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Human COM > Mid Term for COMM > Flashcards

Mid Term for COMM Flashcards

1
Q

Why do we communicate

A

“to get something done”

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2
Q

Hierarchy of Needs

A

Self Actualization, Self esteem, Love/Belonging, Safety, Basic Needs

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3
Q

What is physical needs

A

Communication enhances our physical needs

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4
Q

Instrumental and Task Needs

A

For example, without communication we could not exchange phone numbers, relay sales figures, share a diagnosis with a patient, or even build a bridge.

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5
Q

Relational Needs

A

In addition to personal health and safety, we need companionship with others.

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6
Q

Identity Needs

A

Our conversations with others help shape how we see ourselves.

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7
Q

We communicate to fulfill what needs?

A

All needs

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8
Q

Spiritual Needs

A

As individuals, regardless of our faiths, we use communication to satisfy our longing for answers regarding these profound questions that cannot be directly answered.

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9
Q

Understanding How We Communicate

A

Communication takes many different forms

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10
Q

The Building Blocks of Communication

A

Many disciplines break down their subject matter into things called units of analysis—what the researcher is trying to understand or study.

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11
Q

units of analysis

A

what the researcher is trying to understand or study

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12
Q

Physical Noise

A

Other sounds (people talking, air conditioner, shuffling papers, etc.)

Visual barriers

Poor volume and projection

Distractions in the room

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13
Q

Psychological Noise

A

Preoccupation with other thoughts

Emotional reaction to the topic

Prejudice or ill will toward the speaker

Unwillingness to listen

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14
Q

Examples of channel in the models of communication include:

A

text messages, TV, radio, your own voice, etc…

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15
Q

Physiological Noise:

A

Hunger, tiredness, and other bodily limitations

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16
Q

Al was talking to her mom about work, but was distracted by the recent death of her dog. This is an example of which of the following?

A

Noise; psychological

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17
Q

communication competence

A

The effectiveness of communication refers to how well it achieves its purpose, and embedded within this definition is the idea that the strategic choices we make about how we communicate with others in a given situation directly influence the degree to which our message can be successful

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18
Q

Self-Awareness

A

A competent communicator pays attention to his or her behaviors and comments, and how those influence or affect other people

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19
Q

self-monitoring

A

The process of being attuned to how our actions and messages impact others

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20
Q

Responsiveness and Adaptability

A

Responding to others and adapting your messages and behaviors in different social situations is an important skill exhibited by competent communicators.

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21
Q

Spencer walks into the library and shouts “hello!” to a friend across the room. Everyone else in the room stares at Spencer and his friend cringes. Spencer takes note of their reactions and uses a whisper the next time he speaks. Which characteristic of a competent communicator does Spencer possess?

A

Responsiveness and adaptability

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22
Q

Person-Centered Messages

A

when you think about yourself a lot

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23
Q

Cognitive Complexity

A

is the ability to recognize multiple ways in which a situation or message could be understood or interpreted.

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24
Q

You and your friend are discussing a political issue. You know that your friend holds opposing viewpoints to you, so you are careful to state your position in a way that does not offend them or prompt them to become defensive. Which aspect of a competent communicator are you demonstrating?

A

Ethics and civility

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25
Q

CH2 Q1:what is culture?

A

is defined as “the distinctive ideas, customs, social behavior, products, or way of life of a particular nation, society, people, or period.”

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26
Q

Perception

A

is how we establish meaning for our experience of the world around us and the people in it.

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27
Q

What is a co-culture

A

a sub group or smaller group of the bigger culture.

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28
Q

High power distance culture

A

Cultures with high power distance have high levels of inequality in power distribution in organizations, families, and other institutions,

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29
Q

low power distance cultures

A

cultures with low power distance have less inequality.

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30
Q
A
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31
Q

High Uncertainty Avoidance Culture

A

Cultures with high uncertainty avoidance have a low tolerance for ambiguity and minimize the possibility of uncomfortable, unstructured situations by enforcing strict rules, safety measures, and a belief in absolute truth

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32
Q

Masculine Culture

A

In masculine cultures, men are typically highly assertive and competitive, and women are somewhat assertive and competitive.

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33
Q

Which scenario below best represents individualistic culture?

A

Sam lives only with her immediate family.

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34
Q

Long-term Orientation Culture

A

Cultures with long-term orientation are pragmatic and focus on future rewards, with an emphasis on saving, persistence, and adaptation.

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35
Q

Feminine Culture

A

In feminine cultures, men and women are both much more modest and caring.

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36
Q

Indulgent Culture

A

Indulgent cultures freely allow gratification of desires that allow individuals to enjoy life and have fun.

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37
Q

Short-term Orientation Culture

A

Cultures with short-term orientation focus on the present and past and emphasize national pride, tradition, social obligations, and saving “face” in the here and now.

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38
Q

Restrained Culture

A

Restrained cultures have strict social norms and discourage acting simply out of want.

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39
Q

Race and Ethnicity in Culture

A

Race is a common cultural marker as well as a demographic category we find on college and job applications, census data, and other types of reports.

Another cultural marker that developed due to the close proximity of people is ethnicity, but ethnicity should not be confused with race.

40
Q

Individualist Culture

A

Individualistic societies have loose ties between individuals and expect each person to look out for himself or herself and his or her immediate family.

41
Q

Javier’s family goes on vacation every year for spring break. Javier likely belongs to which type of culture?

A

Indulgent

42
Q

Low Uncertainty Avoidance Culture

A

Cultures with low uncertainty avoidance have fewer rules, take risks, and are tolerant of change.

43
Q

Tannen believes that, more than anything else, women seek:

A

Human Connection

44
Q

Sex, Gender, and Sexual Orientation

A

sex refers to a person’s biological classification as male, female, or intersex (a general term that stands for a range of situations that do not fit the typical binary groups of male or female) based on their reproductive organs and chromosomes.

Gender is a social construction that includes all of the beliefs, attitudes, actions, and roles associated with being masculine, feminine, androgynous, and so on

Gender identity includes a person’s sense of self as being along a range of possibilities that include identifying as a woman, non-binary, genderqueer, agender, or a man.

45
Q

Gender is a social construction that includes all of the __________ associated with being masculine, feminine, androgynous and so on.

A

beliefs, attitudes, actions, and roles

46
Q

Collectivist Culture

A

Collectivist cultures have strong ties between individuals, strong communal bonds, and often live in extended families that are deeply loyal to the group.

47
Q

Three Stages of the Perception Process

A

Stage #1: selection. We learn at a very early age that our five senses enable us to know the world around us

Stage #2: organization. Once we choose an experience to attend to, we classify it by determining which things we already know that are and are not similar to it.

Stage #3: interpretation. Noticing something and even categorizing the experience does not complete the perception process; you still must provide it with its meaning.

48
Q

expectancy violations theory

A

we hold expectancies for what is appropriate and/or typical for a type of person (a grocery store clerk) or a specific relationship partner (our brother).

49
Q

Perception

A

Physical influences,

Cultural influences play a significant role in how we perceive things, more so than what we recognize,

Occupational influences. What we do for a living also influences what we see and how we see it.

Psychological influences and biases.

There are a variety of other psychological influences that play a role in our perceptions. The first, and perhaps most familiar, of these is stereotyping

50
Q

Egocentrism.

A

The final influence on perception we will cover is our own capacity to focus on how things affect ourselves

51
Q

the five canons of rhetoric

A

Invention: identifying the topic on which you willspeak
Arrangement: determining the order in which you will address points related to the topic
Style:thewordsandphrasesyouusetomakethetopicinteresting
Delivery: the physical and vocal dimensions ofspeaking
Memory: remembering the entire speech (much more important during classical days than it istoday)

52
Q

Our self-concept

A

(also known a identity) is the image that we have about who we believe we are.

53
Q

Are self concepts shaped by others?

A

YES

54
Q

Of Aristotle’s five canons of rhetoric, which one is “the physical dimensions of speaking?”

A

Delivery

55
Q

Artifacts

A

In addition to demographics, taking a careful look at your audience and surroundings can also provide information about them.

56
Q

Is This Topic Appropriate for Me?

A

After you consider your audience and the occasion, you also should make sure your topic is appropriate for you. Is this topic something you care about?

57
Q

Is This Topic Narrow Enough?

A

Find a speech topic that is not too hard to find data on

58
Q

Audience Analysis and Adaptation

A

Demographics are categories of definable characteristics of groups of people, such as age, sex, race, ethnicity, religion, political affiliation, socioeconomic status, education level, and sexual orientation.

59
Q

Informants

A

An informant is a contact person within the organization or group from whom you can obtain information about your audience.

60
Q

Polling the Audience

A

Oftentimes, you will not have the time or opportunity to conduct a survey with your audience in advance. This does not, however, mean it is impossible to ask your audience a question.

61
Q

Conducting Research

A

Knowing about your audience can also help you determine which information will be most effective in delivering your message

62
Q

Direct Observation

A

During your speech, you will also be able to see your audience’s nonverbal feedback, which will provide cues about how they are reacting to specific aspects of your message.

63
Q
A
64
Q

Sources of Information

A

Peer-reviewed academic journal articles

Books

Magazines and newspapers

Web and media sources

Interviews with an expert or peer

65
Q

thesis statement

A

is a one-sentence summary of your speech that is written the way you will say it out loud to your audience during your speech

66
Q

Introductions

A

The first thing your audience hears from you is the introduction. If you do not have a clear and organized introduction, then you risk losing your audience immediately

67
Q

Attention getter

A

The first thing you need to accomplish in your introduction

68
Q

Relevance to audience

A

After you have captured your audience’s attention, you will need to provide any necessary background information and clearly establish the relevance of the topic for your audience.

69
Q

Speaker credibility

A

In the third part of your introduction, you need to establish your credibility as a speaker.

70
Q

Thesis

A

Your thesis is a one-sentence summary of your speech that serves as an umbrella covering all of the topics you will cover.

71
Q

Conclusions

A

The conclusion of your speech is your final chance to impact your audience

72
Q

Signal conclusion

A

After you have delivered the body of your speech, you need to indicate to the audience you are ready to begin the conclusion.

73
Q

Review thesis and main points

A

After you signal that you are beginning the conclusion, you should summarize your speech by restating the thesis and main points of your speech.

74
Q

What is a clincher?

A

A clincher is the final statement of your speech.

75
Q

The full-sentence preparation outline

A

includes everything that you plan to say in your speech

76
Q

Which is not true about eye contact?

A

Use a spot on the wall to give the illusion of good eye contact

77
Q

Objects

A

A speech about an object is a speech about a tangible item. O

78
Q

Processes

A

A speech about a process is a speech that explains the steps needed to accomplish something, and these presentations are usually arranged chronologically.

79
Q

Events

A

A speech about an event is a speech that focuses on something that happened, is happening, or might happen at some point in the future.

80
Q

Concepts

A

A speech about a concept explains an abstract idea instead of a concrete object.

81
Q

Strategies to Help Your Audience Understand

A

Use repetition

Provide rewards

Show and tell.

Build on what your audience already knows

Use humor

Check for understanding

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90
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91
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97
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Human COM (1 decks)

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