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History 2/27 > Mid Term Review > Flashcards

Mid Term Review Flashcards

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1
Q

The Crusades were called

A

Holy wars

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2
Q

Who were the crusades fought by? Where?

A

Christians; europe

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3
Q

Why were the crusades fought?

A

Attempting to regain Jerusalem from the Muslim Turks

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4
Q

The renaissance was a period of what?

A

“Rebirth”of Greek and roman culture

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5
Q

When was the Renaissance period?

A

c. 1350-1600

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6
Q

Why did the Protestant Reformation begin?

A

As a result of Martin Luther’s protest of the catholic church’s practice of selling indulgences

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7
Q

When was Christopher Columbus ‘s first voyage?

A

1492

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8
Q

This was mainly a transfer of agricultural goods between Europe and the Americas

A

The Colombian exchange

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9
Q

What was the most devastating element of the Colombian exchange?

A

The transmission of European diseases to the Native American population

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10
Q

Who established large colonial empires in the Americas?

A

Spanish French & English

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11
Q

Who was the Spanish conquistador who conquered the Aztecs in Mexico?

A

Hernan Cortez

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12
Q

What Spanish conquistador conquered the Incas in South America?

A

Francisco Pizarro

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13
Q

What empire was the largest of the European colonial empires in America?

A

The Spanish empire

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14
Q

What did the Spanish empire regions in present day United States consist of?

A 
Much of :
South & Central America 
Mexico
The Southwest
Gulf of Mexico
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15
Q

St. Augustine, Florida was established by who? When?

A

Spanish; 1565

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16
Q

What was the first permanent settlement in present day US?

A

St. Augustine, Florida

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17
Q

Where did the French build their American empire?

A

Along the St. Lawrence River in Canada, the Great Lakes, & the Mississippi River

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18
Q

What was the main economic activity of New France?

A

Fur trading

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19
Q

Where was the first permanent English settlement in America? When?

A

Jamestown in Virginia in 1607

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20
Q

What was the cash crop that saved Jamestown?

A

Tobacco

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21
Q

What was the first elected assembly in America? When did it convene?

A

The Virginia House of Burgesses; 1619

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22
Q

When did the pilgrims arrive in Plymouth, Massachusetts aboard the Mayflower

A

1620

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23
Q

Who established the Massachusetts Bay Colony and become the leading force in developing the New England Colonies?

A

The Puritans

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24
Q

What were the main economic activities of the Nee England colonies?

A

Subsistence farming, fishing, whaling, lumber, and shipbuilding

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25
Q

What were factors producing wealth in the Middle Colonies?

A

Cash crops such as wheat

The development of trading cities such as née York & Philadelphia

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26
Q

What were the chief economic activities In the southern colonies?

A

Plantation farming of rice, Indigo, and tobacco

27
Q

By what year had the English established 13 colonies along the Atlantic coast of North America?

A

1732

28
Q

What influenced the political thinking of England’s American colonies?

A

The Enlightenment

29
Q

What three things of the Enlightenment impacted the Americans?

A

Locks natural rights, Rousseau’s social contract, Montesquieu’s separation of powers

30
Q

What was the Great Awakening?

A

A religious revival in America during the 1740s

31
Q

What positive contributions were caused by the Great Awakening?

A

Colonial unity and a developing sense of American independence

32
Q

When did the French and Indian war begin in America?

A

1754

33
Q

What was the fighting about in the French and Indian war?

A

The British and French fought over disputed territory in the Ohio River Valley

34
Q

What ended the French and Indian war?

A

The Treaty of Paris

35
Q

What was another name for the French and Indian war?

A

The 7 year’s war in Europe

36
Q

What were 2 results from the French and Indian war?

A
  1. It made Britain the dominant colonial power in the world

2. It left the British deeply in debt

37
Q

What were some examples of British taxes placed on the American colonists in order to reduce their debt

A

The Sugar act, Stamp act and Townshend acts

38
Q

Why did Americans object to the British taxes?

A

They had no representation in the Parliament

39
Q

What became the American rallying cry?

A

No taxation without representation

40
Q

When were five American colonists killed by British troops?

A

1770 at the Boston Massacre

41
Q

What was the Boston tea party?

A

A protest by American colonists against A monopoly granted the British East India Company by the Tea Act in 1773

42
Q

How did King George III punish Massachusetts?

A

By pushing a series of laws known as the Coercive Acts through Parliament

43
Q

When and where did the First Continental Congress meet?

A

Philadelphia in 1774

44
Q

What did the First Continental Congress establish?

A

A colonial wide series of boycotts and non-importation agreements

45
Q

When and where were the first shots of the American Revolution fired?

A

Lexington and Concord in April 1775

46
Q

When and where did the second Continental Congress convene? What did they do?

A

Philadelphia May 1775

Named George Washington The commander of the Continental Army

47
Q

What was the first major battle of the Revolutionary war?

A

The Battle of Bunker Hill

48
Q

What was the battle that was the turning point of the Revolutionary war and why?

A

The Battle of Saratoga

It convinced the French to join the American side

49
Q

Who surrendered to Washington at Yorktown Virginia in 1781?

A

British Gen. Cornwalis

50
Q

Why was Gen. Cornwallis’s surrender important?

A

Marked the last major battle of the Revolutionary war

51
Q

What ended the Revolutionary war?

A

The Treaty of Paris 1783

52
Q

What were the boundaries of the new United States made by the Treaty of Paris 1783?

A

The Mississippi River to the west,
the Great Lakes to the north,
Spanish Florida to the south,
and the Atlantic Ocean to the east

53
Q

Who was the main writer of the declaration of independence?

A

Thomas Jefferson

54
Q

By whom and when was the declaration of independence adopted?

A

The 2nd Continental Congress on July 4, 1776

55
Q

When were the articles of Confederation ratified?

A
  1. Became the first constitution of the United States
56
Q

What was the main problem of the articles of Confederation?

A

Its central government was too weak to carry out its duties

57
Q

What set up the Northwest territory for settlement?

A

The land ordinance of 1785

58
Q

What set up the Northwest territory for statehood?

A

The Northwest ordinance of 1787

59
Q

What did the Constitutional convention in Philadelphia in the summer of 1787 call for?

A

A government of three branches with bicameral legislature

60
Q

The Senate was to be represented based on what?

A

Equality

61
Q

The house of representatives was to be based on what?

A

Population

62
Q

Who supported ratifying the new constitution?

A

The Federalists

63
Q

Who opposed ratifying the new Constitution?

A

Anti-Federalists

64
Q

Why did the Federalists win the debate about ratifying the Constitution?

A
  1. partly because of the Federalist papers

2. A promise to add a bill of rights

History 2/27 (10 decks)

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