Mid Term Review Flashcards
E. H. Sutherland is the individual credited with having first coined the term “white collar crime.”
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Businessmen who committed exploitative acts were labeled criminaloids by E. A. Ross in Sin and Society.
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The book White Collar Crime by Sutherland focused on corporate crimes.
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Sutherland’s general theory of crime is known as differential association theory.
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Friedrich’s multistage approach to defining white collar crime consists of the polemical, typological, and operational stages.
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The primary victims as well as the context in which a crime occurs are criteria in the Typological stage of Friedrichs’ multistage approach to defining white collar crime.
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Holding a legitimate position or occupation is most closely associated with a status-related meaning of respectability.
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Garfinkel called the circumstances under which people are stripped of status and respectability degradation ceremonies.
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The concept of moral risk refers to the practice of facilitating risky behavior on the part of parties who do not fully appreciate the risks.
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White collar crime offenders are more likely to be middle-aged or older.
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Occupational crime offenders are often middle class, but sometimes lower-class.
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Crucial evidence in white collar crime cases is most likely to come from informers.
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The False Claims Amendment Act encouraged whistleblowing.
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Early 20th century journalists who exposed corruption in high places were known as muckrakers.
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The general public is least likely to be aware of the role of criminologists in exposing white collar crime.
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The positivistic approach to the study of white collar crime is associated with the use of the scientific method.
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Since the 1970s, the unit of analysis in white collar crime studies has increasingly shifted from the individual to the organization.
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Problems of objectivity may be intensified in the study of white collar crime if researchers are drawn to the field by moral outrage.
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The case study is the methodology that provides a concrete, rich understanding of the dynamics and realities of a particular white collar crime case.
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Control is the principal value of the experimental method.
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The results of Milgram’s experiment on authority suggested that ordinary people will do something harmful or unethical if ordered to do so by legitimate authority.
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Tracy and Fox’s study of fraudulent claims to insurance companies submitted by auto-body repair shops is an example of a field experiment.
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Archival data is often obtained through the Freedom of Information Act.
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The pattern of media coverage of antitrust cases at different points in time calls for a content analysis research method.
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