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Biology 110 > Mid Term Ch.1-9 Definitions > Flashcards

Mid Term Ch.1-9 Definitions Flashcards

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1
Q

abdominal

A

pertaining to the abdomen

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2
Q

absorption

A

intake of nutrients and water by cells in the GI tract

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3
Q

alopecia

A

complete loss of hair

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4
Q

amenorrhea

A

absence or abnormal menstrual flow

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5
Q

anabolism

A

Buildup of substances in the cell; part of metabolism

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6
Q

analgesic

A

Substance reduces the response to pain

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7
Q

anastomosis

A

surgical union of two tubular structures

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8
Q

antibiotic

A

substance that destroys bacteria

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9
Q

antiemetic

A

prevents vomiting

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10
Q

antipyretic

A

reduces fever

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11
Q

benign

A

nonmalignant character of a neoplasm or illness

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12
Q

bilateral

A

on two sides

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13
Q

cancer

A

malignant neoplasm

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14
Q

carcinoma

A

cancerous (malignant) and evasive tumor

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15
Q

catabolism

A

breakdown of complex substances as a part of metabolism

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16
Q

caudal

A

pertaining to or nearer to the tail

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17
Q

celiac

A

pertaining to or nearer to the head

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18
Q

cerebrum

A

brain divided into two hemispheres separated by a fissure

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19
Q

cervix

A

the lower part of the uterus

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20
Q

chancre

A

primary lesion of syphilis

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21
Q

chemotherapy

A

treatment using chemical agents

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22
Q

choledocholithiasis

A

presence of a gallstone in the common bile duct

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23
Q

circumcision

A

to remove part or all of the prepuce

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24
Q

cirrhosis

A

extensive fibrotic liver disease

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25
Q

colon

A

the large intestine, extending from the cecum to the rectum

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26
Q

colostomy

A

artificial opening from the colon to the outside of the body

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27
Q

contusion

A

bruising of a tissue

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28
Q

coronal

A

pertaining to the vertical plane dividing the body into anterior and posterior portions

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29
Q

computerized tomography (CT scan)

A

diagnostic tool for detecting diseases and injuries

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30
Q

cytology

A

study of a cell

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31
Q

decubitus ulcer

A

sore caused by lying down for long periods of time

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32
Q

dental

A

pertaining to the teeth

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33
Q

dermatitis

A

inflammation of the skin

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34
Q

dermatologist

A

specialist in disease of the skin

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35
Q

dermatology

A

study of the skin

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36
Q

diagnosis

A

determination of the cause of a disease

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37
Q

diarrhea

A

abnormally frequent and loose stool

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38
Q

distal

A

away from the center of the body

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39
Q

diverticulitis

A

inflammation of the diverticula

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40
Q

dudoenum

A

1st part of the small intestine; about 9 to 10 inches in length

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41
Q

dysphagia

A

difficulty swallowing

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42
Q

eczema

A

inflammatory skin disease often with a discharge

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43
Q

electroencephalogram

A

record of the electrical activity of the brain

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44
Q

enamel

A

hard substance covering a tooth

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45
Q

encephalitis

A

inflammation of the brain cells and tissues

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46
Q

endogastric

A

pertaining to the inside of the stomach

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47
Q

epilepsy

A

chronic brain disorder due to paroxysmal excessive neuronal discharge

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48
Q

episiotomy

A

surgical incision into the vulva

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49
Q

fibroid

A

uterine tumor resembling fibrous tissue

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50
Q

follicle

A

spherical mass of cells with a cavity or small cul-de-sac (like a hair follicle)

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51
Q

gamete

A

an egg cell (female) or sperm (male)

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52
Q

gastroenterologist

A

specialist in the stomach and intestines

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53
Q

generic name

A

nonproprietary name of a drug

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54
Q

gestation

A

carrying of egg in uterus

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55
Q

gingivitis

A

inflammation of the gums

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56
Q

gonads

A

testes or ovary

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57
Q

gonorrhea

A

contagious STD infection

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58
Q

gynecologist

A

specialist of the female reproductive system

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59
Q

gyrus

A

rounded elevations on the surface of the cerebral hemispheres

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60
Q

hematemesis

A

vomiting of blood

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61
Q

hematuria

A

blood in the urine

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62
Q

hepatitis

A

inflammation of the liver

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63
Q

hepatomegaly

A

abnormal enlargement of the liver

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64
Q

histology

A

structure and function of cells, tissues, and organs

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65
Q

homeostasis

A

stability of a system or the body’s internal environment

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66
Q

human papilloma virus (HPV)

A

causes warts on the skin and genitalia; can increase risk of cervical cancer

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67
Q

hydrocephalus

A

enlarged head due to excess CSF in the cerebral ventricles

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68
Q

hysterectomy

A

surgical removal of uterus

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69
Q

iatrogenic

A

pertaining to illness caused by medical examination or treatment

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70
Q

idiopathic

A

pertaining to a disease of unknown etiology

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71
Q

ileum

A

3rd portion of the small intestine

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72
Q

incontinence

A

inability to prevent discharge of urine or feces

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73
Q

intervertebral

A

space between two vertebrae

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74
Q

intradermal

A

within the dermis

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75
Q

intussusception

A

slipping of one part of the bowel inside of another to cause obstruction

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76
Q

jaundice

A

yellow staining of tissues

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77
Q

lactation

A

production of milk

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78
Q

laparoscopy

A

examination of the abdomen using an endoscope

79
Q

lithotripsy

A

crushing stones by sound waves

80
Q

malignant

A

capable of invading surrounding tissues and metastasizing to distant organs

81
Q

mammography

A

x ray examination of the breast

82
Q

medulla

A

central portion of a structure surrounded by a cortex

83
Q

melanin

A

black pigment found in the skin, hair, and retina

84
Q

melanoma

A

malignant neoplasm formed from cells that produce melanin

85
Q

melena

A

the passage of black, tarry stools

86
Q

meningitis

A

acute infectious disease of children and young adults

87
Q

meningomyelocele

A

protrusion of the spinal cord and meninges through a defect in the vertebral arch of one or more vertebrae

88
Q

menopause

A

permanent ending of menstrual periods

89
Q

menses

A

blood and other matter discharged from the uterus at menstruation

90
Q

metabolism

A

constant changing of physical and chemical processors in the cell

91
Q

metastasis

A

spread of a disease from one part of the body to another

92
Q

micturition

A

passing urine

93
Q

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

A

test using a magnet and radio waves to take pictures of the inside of the body

94
Q

mutation

A

change in the chemistry of a gene

95
Q

neoplasm

A

a new growth of a benign or malignant tumor

96
Q

nephrectomy

A

surgical removal of kidneys

97
Q

nephrolithotomy

A

incision for a removal of a stone

98
Q

neuron

A

a nerve cell

99
Q

neuropathy

A

disease of the nervous system

100
Q

nocturia

A

excessive urination at night

101
Q

nuclear medicine

A

procedures used to make diagnosis using radioactive material

102
Q

obstetrician

A

dr that specializes in pregnant women

103
Q

obstetrics

A

specializing in the care of pregnant women

104
Q

oncology

A

the study of cancer

105
Q

orchiectomy

A

removal of both testes

106
Q

pallor

A

paleness of skin

107
Q

palsy

A

paralysis from brain damage

108
Q

pap test

A

examination of cells taken from the cervix

109
Q

parenteral

A

giving medication by means other than gastrointestinal tract

110
Q

Parkinson’s disease

A

disease of muscular rigidity, tremors, and a masklike facial expression

111
Q

Parkinson’s disease

A

disease of muscular rigidity, tremors, and a masklike facial expression

112
Q

pathology

A

study of diseases

113
Q

pediatrician

A

dr that specialize in children

113
Q

pediatrician

A

dr that specialize in children

114
Q

pedis

A

foot

115
Q

peristalsis

A

moving food along the digestive tract

116
Q

peritoneal

A

pertaining to the lateral part (fibula) of the lower leg

117
Q

pharmacology

A

science of preparation, use, and the effects of drugs

118
Q

posterior

A

pertaining to the back of the body

119
Q

postpartum

A

after childbirth

120
Q

prenatal

A

before birth

121
Q

prone

A

laying facedown on your stomach

122
Q

prostate

A

organ surrounding the urethra

123
Q

proteinuria

A

presence of protein in urine

124
Q

proximal

A

located nearest to the center of the body

125
Q

pruritus

A

itching

126
Q

psoriasis

A

rash that has a reddish, silver-scaled patches

127
Q

puberty

A

maturing from child to young adult capable of reproducing

128
Q

pyelonephritis

A

inflammation of the kidney and renal pelvis

129
Q

quadriplegia

A

paralysis of all four limbs

130
Q

radiation

A

the spreading out of anatomical parts

131
Q

radiology

A

study of medical imaging

132
Q

radiotherapy

A

treatment using radiation

133
Q

remission

A

period in which there is a lessening or absence of the symptoms of a disease

134
Q

saggital

A

pertaining to a vertical plane through the body; dividing them into left and right portions

135
Q

salpingectomy

A

surgical removal of the fallopian tubes

136
Q

sarcoma

A

malignant tumor originating in connective tissue

137
Q

scabies

A

skin disease produced by urine

138
Q

scleroderma

A

thickening and hardening of the skin due to new collagen formation

139
Q

scrotum

A

sac containing the testes

140
Q

septicemia

A

infection of the blood

141
Q

sphincter

A

muscles around an opening

142
Q

spina bifida

A

failure of ventricle arches to close during fetal development

143
Q

stroke

A

disease caused by impaired cerebral circulation

144
Q

sublingual

A

under the tongue

145
Q

superior

A

above

146
Q

supine

A

lying face up; flat on your spine

147
Q

syncope

A

temporary loss of consciousness and postural due to diminished cerebral blood flow

148
Q

syphilis

A

STD caused by a spirochete

149
Q

testicle

A

male reproductive organ

150
Q

toxicology

A

study of poisons

151
Q

trade name

A

the name a business uses for advertising and sales purposes

152
Q

tranquilizer

A

agent that calms without sedating or depressing

153
Q

transdermal

A

going across or through the skin

154
Q

transverse

A

the horizontal plane dividing into upper and lower portions

155
Q

tumor

A

an abnormal swelling

156
Q

ultrasound

A

use of very high frequency sound waves

157
Q

uremia

A

complex symptoms caused by renal failure

158
Q

urethra

A

canal leading from the bladder to the outside

159
Q

urethrotomy

A

incision of a stricture of the urethra

160
Q

urination

A

passing urine

161
Q

urologist

A

specializes in disorders of the urinary system

162
Q

vagus

A

10th cranial nerve; supplies different organs throughout the body

163
Q

varices

A

swollen veins

164
Q

vasectomy

A

surgical procedure for male sterilization

165
Q

ventral

A

pertaining to the stomach; nearer to the center of the body

166
Q

verruca

A

wart caused by a virus

167
Q

viscera

A

pertaining to internal organs

168
Q

voiding

A

urinating

169
Q

aneurysm

A

dilation of an artery

170
Q

abduction

A

moving away from the midline

171
Q

acid

A

substance with a Ph balance below 7

172
Q

addiction

A

psychological dependence on a substance or practice

173
Q

adduction

A

moving toward the midline

174
Q

agglutinate

A

stick together to form clumps

175
Q

albumin

A

simple, soluble protein

176
Q

alkaline

A

substance with a Ph balance over 7

177
Q

allergen

A

producing hypersensitive or allergic reaction

178
Q

alveolus/alveloli

A

small empty or hollow sac

179
Q

Alzheimer disease

A

common form of dementia

180
Q

anaphylaxis

A

immediate severe allergic response

181
Q

anemia

A

decreased number of blood cells

182
Q

angiogenesis

A

growth of new blood vessels

183
Q

angioplasty

A

recanalization of blood vessels by surgery

184
Q

antigen

A

substance capable of triggering an immune response

185
Q

antihistamine

A

drug that treats allergies; can also treat vomiting

186
Q

anxiety

A

distress caused by fear

187
Q

apnea

A

absence of spontaneous respiration

188
Q

arthrocentesis

A

withdrawal of fluid from a joint with a needle

189
Q

arthritis

A

inflammation of a joint

190
Q

arthroplasty

A

surgery to fix the function of a joint

191
Q

arthroscopy

A

visual examination of the inside of a joint

192
Q

asthma

A

difficulty breathing

Biology 110 (2 decks)

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