Mid-Term Review Flashcards
Basic Principles of Presentation Speaking
Purpose, Audience, Credibility, Logistics, Content, Organization, Performance
Rule of 3
List things in 3, easier to remember 3 things
Effective Listening Definition
The ability to understand, analyze, respect, appreciate and appropriately respond to the meaning of another person’s spoken and non-verbal messages
4 Types of Listening
Informative, Relationship, Critical, and Appreciative
Informative Listening
To understand the message
Key Variable: Vocabulary, Concentration, Memory
Relationship Listening
Understand the information with the emphasis of the other person
Key Variables: Attending, Supporting, Empathizing
Critical Listening
To evaluate and assess what they are hearing
Key Variables, Review and Preview, and mapping (identifying main points)
Appreciative Listening
Answering the question, understanding if you like , value or enjoy what is being said
4 Causes of Poor Listening
Physical, Personal, Gender, and Semantic (World View)
Bad Listening Habits
Pretend to listen, assume topic will be boring, interrupts, listens only for facts
Good Listeners
Pay Attention, Listen for big ideas, make it personal, focus on non-verbal behaviour, avoid assumptions
Active LIstening
The receiver actively demonstrates that they’ve heard and understood by feeding back to the speaker either literal meaning, emotional content or both
4 Active Listening Techniquees
Encouraging, Paraphrasing, Reflecting Feelings, Ask for information/clarification
3 Elements of Paraphrase
A sentence stem, repetition/summary and checking for for accuracy
Giving Feed Back
Be specific, descriptive, Focus on something that the person can act, balance the positive and negative, talk to the person now, choose one or two things the person can concentrate on, avoid inferences, use all aspects of communcation
Presentation Anxiety
A physiological response to stress
Causes of Presentation Anxiety
Fear of Negative Criticism, fear of the audience, avoidance, past experience, chemical imbalance
3 Sources of Confidence
Prepare, Relax, Practice
3 Employability Skills
Fundamental Skills, Teamwork Skills, Personal Management Skills
Fundamental Skills
The ability to use numbers, think and solve problems, and manage information
Teamwork Skills
The ability to work with others and participate in projects and tasks
Personal Management Skills
The ability to learn and adapt, be responsible, and have positive attitudes and behaviours
Meetings are
empowering, a great way to communicate, a way to develop work skills and leadership, and are morale boosting
Opening Meetings
Start on time, review the agenda at the beginning, note meeting recorder to take minutes, clarify roles
Time Management
Need to keep the process moving, ask attendees to help you keep track of the time
Closing The Meeting
End on time and on positive note, review actions and assignments, set time for next meeting, clarify meeting minutes and.or actions will be reported back to member in most a week
5 Sins of ineffective PResentation
No Clear Point No Audience Benefit No Clear Flow Too detailed Too Long
3 Student Presentation Mistakes
Do not restate the main point
They read and do not speak
2 Types of Speech
Informative and Peruasive
Informative Speech
To transmit information of a factual nature, often seen as dry or boring, speak must be creative in using multi-sense learning techniques to maintain audience interest.
Use Rule of 3
Persuasive Speech
To influecne both individual and groups to accept a particular position or belief, requies a clear understanding of the audience and an intense listener focus
Stages of Speaking with persuasion
Awareness of the Problem
Understanding the Problem
Understanding the proposed solution
Visualization of the effects of the proposed solution
Understanding how they, the audience must act
5 Steps to developing the message
Use the audience, the opening, message transition, wrapping up, and question and answers
6 Questions for audience analysis
What’s the audience’s initial reaction?
How much info is needed?
What obstacles must you overcome?
What aspects can you emphasize?
What expectations does the audience have about the language, structure and format for the messages?
How will the audience use the information?
3 Things to deliver a presentation with impact
Speaking Voice, Non-Verbal Cues, Presentation notes
3 Aspects of Speaking Voice
Volume, Rate and Articulation, and Conversation Tone
Keys to Volume
Be loud enough so everyone can hear you
No booming voice or quiet voice
Keys Rate and Articulation
Moderate Pace, aim for around 175 wpm, for ESL a big issue is too fast a pace
Keys to Conversational Tone
Most difficult, talk with not to,
Nonverbal Communication
7% Words, 38% Voice Tone, 55% Body Language
Consists of Dress, Eye Contact, and Body Language
Key points to Dress
Clothes Speak louder then words, be respectful, judgments are made upon your dress
Key Point to Eye Contact
Demonstrates confidence and credibility, also helps presenter assess the audience interest.
Modified H or Z Pattern
Maintain contact for only 1-2 seconds, any longer can cause false pretenses
Key Points to Body Language
Consists of Facial Expressions and Gestures
Proxemics
Study of Space Between People 0-2ft: Inimate Zone 2-4ft: Personal Zone 4-12ft: Social Zone 12ft+: Public Zone
Presentation Notes
Use a system (Roman Numerals, letters, Numbers etc.)
No more then 5-10 words per points, no unnecessary words
4 Team Member Assessment Steps
Identify Individual areas to work on
Identify strengths and opportunity areas of members
Map out plan to get the work done
Map out plan practice/improve on opportunity areas
Start Professionally
Establish credibility and professionalism as a team, When you are not presenting look formal
3 Key Points to Transition Between Speakers
NO need to introduce all speakers at the beginning
1st speaker conclude next speaker will be introduced with small description of what is covered
Look at the audience not the next speaker
Capture Your Audience By
Starting from point A to B, keep objective in site
WITFY
What’s In it for you?
Tell audience it’s importance to them and yourself
4 Modes for Openers
Factoid, Narration or Anecdote, Question, Quotation.
*Only Use humour if the audience agrees with it’s values, won’t back fire, and doesn’t put audience down
Factoid
Real, Affects reader personally, specific and new to audience
Narration or Anecdote
A very short story with what happened to you, and how it connects you to the audience. Must be interesting, real, recent, and links to the topic
3 Criteria for opening with a question
Something audience cares about, something to which there is an answer, something the audience doesn’t already know
3 Criteria for opening with a Quotaiton
From someone audience knows and trusts, concise and memorable, and relevant
5 Different Message Transitions
Opening to Agenda Agenda to Background Background to key Points Transition Between Points Transition to Wrap Up
Opening to Agenda
Talk about the main points/ flow of presentation
Agenda to back Ground
Offer Audience a context to the presentation Topic
Background to Key points
State key point
Between Points
Let the audience know you’re moving on, “my next point is”
Transition to Wrap Up
Develop a sentence tot ell the audience you are ready to conclude
3 Aspects to Wrapping Up
Summarize key points, remind audience about benefits, call for action
Question and Answer Tips
Don’t praise questions, divert comments vs. questions, rephrase the question positively,
