Mid-Term: Chapters 1 - 7 Flashcards
Specified behavior expectations for persons occupying specific social positions
Role
the process by which an individual is “molded” by the group into which he or she is seeking acceptance
Situational adjustment
Experiencing grief before a death actually occurs
Anticipatory grief
A plan of action or expected behavior pattern thought to be appropriate for a particular situation
Norm
A process whereby society withdraws from or no longer seeks the individual’s effort
Societal disengagement
Involves the use of needles to redirect the flow of energy within the body to treat illness
Acupuncture
A therapeutic approach to healing that involves a hands on manipulation of bones in the spinal column to relieve pressure on nerves
Chiropractic medicine
Uses the power of suggestion, prayer and faith in God to promote healing
Faith healing
Primarily uses remedies passed down orally from generation to generation
Folk healing
Involves the use of natural drugs to treat patients
Homeopathic medicine
A body of knowledge based upon sensory evidence or empirical observations
Science
A system of beliefs and practices related to the sacred, the supernatural, and/or a set of values to which the individual is very committed
Religion
A set of culturally prescribed actions or behaviors
Rituals
Unusual events or social circumstances that do not occur in normal patterns of social interaction
Marginal situations
The ascription of immortality to the individual by perpetuating the meaning of the person (the self)
Symbolic immortality
The number of deaths of children under 1 year of age per 1,000 live births
Infant mortality rate
The rate of occurrence of a disease
Morbidity
The number of deaths per 1,000 population
Mortality rate
The number of males per 100 females
Sex ratio
The number of years that the average newborn in a particular population can expect to live
Life expectancy
Ways of a society that are felt to be for the good of the society
Mores
Two units regarded as a pair
Dyad
Notice of death, usually with a brief biography
Obituary
The Harvard definition of death
Brain death
A learned emotional response to death-related phenomena characterized by extreme apprehension
Death anxiety
A plan of action or expected behavior pattern thought to be appropriate for a particular situation is a:
Norm
Which is a major criticism of Elisabeth Kubler-Ross’ stages of dying?
Lacks universality
The medical training of most physicians historically seems to be primarily concerned with the patient’s physical state rather than social-psychological needs. (T/F)
True
The dying patient is a deviant in the medical subculture because death poses a threat to the image of the “physician as healer”. (T/F)
True
In which stage of Elisabeth Kubler-Ross’ stages of the dying process does the patient realize that a mistake was not made in reading the x-rays and the prognosis is not good?
Depression
Alzheimer’s disease is a dementing illness of the central nervous system. (T/F)
True
The first stage of Elisabeth Kubler-Ross’ stages of the dying process is:
Shock and disbelief
It is rare for major United States corporations to provide hospice benefits for their employees. (T/F)
False
Which is true regarding AIDS?
- The first diagnosed case of AIDs in the United States was in 1961
- In every age category for AIDS, males outnumber females
- AIDS is the leading cause of death in the United States today
- Currently 90% of the people with AIDS in the United States are over the age of 49
In every age category for AIDS, males outnumber females
Which is true regarding AIDS?
- The first diagnosed case of AIDs in the United States was in 1961
- In every age category for AIDS, males outnumber females
- AIDS is the leading cause of death in the United States today
- Currently 90% of the people with AIDS in the United States are over the age of 49
In every age category for AIDS, males outnumber females
Which is true regarding dying patients?
- 75% of patients are hospitalized at some point during the year before they die
- Dying in America is one activity that by its nature, cannot be bureaucratized
- In American society, for the patient, the hospital is the preferred place to die
- None of the above
75% of patients are hospitalized at some point during the year before they die
From a US perspective, AIDS is the number one cause of death. (T/F)
False
Which is false regarding medical education in the United States?
- Medical schools in the United States have historically offered only limited assistance to the medical student concerning dying and death
- Recent surveys of physicians revealed that they prefer more emphasis on the topic of death and dying in medical schools
- The majority of medical schools in the United States offer a required course in thanatology for students
- The medical training of most physicians historically seems to be primarily concerned with the patient’s physical state rather than social-psychological needs
The majority of medical schools in the United States offer a required course in thanatology for students
Which is true regarding hospice care?
- Hospice people feel that any amount of medication should be given to a patient to remove pain, even if this means sedating him or her
- Hospice believes in allowing the patient to commit suicide if in unbearable pain
- The hospice philosophy states that patients and their families have the right to participate in decisions concerning their care
- None of the above
The hospice philosophy states that patients and their families have the right to participate in decisions concerning their care
The majority of Americans die in an institutional setting, such as a hospital or nursing home. (T/F)
True
What contributes to the fact that physicians are ill prepared to deal with dying patients?
- Lack of personal experience with death
- Lack of training provided by medical schools
- Assumption that physicians are supposed to save lives – thus, the dying patient is a losing battle
Which is not a part of the hospice interdisciplinary team?
- Physicians
- Nurses
- Social workers
- Volunteers
All are part of the team
A dead human body used in medical schools for the purpose of dissection to learn the body parts and systems is properly called:
Cadaver
Which is true regarding the Chinese?
- The Chinese believe that the family and the physician are responsible for the patient’s treatment
- The Chinese favor open and frank talk with the patient regarding his or her terminal condition
- Like the United States, dying in China primarily occurs in an institutional setting
- None of the above
The Chinese believe that the family and the physician are responsible for the patient’s treatment
Younger physicians are more comfortable in dealing with dying patients than are older physicians. (T/F)
False
In China, health care is a state-provided public service; thus, one’s medical expenses while dying would be paid for by the government. (T/F)
True
“Open awareness” is an awareness context whereby the dying patient suspects that he or she is dying but receives no verification from the medical staff. (t/F)
False
Which is true regarding hospice care?
- There are approximately 1200 hospice programs in the United States
- Because the quality of hospice care is more personalized for dying patients, its cost usually exceeds that charged by most acute care hospitals
- It is rare for major United States corporations to provide hospice benefits for their employees
- Some major medical insurance policies provide payment for hospice care
Some major medical insurance policies provide payment for hospice care
The third stage of Elisabeth Kubler-Ross’ stages of the dying process is:
Bargaining
Which is false regarding AIDS?
- From a world perspective, in developing countries, AIDS is a disease of the poor
- In recent years (after 1996) the rates for deaths from AIDS has dropped significantly
- From a world perspective, in developing countries, the AIDS epidemic is considerably worse than had been estimated and the rates of infections are increasing
- From a world perspective, AIDS is the world’s number one cause of death
From a world perspective, in developing countries, AIDS is a disease of the poor
On average, one of every seven health care dollars was spent for services delivered to patients in the final 6 months of life. (T/F)
True
