Mid Term Quiz Flashcards
Less than 1 part
Very soluble
1 to 10 parts
Freely soluble
10 to 30 parts
Soluble
30 to 100 parts
Sparingly soluble
100 to 1000 parts
Slightly soluble
1000 to 10000 parts
Very slightly soluble
More than 10 000 parts
Practically insoluble
What are the factors influencing solubility of a solute in a solvent?
Pressure
Temperature
The nature of the solute
pH of the medium
Changes in pressure have most affect on what?
Gas
Pressure increases…
Solubility increases
What is salting out phenomenon?
Adding sugar to the gaseous beverages will cause the release of the gas and the liquid to outside of the bottle
What happens to the solubility of a gas in a liquid when temperature increases?
Generally Solubility decreases
What happens to the solubility of a solid in a liquid when temperature increases?
Generally Solubility increase
Examples of polar solvents
Water, glycols, methyl and ethyl alcohol
What do polar solvents dissolve?
Ionic solutes and the polar substances
What are the structural features that the solubility of substances in polar solvents depend?
Non polar solvents are unable to do what?
Reduce the attraction between the ions due to their low dielectric constants
They are unable to form hydrogen bonds with….
Non-electrolytes
Non-polar solvents can dissolve non-polar solutes through what ?
Weak vander waals forces
Example of non-polar solvent
Solutions of oils
What are semi-polar solvents?
Seme-polar solvents can at as what?
Intermediate solvent to bring about the missibility of polar and non polar liquids
As the pH increase what happens to solubility of acidic drugs ?
Solubility increases
What is the pH equation for the acidic drugs
As the pH decreases what happens to solubility of basic drugs?
Solubility increases
What is the pH equation for basic drugs?
What is the Noyes-Whitney equation ?
What are factors that are directly proportional to the rate?
Area
Diffusion coefficient
Concentration gradient
What improves bioavailability?
Griseofulvin
Digoxin
Tetracycline
How to increase surface area
Reducing particle size
How can you reduce particle size?
Mortar and pestle
Mechanical grinders
Fluid energy mills
Solid dispersions in readily soluble materials (PEG’s)
What will reduce the thickness?
Agitation
What does diffusion coefficient depend on?
Size of the molecule
Viscosity
Temperature
How does particle size affect diffusion coefficient?
Particle size increases the diffusion coefficient decrease
How does viscosity affect diffusion coefficient?
Viscosity increases the diffuser coefficient decreases
How does temperature affect diffusion coefficient?
Temperature increases diffusion coefficient increases
In general the compounds solubility increases…
Dissolution rate increases
What is sink conditions?
When Cb is much smaller than Cs so Cb is canceled from the equation
