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Family Life Cycle > Mid-Term Exam > Flashcards

Mid-Term Exam Flashcards

0
Q

What is enmeshment?

A

Minuchin’s term for loss of autonomy due to a blurring of psychological boundaries (over-involvement and too much closeness between family members.

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1
Q

What is Fusion?

A

Bowen’s term for blurring of psychological boundaries between self and others, and a containment of emotional and intellectual functioning.

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2
Q

What is Disengagment?

A

Minuchin’s term for psychological isolation that results from overly rigid boundaries around individuals and subsystems in a family.

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3
Q

What is differentiation?

A

Bowen’s term for psychological separation of intellect and emotions, and independence of self from others.

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4
Q

What are DeShazier’s 4 questions and what method is he associated with?

A
  • -How much do each of you want this marriage?
  • -What keeps you together?
  • -What is the greatest value that each things the other brings to the marriage?
  • -The frequency and quality of the sexual relationship?

–Solutions-focused therapy

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5
Q

What is FOO?

A

Family of origin. Thoughts, beliefs, actions that come from the family you were born into/grew up in.

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6
Q

What is a genogram?

A

A schematic diagram of the generational family, listings family members and their relationships to one another; includes patterns of behavior, and critical events such as deaths, births, geographical locations and rites of passage. Bowen believes this needs to be at least 3 generations of depiction.

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7
Q

As a therapist, why do you need benchmarks for a couple?

A

So that you know where they fall on various scales of the relationship.

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8
Q

What is the R-DAS?

A

The Revised Dyadic Adjustment Scale. Used to to measure Consensus: how often do they agree or disagree; Satisfaction: how satisfied are they; Cohesion: how well do the mesh together, do things together.

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9
Q

What are the parts of the Marriage Complexity Pie Chart and name the factors that may affect it

A
  1. the Individual: what you bring to the relationship
  2. Emotional tone: the “want to” in the relationship, desire for it
  3. Interactional: the patterns and dynamics of the relationship
    Affected by : External crises (unanticipated) and developmental crises, based in the stages of the marital life cycle
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10
Q

What is marriageability?

A

The ability to do relationships and marriage. Can include emotional health, the ability to relate healthily to people. having the personal charactersitics to allow him/her to successfully engage someone in an intimate relationship

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11
Q

What is “state versus trait”?

A

Is this just a state the individual is currently in, or is this a trait of their character or personality?

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12
Q

What are the 3 categories of “unsafe people”

A
  1. Reasonable: therapist is able to help them out of their traps
  2. Moderately safe/disordered: limit their influence
  3. Significantly safe/disordered: pursue necessary self-protection
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13
Q

What is compatibility?

A

Shared values, being able to share an experience rather than it be all about “me and my needs.”

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14
Q

What are the things that make up individuality?

A
  1. Overachiever or underachiever?
  2. Temperment
  3. Beliefs and values
  4. Family of origin (FOO)
  5. Family constellation (birth order, blended or not)
  6. The self or general well-being of emotional maturity
  7. Psychological factors - depression, schizophrenia, eating disorders, OCD
  8. Gender factors
  9. Life experiences (outside of FOO)
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15
Q

Define marital disaffection

A

the gradual loss of emotional attachment and an increasing sense of apathy and indifference towards one’s spouse. The replacement of positive affection with neutral.

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16
Q

Define marital dissatisfaction

A

a perceived low degree of adjustment or unhappiness with a relationship

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17
Q

Define marital breakdown

A

the decline in attractiveness of the relationship, turbulence in feelings about the relationship, disturbance in its conduct

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18
Q

Define marital dissolution

A

The ending or permanent dismemberment of a relationship and usually involves legal act of divorce or permanent separation

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19
Q

Define marital instability

A

the propensity to dissolve the marriage, even though dissolution may not be the final outcome.

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20
Q

Name 3 of the biggest contributors to marital disaffection (Karen Kayser)

A

Partner’s controlling behavior, lack of responsibility, lack of emotional support

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21
Q

Name the 3 phase of Marital Disaffection (Karen Kayser)

A
  1. Disappointment: involves anger and hurt disillusionment; attempts are made to solve problems unilaterally, try to please partner, avoidant and passive coping strategies used
  2. Between disappointment and disaffection: intense anger and hurt, continues to try to problem solve but more directly confronts partner about problems; begins physical and emotional withdrawal
  3. Reaching disaffection: anger, apathy, hopeless; actions to dissolve marriage; attempts at problem solving, seeks counseling, usually to help disengage
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22
Q

The four characteristics of disaffection

A

Despair, defeat, disregard and disengagement

23
Q

What are family rules (Minuchin)

A

a descriptive term for redundant behavioral patterns

24
Q

Define Family homeostasis (Minuchin

A

tendencies of families to resist change in order to maintain a steady state.

25
Q

Define equilibrium

A

balance symmetry, stability

26
Q

What is explicit communication

A

That which is stated verbally

27
Q

What is implicit communicatoin

A

That which is non-verbal, through tone, facial expression, body language - metacommunication.

28
Q

What was Virginia Satir known for?

A

Experiential therapy, communiation styles: palcate, blame, compute, distract. She developed interactional games for therapy, such as rescue games, coalition games, lethal games and growth games–all involved playing out styles of communication

29
Q

What was Donald Jackson known for?

A

Looks at marriages through the lenses of Complementarity and power. Rigid Complementary is between different levels (superior and inferior), symmetrical a power struggle; Fluctuating complementary is egalitarian. Also Pseudohostility (continuous bickering to maintain relatedness) and pseudomutuality (a facade of surface harmony that family develops to give an impress that there are good relationships.

30
Q

What is David Olson known for?

A

Communication & Intimacy styles: 6 combinations, using passive, aggressive and assertive. Only healthy one is Assertive/assertive.

31
Q

What is family map:

A

It’s connected with Minuchin and it maps the current, immediate family structure - in the moment. It is looking for affiliations/coalitions and conflicts between members.

32
Q

What is Sternberg’s Model of Love?

A

8 types, involving various combinations of passion, intimacy and commitment. Non-love, infatuation, Liking, Romantic Love, Companionate Love, Fatuous Love, Empty Love, Consummate Love

33
Q

What is Donald Harvey known for?

A
  • -Looking for health through balance in several areas: Rigid-complementary systems (is there a balance in power and function?)
  • -Distancer/Pursuer dynamics: is there balance in emotional investment and giving?
  • -Empty Marriages: dealing: failing to deal with conflict leads to “walls,” cutoffs and resentment. No balance in time and focus, life gets in the way and couples drift apart.
34
Q

What are David Olson’s 5 types of marriages?

A

Devitalized, Conflicted, Traditional, Harmonious, Vitalized

35
Q

What marital programs is David Olson associated with?

A

PREPARE and ENRICH

36
Q

What does the PAIR instrument measure?

A

Intimacy in marriage

37
Q

What are family myths?

A

The explanations/stories that families create to explain something they don’t want to deal with or have known

38
Q

Define 1st and 2nd order change

A

1st order change is going through motions (fake it until you make it), doing it because someone has told you to
2nd order change is when it comes from the heart - doing it because you believe in it

39
Q

What is a cross-generational coalition

A

It is when family members between 2 generations form an alliance

40
Q

What is crucible learning

A

Learning through a situation that forces you to change

41
Q

What is observational learning

A

Learning by watching how others act and incorporating what you learn into your behavior.

42
Q

What is the systemic Communication approach?

A

Emphasizes the explicit level of marriage and asks what are they doing? What is the interactional process? What is going on now (keeping it in the here-and-now)

43
Q

Minuchin’s definition of therapy

A

Therapy is a place where conversations happen that should occur at home, but don’t take place. Therapy places stress on the marriage in order to affect change, getting through 1st to 2nd order change.

44
Q

What type of therapy did Minuchin practice and what is its goal?

A

Structural therapy and the aim is to repair the heirarchy and structure of the family.

45
Q

What is a marital schism?

A

When one parent tries to undermine the worth of another parent by competing for sympathy or support from the children.

46
Q

What is marital skew?

A

A situation in which the psychological disturbance of one parent dominates the family’s interactions
An unreal situation for family members is created so that the family can deal with one member’s disturbance.

47
Q

What is the MII?

A

Marital Interaction Inventory, developed by Dr. Harvey, based on the assumption that healthy communication is characterized by: dealing directly, honestly and appropriately with dissatisfaction and being personally self-disclosing instead of superficial and emotionally closed. Those who fail to deal directly with dissatisfactions are considered conflict avoidant.

48
Q

MOtivations for avoiding conflict

A

Self-protection, Over-protection, Rationalization, Misbelief & Denial

49
Q

Motivations for avoiding intimacy

A

Generic self-protection (I don’t like to share with anyone), Specific self-protection (I don’t want to share with someone in specific)
Minimal need or desire (I don’t have the need or desire)
Role perception: It’s not my role to share
Faulty learning: I never learned to share

50
Q

Expressive and Instrumental roles

A

Expressive: serving social and emotional functions (in traditional families, the wife)
Instrumental: Decision-making and task functions; in traditional families, the husband)

51
Q

What did Knudson-Martin & Mahoney write about?

A

Gender roles: Processes that crate relationship equality

52
Q

What did Sollie write about?

A

Reviewed the changes in gender roles over several decades

53
Q

What did Orr, Miller & Polson write about?

A

The affections of child ADHD on the family and what that means for therapists

54
Q

What did Zimmerman, Holm & Starrels write about?

A

They analyzed a decades worth of self-help relationship books through a feminist lens.

55
Q

What is a subsystem versus a coalition?

A

A subsystem is a smaller group of like individuals within the family system, such as all children, or all the parents, or all the sisters. A coalition is between 2 members in the subsytem

Family Life Cycle (1 decks)

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