investment of resources, such as money, for profit
Capitalism
172
Spanish conquistador who landed in Mexico and destroyed the Aztec people
Herman Cortes
173
The civilizations of the Aztecs, Incas, and Mayas were similar in that all
developed cities and complex govenerment
174
Loyalty to one's country, and the belief that each nationality is entitled to its own
government and homeland
Nationalism
175
By, 1871, the two most powerful nations, both militarily and economically, were
Britain and Germany
176
economic system in which a country attempts to maintain a favorable balance of trade by
using their colonies for raw material and new markets for manufactured goods
Sphere of Influence
177
.The buying and selling of Africans for work in the Americas
Atlantic Slave Trade
178
In the 1700's the Enclosure Movement led to an increase in
farming efficiency.
179
During the Reformation, a major criticism of the medieval Catholic Church was that it
refused to tolerate opposing ideas about religious practices
180
theory/fact that the Earth revolves around the sun
Heliocentric model
181
foreigners follow laws of their own nation in foreign lands
extraterritoriality
182
The 19th-century independence movements in Latin America were influenced by
the American and French Revolutions
183
Before a nation can begin to industrialize, that nation must first develop..
an adequate food supply.
184
Napoleon's policy of preventing trade and communication between Great Britain and other European Nations
Continental System
185
belief that your culture is superior to everyone else's
Ethnocentric
186
An important social aspect that occurred during the Industrial Revolution was
Urbanization.
187
Created first vaccine to prevent smallpox
Edward Jenner
188
Great South American civilization that settled in the Andes Mountains and were able
to adapt to the hard climate by building roads and using terrace farming.
Inca
189
Changes in the way people farmed which led to more food, better diets and an
explosion to the population
Agricultural Revolution
190
King of Prussia who became the first Kaiser of Germany
Wilhelm l
191
This famous artist and sculptor painted the Sistine Chapel and sculpted David.
Michelangelo
192
Prussian Prime Minister who used hard nose politics to unite all of Germany
Otto Von Bismarck
193
Indians who were in the British Army in India
Sepoys
194
Disease that spread from Asia to Europe from fleas on rats and caused
approximately 1/3 of the population
Black Death
195
Where trade and investments are controlled by foreign nations
Mercantilism
196
The 1453 conquest of Constantinople is an important turning point in Global History because it
Janissaries were stripped of their military power ( an elite member of the military army)
197
After winning independence for Argentina and Cliile, he gave up command of
Jose de San Martin
198
this allowed for mass production of the Bible and Luther's writings to spread
throughout Europe.
Printing Press
199
Which statement would Social Darwinists most likely support?
Stronger groups have the right to rule and control weaker groups.
200
Bismarck's motto
Blood and Iron
201
he was the ideal Renaissance Man, he was a painter, sculptor, inventor and scientist.
He created the most famous painting in the world, the Mona Lisa.
Leonardo da Vinci
202
This German monk was angered by the sale of indulgences so he wrote the 95
Theses which launched the Protestant Reformation
Martin Luther
203
Portuguese explorer who was first to circumnavigate the Earth
Vasco da Gama
204
People of mixed European and African ancestry
Mulattos
205
According to the theory of mercantilism, colonies should be
acquired as markets and sources of raw materials
206
What was the major cause of these changes in Europe?
* *Europeans sought new markets for their goods.
* *Many Europeans migrated to the cities in search of jobs.
* *European middle class gained political power.
Industrial Revolution
207
Unified China for over four hundred years, where merchants established overland
trade routes and built established the Silk Road
Han Dynasty
208
conflict in which Spanish rebels fought to drive Napoleon's troops out of Spain.
Peninsular
209
Economic theory in which money is invested by the individual into businesses with the goal of making a profit.
Capitalism
210
Scientist who developed the theory that the planets revolve around the sun in elliptical orbit
Johannes Kepler
211
The Opium Wars of the mid-19 century marked the beginning of the
domination of China by foreign powers
212
The writings of the Enlightenment philosophers in Europe encouraged later
political revolution with their support of
The natural rights of man
213
Which country is responsible for the extensive colonial use of the encomienda labor system?
Spain
214
This stanza from Kipling's poem is most closely associated with the belief that it was the duty of Western colonial powers to?
```
White Man's Burden.
"Take up the White Man's burden—
Send forth the best ye breed—
Go, bind your sons to exile
To serve your captives' need;
To wait, in heavy harness,
On fluttered folk and wild—
Your new-caught sullen peoples,
Half devil and half child...."
- Rudyard Kipling, 1899
```
civilize the people they controlled
215
A major cause of World War I was
the existence of opposing alliances
216
Which action could be considered an effect of the Protestant Reformation?
Decline in the power of the Roman Catholic Church
217
theory that technology advanced societies were more successful than other because they
were more civilized
Social Darwinism
218
belief/desire that a country should maintain a strong military to promote national interest
militarism
219
Forced cultural assimilation in Russia
Russification
220
This was a list of complaints, or statements, about what was wrong with the
Catholic Church
95 Theses
221
Spaniards born in Latin America '
Creoles
222
One major reason European countries engaged in imperialism in the late 19th century was
obtain markets for their manufactured goods
223
Treaty at the end of World War I which severely damaged Germany's economy, directly leading to WWII.
Treaty of Versailles
