Mid Term Review Flashcards
The Crusades were called
Holy wars
Who were the crusades fought by? Where?
Christians; europe
Why were the crusades fought?
Attempting to regain Jerusalem from the Muslim Turks
The renaissance was a period of what?
“Rebirth”of Greek and roman culture
When was the Renaissance period?
c. 1350-1600
Why did the Protestant Reformation begin?
As a result of Martin Luther’s protest of the catholic church’s practice of selling indulgences
When was Christopher Columbus ‘s first voyage?
1492
This was mainly a transfer of agricultural goods between Europe and the Americas
The Colombian exchange
What was the most devastating element of the Colombian exchange?
The transmission of European diseases to the Native American population
Who established large colonial empires in the Americas?
Spanish French & English
Who was the Spanish conquistador who conquered the Aztecs in Mexico?
Hernan Cortez
What Spanish conquistador conquered the Incas in South America?
Francisco Pizarro
What empire was the largest of the European colonial empires in America?
The Spanish empire
What did the Spanish empire regions in present day United States consist of?
Much of : South & Central America Mexico The Southwest Gulf of Mexico
St. Augustine, Florida was established by who? When?
Spanish; 1565
What was the first permanent settlement in present day US?
St. Augustine, Florida
Where did the French build their American empire?
Along the St. Lawrence River in Canada, the Great Lakes, & the Mississippi River
What was the main economic activity of New France?
Fur trading
Where was the first permanent English settlement in America? When?
Jamestown in Virginia in 1607
What was the cash crop that saved Jamestown?
Tobacco
What was the first elected assembly in America? When did it convene?
The Virginia House of Burgesses; 1619
When did the pilgrims arrive in Plymouth, Massachusetts aboard the Mayflower
1620
Who established the Massachusetts Bay Colony and become the leading force in developing the New England Colonies?
The Puritans
What were the main economic activities of the Nee England colonies?
Subsistence farming, fishing, whaling, lumber, and shipbuilding
What were factors producing wealth in the Middle Colonies?
Cash crops such as wheat
The development of trading cities such as née York & Philadelphia
What were the chief economic activities In the southern colonies?
Plantation farming of rice, Indigo, and tobacco
By what year had the English established 13 colonies along the Atlantic coast of North America?
1732
What influenced the political thinking of England’s American colonies?
The Enlightenment
What three things of the Enlightenment impacted the Americans?
Locks natural rights, Rousseau’s social contract, Montesquieu’s separation of powers
What was the Great Awakening?
A religious revival in America during the 1740s
What positive contributions were caused by the Great Awakening?
Colonial unity and a developing sense of American independence
When did the French and Indian war begin in America?
1754
What was the fighting about in the French and Indian war?
The British and French fought over disputed territory in the Ohio River Valley
What ended the French and Indian war?
The Treaty of Paris
What was another name for the French and Indian war?
The 7 year’s war in Europe
What were 2 results from the French and Indian war?
- It made Britain the dominant colonial power in the world
2. It left the British deeply in debt
What were some examples of British taxes placed on the American colonists in order to reduce their debt
The Sugar act, Stamp act and Townshend acts
Why did Americans object to the British taxes?
They had no representation in the Parliament
What became the American rallying cry?
No taxation without representation
When were five American colonists killed by British troops?
1770 at the Boston Massacre
What was the Boston tea party?
A protest by American colonists against A monopoly granted the British East India Company by the Tea Act in 1773
How did King George III punish Massachusetts?
By pushing a series of laws known as the Coercive Acts through Parliament
When and where did the First Continental Congress meet?
Philadelphia in 1774
What did the First Continental Congress establish?
A colonial wide series of boycotts and non-importation agreements
When and where were the first shots of the American Revolution fired?
Lexington and Concord in April 1775
When and where did the second Continental Congress convene? What did they do?
Philadelphia May 1775
Named George Washington The commander of the Continental Army
What was the first major battle of the Revolutionary war?
The Battle of Bunker Hill
What was the battle that was the turning point of the Revolutionary war and why?
The Battle of Saratoga
It convinced the French to join the American side
Who surrendered to Washington at Yorktown Virginia in 1781?
British Gen. Cornwalis
Why was Gen. Cornwallis’s surrender important?
Marked the last major battle of the Revolutionary war
What ended the Revolutionary war?
The Treaty of Paris 1783
What were the boundaries of the new United States made by the Treaty of Paris 1783?
The Mississippi River to the west,
the Great Lakes to the north,
Spanish Florida to the south,
and the Atlantic Ocean to the east
Who was the main writer of the declaration of independence?
Thomas Jefferson
By whom and when was the declaration of independence adopted?
The 2nd Continental Congress on July 4, 1776
When were the articles of Confederation ratified?
- Became the first constitution of the United States
What was the main problem of the articles of Confederation?
Its central government was too weak to carry out its duties
What set up the Northwest territory for settlement?
The land ordinance of 1785
What set up the Northwest territory for statehood?
The Northwest ordinance of 1787
What did the Constitutional convention in Philadelphia in the summer of 1787 call for?
A government of three branches with bicameral legislature
The Senate was to be represented based on what?
Equality
The house of representatives was to be based on what?
Population
Who supported ratifying the new constitution?
The Federalists
Who opposed ratifying the new Constitution?
Anti-Federalists
Why did the Federalists win the debate about ratifying the Constitution?
- partly because of the Federalist papers
2. A promise to add a bill of rights
