Mid Term Flashcards
Empyema
pus within the pleural space usually associated with a bacterial infection. Also called phyothorax.
py/o=pus
Ig
Abbreviation for immunoglobulin, a protein produced by plasma cells and lymphocytes. Immunoglobulins are an essential part of the body’s immune system which attach to foreign substances, such as bacteria, and assist in destroying them.
hyper
over/above
histology
study of tissue.
4 types:
- muscle tissue
- epithelial tissue
- connective tissue
- nervous tissue
dermatoplasty
skin grafting; transplantation of the skin
arthralgia
joint pain
venipunture
(or phlebotomy)
incision into a vein in order to remove blood for a diagnostic test
Types of Leukocytes
Basophils: release histamine and heparin to damaged tissues
Eosinophils: destroy parasties and increase during allergic reaction
Neutrophils: engulfs foreign and damaged cells (phagocytosis); most numerous of the leukocytes
Monocyte (agranulocyte): engulfs foreign and damaged cells (phagocytosis)
Lymphocyte (agranulocyte): plays several different roles in immune response
parts of the integumentary system
- skin
- hair
- nails
- sweat glands
- sebaceous glands
Coronal plane
or frontal plane: divides the body into front and back portions; a vertical lengthwise plane is running from side to side. View of the inside of the body
keloid
formation of a raised and thickened hypertrophic scar after an injury or surgery
lipectomy
surgical removal of fat (fatty tissue)
acne rosacea
chronic form of acne seen in adults involving redness, tiny pimples, and broken blood vessels, primarily on nose and cheecks
bursolith
a calculus(hard mass) formed in a bursa
epiphysis
rounded end of a long bone
green stick fracture
fracture in which there is an incomplete break; one side of bone is broken and the other side is bent. This type of fracture is commonly found in children due to their softer more pliable bone structure
cyanosis
bluish tint to the skin caused by deoxygenaed blood
patent ductus arteriosis
congenital heart anomaly in which the fetal connection between the pulmonary artery and the aorta fails to close at birth. This condition may be treated with medication and resolve with time. However, in some cases surgery is required.
bicuspid valve
A bicuspid aortic valve is an aortic valve that only has two leaflets, instead of three. The aortic valve regulates blood flow from the heart into the aorta, the major blood vessel that brings blood to the body.
LEFT side of heart.
phagocyte
Cell that has the ability to ingest (phag/o=eat; -cyte=cell) and digest bacteria and other foregin particles. This process, phagocytosis, is critical for the control of bacteria within the body.
polycythemia vera
production of too many red blood cells by the bone marrow. Blood becomes too thick to easily flow through the blood vessels.
poly=many
cyt/o=cell
hem/o=blood
-ia=condition
rhin/o
nose
pharynx
medical term for throat; passageway that conducts air from nasal cavity to trachea and also carries food and drink from mouth to esophagus
- divided into 3 sections:
1. nasopharynx
2. oropharynx
3. larynopharynx
trans-
through, across
-ectomy
surgical removal
RLQ
Right Lower Quadrant
Contains:
- small intestine
- colon
- righ ovary
- fallopian tube
- appendix
- right ureter
Ecchymosis
Skin disocloration caused by blood collecting under the skin following blunt trauma to the skin.
- a bruise
- -osis=abnormal
kyphosis
abnormal increase in the outward curvature of the thoracic spine.
- hunchback or humpback
- excessive posterior thoracic curvature
- kyph/o=hump
- -osis =abnormal condition
atherosclerosis
the most common form of arteriosclerosis.
- caused by fromation of the yellowish plaques of cholesterol on the inner walls of arteries
- ather/o=fatty substance
- -sclerosis= hardening
hemostasis
- blood clotting process
- hem/o=blood
- -stasis= standing still
lyphadenitis
imflammation of the lymph nodes
- swollen glands
- lymphaden/o=lymph node
- -itis=inflammation
mononucleosis
acute infectios disease with a large number of abnormal mononuclear lymphocytes.
- Caused by Epstein-Barr virus
- Abnormal liver function may occur
- mono-=one
- nucle/o=nucleus
- -osis=abnormal condition
prothrombin time
A measure of the blood’s coagulation ability by measuring how long it takes for a clot to form after prothrombin has been activated
- thromb/o=clot
lymphoma
A tumor in lymphatic tissue
- lymph/o=lymph
- -oma=tumor
erythroblastosis fetalis
Severe anemia in newborn babies. A severe hemolytic disease of a fetus or newborn infant caused by the production of maternal antibodies against the fetal red blood cells, usually involving Rh incompatibility between the mother and fetus
dyspnea
difficult or labored breeathing
- dys-= difficult, abnormal
- -pnea=breathing
tracheotomy or tracheostomy
surgical procedure often performed in an emergency that creates an opening directly into the trachea to allow the patient to breathe easier
patent
open or unblocked, such as patent airway
phlegm
- thick mucus secreted by the membranes lining the respiratory tract.
- When phlegm is coughed through the mouth, it is called sputum.
- Phlegm is examined for color, odor, and consistency and tested for the presences of bacteria, viruses, and fungi
rhinoplasty
surgical repair of the nose
tracheostenosis
narrowing of the trachea
- trache/o=trachea
- -stenosis= narrowing
gastr/o
stomach
-gram
record or picture
nephr/o
kidney
-logy
study of
-algia
pain
respiratory system
Obtains oxygen and removes carbon dioxide from the body
Contins:
- nasal cavity
- pharynx
- larynx
- trachea
- bronchial tubes
- lungs
intra
within
fibromyalgia
condition with widespread aching and pain in the muscles and soft tissue
- fibr/o=fibers
- my/o=muslce
- -algia=pain
cost/o
rib
chondromalacia
softening of the cartilage
- chondr/o=cartilage
- -malacia=softening
osteoporosis
decrease in bone mass producing a thinning and weakening of the bone with resulting fractures.
The bone becomes more porous, especially in the spine and pelvis
- oste/o=bone
- -porosis=porous
chondromalacia
softening of the cartilage
- chondr/o=cartilage
- -malacia=softening
arteries
blood vessels that carry blood AWAY from heart
myocardial infarction
- condition caused by the partial or complete occlusion or closing of one or more of the coronary arteries.
- symtoms include:
a. sqeezing pain or heavy pressure in the middle of the chest (angina pectoris)
- a delay in treatment could result in death
- also referred to as a heart attack
veins
blood vessels of cardiovascular system that carry blood TOWARD the heart
pulmonary veins
the left atrium recieves blood returning to the hear after being deoxygenated by the lungs. Thisblood enters the relaxed left atrium from the four PULMONARY VEINS.
-large vein that returns oxygenated blood from lungs to left atrium
endarterectomy
removal of the diseased or damaged inner lining of the artery. Usually performed to remove atherosclerotic plaques
- endo-=inner
- arterio/o=artery
- -ectomy=surgical removal
fibrillation
an extremely serious arrhythmia characterized by abnoraml quivering or contraction of heart fibers.
Whn this occurs in the ventricles, cardiac arrest and death can occur
Emergency equipmen to defibrillate or convhert the heart to a normal beat is necessary
derm/o
skin
polyp
small tumor with pedicle or stem attachment; commonly found in vascular organs such as nose, uterus, and rectum.
trichomycosis
abnormal condition of hair fungus
- trich/o=hair
- myc/o=fungus
- -osis= abnromal condition
urticaria
- Also called hives
- a skin eruption of pale reddish wheals with severe itching
- usually associated with food allergy, stress, or drug reactions.
cicatrix
A scar
rickets
deficiency in calcium and vitamin D found in early childhood that results in bone deformities, especially bowed legs.
supination
turning the palm or foot upward
lumbar vertebrae
- 5 of them
- vertebrae in the small of the back, about waste level
podiatrist
Healthcare profession specializing in diagnosis s of the treatment of disorders of the feet and lower legs. Healthcare professional is a podiatrist.
arthr/o
joint
caudal
directional term meaning toward feet or tail, or below.
chondr/o
cartilage
supra-
above
frontal plane
vertical plane that divides body into front (anterior or ventral) and back (posterior or dorsal) sections
-also called coronal plane
LUQ
- Left upper quadrant
contains: .
a. small portion of liver
b. spleen
c. stomach
d. majority of pancreas
e. left kidney
f. small intestines
g. colon
Melanin
black color pigment in skin; helps to prevent sun’s ultraviolet ray from entering body
layers of skin
- epidermis- thin, outer membrane
- dermis- middle, fibrous connective tissue layer
- subcutaneous layer- innermost layer,containing fatty tissue
keratosis
Term for any skin conition involving an over growth of the epidermis layer.
integumentary system
Skin and its appendages including:
- sweat glands
- oil glands
- hair and nails
- sense organs that allow us to respond to changes in temperature, pain, touch, and pressure are located in skin
Largest organ in body
Uria
condition or presence of urine
-itis
inflammation of an organ
acute care hospital
hospital that typically provide services to diagnose (laboratory diagnostic imaging) and treat (surgery, medications, therapy) diseases for a short period of time; in addition they usually provide emergency and obstetrical care; also called a general hospial
lateral
directional term meaning to the side
umbilical
anatomical division of abdomen; middle section of middle row
over the naval
mediastinum
central region of chest cavity; contains organs between lungs including:
- heart
- aorta
- esophagus
- trachea
abdominopelvic cavity
ventral cavity consisting of abdominal and pelvic cavities.
contains:
- digestive
- urinary
- reproductive organs
gastroenterology
study of the stomach and small intestine
- gastr/o= stomach
- enter/o=small intestine
- -logy= study of
prone
directional term meaning lying horizontally facing downward
endocrine system
Regulates metabolic activites of the body.
- pituitary gland
- pineal gland
- thyroid gland
- parathyroid gland
- thymus gland
- adrenal glands
- pancreas
- ovaries
- testes
scopy
process of visually examining
-plasty
surgical repair
anti-
against
aden/o
gland
-megaly
enlargement, large
suffix
word part attached to end of word; frequntly indicates:
- condition
- disease
- or procedure
word root
foundation of a medical term that provides basic meaning of word; in general, word root will indicate body system or part of body being discussed; word may have more than one word root.
hemat/o
blood
-stenosis
narrowing
retro
backward, behind
opthalm/o
eye
