Mid term study note Flashcards
Monarchs who embraced the new ideas and made reforms that reflected the
enlightened spirit
Enlightened Despots
Spanish conquerors
Conquistador
Purpose of a colony is to benefit the motherland
mercantilism
The people at the top of Spanish American society
Peninsulares
In western Europe, a long-term effect of the invention of Gutenberg’s printing press was that
the
literacy rate increased
A union between two or more countries for mutual benefit
alliance
In Latin American colonial society, the Creole people were
of Spanish ancestry born in Latin America
Social class of people.
Estate
French congress established by representatives of the Third Estate.
National Assembly
Explained law of Gravity and built on works of Copernicus and Galileo
Isaac Newton
Francis Bacon, Galileo, and Isaac Newton promoted the idea that knowledge should be based on
experimentation and observation
Bismarck’s straight forward political philosophy
Realpolitik
able to produce what you need in your area, no need to trade with others
Self-Sufficiency
Sardinia’s Prime Minister who helped to unite the northern Italian states
Camilla di Cavour
Promise made by Third Estate representatives to draw up a new constitution
Tennis Court Oath
What statement reflects an argument of Enlightenment philosophers against the belief in the divine right of kings?
The power of the government is derived from the governed
One similarity m the leadership of Latin Americas Jose de San Martin, Toussaint
L’Ouverture, Bernardo O’Higgins, and Pedro I was that
led a struggle to gain freedom for the people of his nation
Global transfer of foods, plants and animals during the colonization of the Americas
Columbian Exchange
sudden takeover of a country.
Coup d’etat
Swiss Enlightenment thinker, who believed that government should be run
according to the General Will of the majority and favored democracy
Rousseau
Which statement best describes the result of the Crusades?
Trade between Europe and the Middle East was expanded.
System of feudalism in France prior to the revolution.
Old Regime Robespierre
Which policy is a country using when it regulates its colonies’ imports and exports to
produce a favorable balance of trade?
mercantilism
Spanish peasant fighter.
guerrilla
War, unrestricted in terms of weapons use, in which laws of war are disregarded
and civilians
Total War
Which cultures fought with the Zulus in the 19 century over the control of land in South Africa?
British and Boer
Growing social class during the Industrial Revolution which consisted of skilled laborers, doctors and lawyers who competed for power with the aristocrats
Middle Class
Also known as the Age of Reason, when people began to question society
govermnent and attempted to explain the purpose of government.
Enlightenment
Portuguese explorer who went around the Cape of Good Hope and back
Magellan
Cutting flat strips of land into the side of hills in order to create more farmland
Terrace Farming
Which was a characteristic of feudalism?
Land was exchanged for military service and obligations
Islamic empire in India with great ties to the Safavid’s to their East.
Mughals
Love or loyalty towards one’s country
nationalism
Which statement most accurately reflects humanism?
People are worthwhile and should develop their potential to the fullest.
Which statement about railroad systems in the 19th and early 20th centuries is accurate?
Railroads helped promote the factory system and urbanization.
Medieval economic system that centers around the manor
Manorialism
Goods that had been processed through the factory system into a finished product and
then sold to the colonies
Manufactured Goods
Scientist who developed the heliocentric model
Nicolaus Copernicus
The group known as the Red Shirts were
Italian nationalist soldiers
most powerful system that was the only true unifying system during the Middle
Ages
The Catholic Church
The ethnocentric attitudes of various Chinese emperors can be attributed to the
cultural isolation of China
Loose alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy prior to WWI.
Triple Alliance
Completed the unification of Japan and became the ultimate Shogun.
Tokugawa leyasu
Why was the Balkan region referred to as the “Powder Keg of Europe” prior to World War I?
The aggression of the Ottoman Empire was disrupting the balance of power.
Alliance of Great Britain, United States, Russia, France and Italy.
Allied Powers
this time period mean rebirth in learning and it was a Golden Age in European
history lasting from 1300 to 1600.
Renaissance
Great Mesoamerican civilization that settled on the Yucatan peninsula and had
advancements in writing, math and science “
Maya
This British monarch broke with the Catholic Church and created a Protestant •
denomination because the pope would not annul his marriage
Henry VIII
Weak king who came to French throne in 1774
Louis XVI
Scientist who built his own telescope, proved Copernicus’ work but was
forced to recant his ideas by the Church
Galileo Galilei
A major result of the Industrial Revolution was the
concentration of workers in urban areas.
condition in which no one country becomes a treat to the other
balance of power
writing in one’s native language, such as Italian or English, rather than Latin
Vernacular
Loyalty to a small geographical region
Regionalism
Leader of Haiti’s fight for Independence
Toussaint L’Ouverture
complete set of laws set up by Napoleon that limited many injustices.
Napoleonic Code
Both the Han dynasty and the Roman Empire were
having long periods of stable government
Portuguese explorer who explored the east African and west Indian coasts
Bartolomeo Dias
movement that focused on human potential and achievements (pride in being
QL
Humanism
Some of the ethnic strife in Africa today can be traced back to the European division of Africa resulting
from the
Berlin Conference
What was a principal reason for the success of European colonialism in Asia in the late 1800s?
Europe was able to dominate military and commercial relations with Asia.
Who originated the political style known as realpolitik?
Otto von Bismarck
Method developed by Rene Descartes and Francis Bacon that was used by
scientists to find answer to questions through reason
Scientific Method
The terms spheres of influence, extraterritoriality, and mandates are most closely associated with
imperialism
political and military system based on the exchange of land for military service
Feudalism
Nationalism is most likely to develop in an area that has
common customs, language, and history
How did the crop rotation system that developed in Britain during the Agricultural Revolution,
increase crop
It alternated crops, allowing the soil to remain nutrient rich
How did topography and climate affect the history of Africa?
European colonization of central Africa was delayed.
What were the effects of the Enlightenment?
People begin to question:
Absolute Rule
Separation of Church and State
Inequalities of Social Class
None Religious outlook- rise of IndividualismA formal agreement between warring parties to stop fighting
Armistice
area of land containing Mexico and Central America
Mesoamerica
Enlightenment thinker from France, who believed that people should have the right to freedom of speech and religion
Voltaire
forced closing of ports.
Blockade
time period in western Europe after the fall of Rome
Middle Ages
Loose alliance between Great Britain, Russia and France.
Triple Entente
Enlightenment thinker who believed that man was naturally evil and favored
absolute rulers
Thomas Hobbes
People of mixed European and Indian Ancestry
Mestizos
Machine for beheading people.
guillotine
The land, labor and resources necessary in order to make new capital goods
Factors of Production
one country controls another country’s economics, government and society.
Imperialism
this Englishmen was the greatest playwright of all time, writing both comedies and
tragedies, such as Romeo and Juliet.
William Shakespeare
Alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria.
Central Powers
Economic system in which the Spanish forced the natives to work on plantations in a slave like atmosphere
Encomienda system
Archduke Franz Ferdinand Assassinated!’ ;
“Germany Declares War on Russia and France!
“Peace Treaty Signed at Versailles!’;;
Which event is referred to in these headlines?
World War I
The restoration of Chinese rule, the voyages of Zheng He, and the reintroduction of civil
service examinations are all associated with the
Ming dynasty
Wrote the “Communist Manifesto,” with the help of Freidrich Engles and was a
lead theorist in the ideas of Communism
Kari Marx
What were the effects of the Scientific Revolution?
People begin to questions the catholic church about information they were telling them about science
New advances in medicine and science
pardons for one’s sins
Indulgences
The result of regionalism in Latin America, post independence was
the institution of a dictator for all of Latin America
