Mid Term exam Flashcards
what is an irrelevant city in music?
new brunswick
which of the following is a famous b bop artist?
Thelonius monk
jelly roll morton was a party of which jazz era?
new orleans jazz era
bebop was a reaction to which of the following styles?
swing
which of these musicians can be considered to be a founder of bebop?
dizzy guilespe
in new orleans jazz was commonly played in an area called?
storyville
sweet swing focused on which of the following?
composition
why was louis armstrong very important to the development of jazz?
he was the great improvisor
charlie parker was at the forefront of which of these styles?
bebop
which of the following was not a predecessor of jazz?
rhythm and blues
chicago style evolved from?
the new orleans style (white musicians started playing in it was called chicago school)
thelonius monk was known for playing?
clusters on a piano
true or false, sweet swing was less rhythmic than hot swing?
true
true or false, bebop was directly derived from ragtime?
false
true or false, angular melodies were common in sweet swing?
false, angular melodies were most common in bebop
what was the progress of music?
blues to spirituals to marching band to ragtime to new orleans jazz to chicago then to swing and then to bebop
true or false, clarinet was a common instrument in new orleans jazz
true
true or false, an average big band was between 15-18 members?
true
true or false, ragtim features jumpy rhytms
true
true or false, blues were a form of cathardic self expression
true
big bands were split into?
4 different sections of different groups of instruments
_____ was a bebop musician?
charlie parker or gilupsie
in bebop that meoldy was often played by two horns in?
unison or alignment or togetherness (focus on concept he looking for not exact words)
duke ellington wrote music that was considered to be?
innovative or modern
count basie’s band was an example of a ______ swing band?
hot swing
jazz was invented around the year?
1900
in addition to play very fast, bebop musicians play______?
very slow and complicated melodies
the ______ resulted in african americans moving north?
emancipation proclamation
stride piano playing is closest to the style of music called (or descendant of)?
ragtime
when was jazz most popular?
during swing era
fletcher henderson?
earliest swing band leader, helped divide big band into different sections.
duke ellington?
most innovative early jazz musician
count basie led?
one of the best swing bands that played in kansas city
what is a shout chorus?
whole group of trombone players do a solo together
what is the format of the bebop tune?
during melody portion of the song, both of the horn players either played meoldy by itself or played in unison, after playing melody once thru all musicians played a solo
what is the form of blues?
AAB with problem problem solution or problem problem and nex thing and last thing is thing that gets added on
catharsis?
form of release by getting feelings out there u therefore feel better
who was scott joplin?
most famous and successful ragtime composer from texas but moved to misouri and settled in st louis.
when did ragtime come about?
1890s-1910s
what is ragtime?
a piano style formed based on “coon songs”, banjo “ragging” and marching bands, st louis missouri is hub for this music. music characterized by a syncopated melodic line and regularly accented accompaniment, evolved by black American musicians in the 1890s and played especially on the piano.
difference between delta blues and city blues?
city blues is when male vocals are placed with women vocal. instead of one musician have a small band with some instruments we expect from jazz like trombone, trumpet, and piano
how did field hollers and work songs affect jazz?
The blues evolved from hymns, work songs, and field hollers — music used to accompany spiritual, work and social functions. Blues is the foundation of jazz as well as the prime source of rhythm and blues, rock ‘n’ roll, and country music.
john lomax
September 23, 1867 – January 26, 1948)
alan lomax
Lomax produced recordings, concerts, and radio shows in the US and in England, which played an important role in preserving folk music traditions in both countries, and helped start both the American and British folk revivals of the 1940s, 1950s and early 1960s
what other types of music helped form jazz?
- ragtime
- blues
- orchestras (western and creole) (creoles had their own orchestras)
- brass bands
- congo square
- “popular songs”
- minstrel shows/vaudeville
- folk music
what is the 3 part melody (N.O Jazz counterpoint)?
counterpoint is all about how you take different melodies and combine them
- N.O. Jazz split the horns into 3 distinct roles
1. trumpet (athletic: can move around notes)
2. clarinet (highly athletic: can play many notes back and fourth)
3. trombone (slow: more basic and compliments the other two)
bass: two beat pattern
what is storyville?
place where people performed jazz music and there were brothels. center for where soldiers and stuff went. viewed as an area rife with sin
why did they shut storyville down?
soldiers started going away with STDs
what are the instruments in a standard jazz group? 7 of them
- trumpet
- clarinet
- trombone
- piano
- guitar/banjo
- tuba/bass
- drums (trap set)
how did jazz change when it arrived to chicago?
1st time white people started playing jazz, lost 3 part melody (louis armstrong) improvisatory skill of musicians improved as well
what is the chicago school?
youth movement of white musicians learning to play jazz, ancestors to sweet swing
louis armstrong?
coming to prominence in the 1920s as an “inventive” trumpet and cornet player, Armstrong was a foundational influence in jazz, shifting the focus of the music from collective improvisation to solo performance.
format of bebop tune?
intro, melody’s, solos, melody (outro)
dropping bombs?
bass drums
contrafacts?
soundstaking, popular audios + creating new songs from them to get around copyrights
what was the drumming style of bebop?
swing drumming was mostly pattern based
thelonius monk influence? and when was he around?
introduced a new approach to rhythm. 1940s–1973
what were the jam session in bebop?
late night jam session where they freestyled and performed for their own sake. experiemented with new sounds built off the best of the swing soloists
charlie parker? what did he do and when was he around?
- write the book on “bebop vocabulary”
- creates a whole new set of rules for jazz
- double time aka “doubling up”
- enhaced chromaticism and upper structures
- wrote lots of tunes that are still played today
dizzy gillespie?
- next trumpet star
- incredible harmonic skills and had phrases that were full of style with playful changes in direction
- soloing style
- wrote innovatice music
- adovacate for afro-latin music
- 1940s
style traits of bebop? 4 things
- chords that explore several keys
- chromatic melodies with stronger dissonances
- different chords beind explored
- turns, enclosures etc…
how did musicians remember so much music?
started using sheet music?
why did jazz music leave N.O.?
storyville was closed and therefore the music with it and also because of the great migration
who was fletcher henderson?
- one of the earliest to write music for big band and wrote swing
- starts dance band and work in jazz
- came up with the section approach (call and response)
hot bands?
- big bands had hot bands or sweet bands in addition to how swing and sweet swing (hot bands usually were black artists) sweet bands were usually predominantly white artists)
what were the delta blues?
much like a field holler with guitat/banjo added
- near Mississippi river delta
- usually one dude and a guitar
city blues had what
raunchy lyrics, developed in major metro areas
- strictly adheres to blues form
fletcher henderson
earliest swing band leader, helped divide big band into different section
duke ellington
most innovative early jazz musician
count basie
lead on one of the best swing bands that played in kansas city
glen miller era?
played sweet swing
what is a shout chorus?
whole group of trombone players do a solo together
study listening examples
study listening examples
jelly roll morton?
was an American ragtime and early jazz pianist, bandleader and composer who started his career in New Orleans, Louisiana.
active in 1920s
king oliver?
merican jazz cornet player and bandleader. He was particularly recognized for his playing style and his pioneering use of mutes in jazz.
1920s
how did jazz music evolve in kansas city
lots of blues, lots of long gigs, driving swing feeling
how did music evolve NYC+east coast?
stride
- imrpovised ragtime, but swinging with blues language
- expanded melodic and rhythmic vocabulary
- rent parties
- sets up swing
where did people go from N.O.?
big cities with jobs, locations where blacks had alrady relocated, places with active night life (nyc, chicago, st louis, kansas city)
stop time?
- groove stops
- replaced by short hits
breaks?
- usually at the end of phrases
- gaps left for improvisation
dixieland?
what we call when mainly white artists in places outside of N.O. started copying this sound and imitating it
stride?
had elements of ragtime and jazz and band (maybe)
ragtime style?
AA BB CC DD CC
- employs musical buddy system
ragtime?
songs made by white composers that mocked black styles of music
- part of minstrel shows
- came about as a nother form of supression
- epicenter was missouri especially st louis.
swing music also called? how did it develop?
big band
- musicians grouped together in big cities
- bandleaders became more musically savvy
- jazz became pop music
tempos in bebop changed bc?
they wanted challenge
format of bebop songs? what kind of songs were playing?
- head solos head
- standards, blues, originals
what made jazz music popular?
ot became the soundtrack of high society and a good time and it was a fun style of music played in a lot of social places
what was the instrumentaton of a big band (sections)?
- bass
- sax/clarinet
- rhythm section
styistic traits of swing?
- homophony more than polyphony
- focus on groove
- singers and soloists take the lead
- need musical literacy
- working in teams with the band
count basie orchestra?
- from KC
- looooooong gigs (great coordination and soloists)
- head charts
sweet swing?
”Sweet” Swing (people like Glenn Miller) – had less improvisation, was a bit slower, restrained with a slight swing feel, and was for the white upper class dinner parties.
hot swing?
“Hot” Swing (people like Duke Ellington) – was more daring, experimental, faster, with longer improvisations, stronger rhythmic drive, and a rough blues feeling.
kenny clarke?
major innovator of the bebop style of drumming, he pioneered the use of the Ride cymbal to keep time rather than the hi-hat, along with the use of the bass drum for irregular accents.
- 1950s
glenn miller orchestra?
-late 30s early 40s
