Mid-Term Flashcards
Crime
An act that violates criminal law and is punishable by criminal sanction.
Consesus Model
Majority of citizens in a society share the same values and beliefs. Society decides whats right and wrong.
Conflict Model
Criminal Justice Model in which criminal law is determined by groups that hold economic, political, and social power in and community. The people in power control whats right and wrong in criminal law.
Public Order Crimes
Crime which involves acts that interfere with the operations of society and the ability of people to function efficiently, it is labeled criminal because it is contrary to shared norms, social values, customs and norms.
Criminal Justice System
An interlocking Network of law enforcement agencies, courts and corrections institutions designed to enforce criminal law and protect society.
Criminal Justice System Proposal
PURPOSE maintaining justice and protecting society
Recidivism
The act of commiting a new crime when a person has already been convicted of commiting a previous. Repeat Offender.
Criminology
A scientific study of a crime that causes criminal behavior.
Correlation
The relationship between two variables that tend to move in the same direction.
Causation
A relationship in which change in one variable creates a recognizable change in another variable.
Theory
An explination of happening or circumstances that are faced with observation experimentation and reasoning.
Hypothesis
A possible explination from an observed occurance that can be tested for further investigation.
Constitutional Law
Law based on constitution.
Statutory Law
Laws enacted by legislative body.
Strict Liability Law
the defendant is guilty regardless of his or her state of mind at the time of the action. Ex traffic violation
Bill of Rights
1’st ten amendments of the constitution.
M’Naghten Rule
The defendants inability to determine right and wrong. The right and wrong test.
Intelligence Led Policing
relies on data or intelligence concerning past crime data patterns to predict future crime patterns.
FBI/Terrorism
investigates crime in which a national law is broken or in which the country’s security is threatened. FBI is an abbreviation for ‘Federal Bureau of Investigation.’
A branch of the Department of Justice responsible for combating terrorism and investigating violations of Federal Law Enforcement.
Local Law Enforcement Authority
Have the broadest authority to apprehend criminal suspects, maintain order, and provide services to the community.
Justice Department Role
With the responsibility of enforcing criminal law and supervising the federal prison system, the Justice Department plays a leading role in the American Criminal Justice System.
ATF
Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms. The firearms division of the agency has the responsibility of enforcing the gun control act of 1968, which sets circumstances in which firearms can be used and sold in the United States despite the possibility of the State general.
Police Discretion
The courts have upheld police officers freedom to decide what law to enforce, how much to enforce it, and assume on what occasion.
Community Policing
A policing philosophy that emphasizes community support for the cooperation of police in preventing crime. Puts an emphasis on working with the community.
Problem Oriented Policing
A policing philosophy that requires police to identify potential criminal activity and develope stratigies to prevent or respond to that activity.
Police Subculture
Includes the value and perception that are shared by members of a police department to a certain extent by all law enforcement agents.
Tenn VS Garner
The United States Supreme Court ruling that set standards for the use of deadly force by law enforcement officers.
Civil Rights Violation
Envolves denial of the rights afforded to all citizens by the United States Constitution not to be discriminated against on the basis of race. Discrimination against someone because of their race is a civil rights violation.
Probable Cause
Reasonable ground, for making a search, pressing a charge etc. Probable Cause is the standard by which police authorities have reason to obtain a warrant for the arrest of a suspected criminal or the issuing of a search warrant. Probable in this case may relate to statistical probability or to a general standard of common behavior and customs.
Mirandi Rights
The Constitutional Right of an accused person that is taken into custody by law enforcement officials such as the right to remain silent and the right to an attorney.
Terry V. Ohio
the president for the ever elusive definition of reasonable suspension in stop and frisk situations.
Exclusionary Rule
4th Amendment Right, a law that prohibits the use of illegally obtained evidence in a criminal case. Evidence obtained illegally will be excluded from the trial.
Criminal Justice 2 Values
Criminal Justice System has two sets of underlying values. Due Process and Crime Control.
Dual Court System
Multiple levels of courts Federal Level Courts and State Level Courts.
Rule of Four
The Supreme Court will not decide to take on a case unless four justices approve.
Jurisdiction
The authority of a court to hear and decide cases within an area of the law of a geographic territory.
Mississippi is in the 5th district which is in New Orleans.
Brandy Rule
On the prosecutors side, The Brandy Rule says that the prosecution is required to give all evidence to the court, good or bad.
4’th Amendment
Search and Seizure.
Prosecutors
Represents the State
Defense Attorney
Represents the defendant
