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IWP 608: American Founding Principles > Mid Term Study Guide > Flashcards

Mid Term Study Guide Flashcards

0
Q

Aristotle: a regime is…

A

“An arrangement of a city with respect to its offices” - particularly the governing body

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1
Q

Aristotle: are good citizens also good men?

A

Not necessarily. One may be a good citizen, but not a good man.

A good citizen is conditional while the qualities of a good man are universal

Being a citizen is like being a sailor on a ship with a specific task

Virtue of good citizen- to rule and be ruled.

Virtue of a good man- simply to rule well. Prudence is the only virtue peculiar to the good ruler.

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2
Q

Aristotle: man is a political animal, and men seek political partnerships for…

A

For the sake of living and for the sake of living well.

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3
Q

Aristotle: the difference between just and unjust regimes…

A

A just regime rules for the common good

An unjust regime rules to the advantage of the ruler

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4
Q

Aristotle: the three good regimes and their unjust counterparts

A

By the one- kingship, tyranny
By the few- aristocracy, oligarchy
By the multitude- polity, democracy

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5
Q

Aristotle: the flawed assumptions of oligarchy and democracy

A

Oligarchy assumed that because people are unequal in one thing-wealth- they are unequal in all things.

Democracy assumes that because people are equal in freedom they are equal in general.

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6
Q

Beyond safety, the city exists for?

A

Living well. Those who contribute the most to a circumstance where people may live nobly are the most virtuous

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7
Q

It is best to place the ultimate authority of a city in what over what?

A

In law over a particular human being.

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8
Q

Aristotle: what two things above all else deserve honor and merit?

A

Education and virtue

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9
Q

Having law rule is like…

A

Having the intellect rule without interference from appetite.

When a person rules rather than the law, desire and appetite affect the decision.

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10
Q

Aristotle: a kingship is justified when

A

One person is in fact unequaled by any other. To share with unequals would be to the detriment of the city.

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11
Q

Three cities considered as the great shapers of western thought:

A

Jerusalem, Athens, and Rome.

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12
Q

The two variances of equality:

A

Equality of opportunity

Equality of outcome

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13
Q

Natural law, short hand definition:

A

The law which applies to all people in all places at all times

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14
Q

Statement

For American founding fathers, natural law governs politics. Hence system of constraint.

A

…

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15
Q

All men are created equal

A

Equality before the law, ensures some modicum of dignity, equal in status before God

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16
Q

Life, liberty, and the persist of happiness. What came from Locke?

A

The right to private property. Pursuit of happiness was not discussed.

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17
Q

Tower of Babel story implies that humans were designed to be very capable and resource, it was God who interviewed to keep the tower from reaching heaven.

A

…

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18
Q

How did Aristotle influence American founding fathers, directly and indirectly?

A

Direct take away was the need for a system of checks and balances, and rule of law above rule of persons

Indirectly, notions of ethics, philosophy, and the nature of the soul trickled down through western modes of thoughts; even through the FF did not put much stock on Aristotelian works directly.

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19
Q

Describe the telos

A

Aristotle’s telos defines an end. For the city, the telos is the end purpose of the city to facilitate happy and virtuous lives for the people. For him, the city is a natural object.

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20
Q

Emo Aristotle notes that

A

Things fall apart. (He was referring to governments, regimes, and structures of order)

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21
Q

Unlike the communist manifesto or leviathan, Aristotle argued that political systems…

A

Will vary from time and place depending on the needs of those particular time and places. There are no absolutes of perfect government systems to be applied to all.

22
Q

Focus difference between Aristotle and Plato as depicted in Raphael’s painting: the school of Athens

A

Plato pointing up to heaven, Aristotle pointing back down to earth.

Aristotle expresses a belief in knowledge based upon empirical observation. Reality focused.

23
Q

For Aristotle, happiness is:

A

Happiness is an activity of the soul in accordance with perfect virtue

Thus, the per suit of virtue is necessary in order to be truly happy.

24
Q

According to Aristotle, students of politics must study what above all things?

A

Virtue

25
Q

For Aristotle, in order to become virtuous one must…

A

First observe it in others,

Then practice it to attain it.

26
Q

For Aristotle, perfect friendship comes from…

A

Those who are good. It is not transactional.

27
Q

Statement- unlike say Kant, Aristotle believes there are realities which we may know and observe

A

…

28
Q

For Aristotle, logos is…

A

Persuasion through the use of reason.

Pathos by emotion and ethos by character of the author

29
Q

For Aristotle, when is man the worst or best of animals?

A

Best when perfected, worst when separated from justice and law.

30
Q

For Aristotle, two kinds of slavery:

A

Slavery from war and conquest. Unjust wars produce unjust slavery.

Slavery by nature: of the followers by the leaders

31
Q

For Hayek, nothing distinguished the differences between conditions of the free world and the autocracies like…

A

The rule of law

32
Q

Sections of the constitution where foreign affairs responsibilities are mostly consolidated:

A

1-4 and 6

33
Q

Three components of foreign affairs power:

A

Diplomatic, law making, use of force

34
Q

Does the US constitution allow for the USG to break from international treaties? Wage offensive wars?

A

Yes in both cases

35
Q

The Declaration of Independence is what sort of backdrop to the constitution?

A

Philosophical

36
Q

Who was GW’s role model regarding his decision to give up control of the continental forces

A

Cincinnatus

37
Q

For Thomas Hobbes, what was the principle event which likely shaped his mode of thinking expressed in his social contract?

A

English civil war 1642

The leviathan was meant to explore a mechanism to prevent exactly this sort of chaos and violence

38
Q

For Hobbes, essentially, the motivator for politics is what?

A

Fear

Give up rights to aggression to enjoy some collective safety under authority

39
Q

For Hobbes, the undermining flaws of his arguments are found in:

A

His epistemology. He makes certain assumption and makes little effort to explain or defend these assumptions.

40
Q

For john Locke, what is the driving force behind his beliefs?

A

Reason, in the drivers seat because

Reason trumps revelation since reason is always required to qualify the existence of a revelation.

41
Q

What is a central ten want of locke’s ethos concerning individual rights?

A

Property.

You are your own property
The labor you put into the land makes it yours granted you do not abuse what you gain from it.

42
Q

For Tocqueville, religion in America was preventing the masses from doing what?

A

From over pursuing equality as the sophists were in revolutionary France

43
Q

For Tocqueville, faith equals what?

A

Political freedom

44
Q

For Tocqueville, religion influenced the per suit of wealth how?

A

Religion can never stop people from perusing wealth, but it may guide men to seek it by honorable means.

45
Q

Battle of Dunkirk, British officers says “but if he will not”?

A

If god will deliver is, but of he will not we will stay the course. From Daniel

46
Q

John Winthrop did what?

A

Carried biblical tradition to US shores by declaring the Plymouth colony to strive to be a city upon a hill to inspire

47
Q

The juedeo/Christian religion is unique in that

A

it is the only religion in which man made a covenant with God

48
Q

To sin is what?

A

An act of rebellion towards god in the face of the covenant made with him.

49
Q

For the founding fathers, the political histories of the Greeks essentially played what role?

A

A long list of exactly what not to do

50
Q

For philosophy and literature, the founding fathers studies the Greeks, but for political structuring they turned to?

A

The Romans

Particularly Plutarch and Cicero

51
Q

Who was the father of English common law? Based on what?

A

Henry Bracton, based on Cicero

52
Q

Kirk ch 10: four authors

A

Hume, Montesquieu, black stone, Burke

IWP 608: American Founding Principles (1 decks)

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