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International Management > MID TERM > Flashcards

MID TERM Flashcards

1
Q

Very large, family-held Korean conglomerates that have considerable political and economic power

A

Chaebols

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2
Q

A political and economic community consisting of 28 member states

A

European Union

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3
Q

Investment in property, plant, or equipment in another country

A

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)

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4
Q

The process of social, political, economic, cultural, and technological integration among countries around the world

A

Globalization

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5
Q

Process of applying management concepts and techniques in a multinational environment and adapting management practices to different economic, political, and cultural contexts

A

International management

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6
Q

An organizational arrangement in Japan in which a large group of vertically integrated companies bound together by cross-ownership, interlocking directorates, and social ties provide goods and services to end users

A

Keiretsu

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7
Q

Process of completing activities efficiently and effectively with and through other people

A

Management

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8
Q

Factory, mostly located in Mexican border towns, that imports materials and equipment on a duty- and tariff-free basis for assembly or manufacturing and re-export

A

Maquiladora

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9
Q

A Japanese government agency that identifies and ranks national commercial pursuits and guides the distribution of national resources to meet these goals

A

Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI)

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10
Q

A firm having operations in more than one country, international sales, and a nationality mix among managers and owners

A

MNC

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11
Q

A free-trade agreement between the United States, Canada, and Mexico that has removed most barriers to trade and investment

A

North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) also, updates version is United States Mexico and Canada Act (USMCA)

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12
Q

The process by which companies undertake some activities at offshore locations instead of in their countries of origin

A

Offshoring

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13
Q

The subcontracting or contracting out of activities to external organizations that had previously been performed by the firm

A

Outsourcing

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14
Q

A proposed trade agreement among 12 Pacific Rim countries, including Australia, Brunei, Canada, Chile, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, Singapore, the United States, and Vietnam.

A

Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP)

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15
Q

The global organization of countries that oversees rules and regulations for international trade and investment

A

World Trade Organization (WTO)

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16
Q

A jurisdictional principle of international law which holds that all acts of other governments are considered to be valid by U.S. courts, even if such acts are illegal or inappropriate under U.S. law

A

Act of state doctrine

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17
Q

Law that is derived from Roman law and is found in the non-Islamic and nonsocialist countries

A

Civil or code law

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18
Q

The political philosophy that views the needs or goals of society as a whole as more important than individual desires

A

Collectivism

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19
Q

Law that derives from English law and is the foundation of legislation in the United States, Canada, and England, among other nations

A

Common law

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20
Q

A political system in which the government is controlled by the citizens either directly or through elections

A

Democracy

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21
Q

A jurisdictional principle of international law which holds that there must be mutual respect for the laws, institutions, and governments of other countries in the matter of jurisdiction over their own citizens

A

Doctrine of comity

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22
Q

An act that makes it illegal to influence foreign officials through personal payment or political contributions; became U.S. law in 1977 because of concerns over bribes in the international business arena

A

Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA)

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23
Q

The political philosophy that people should be free to pursue economic and political endeavors without constraint

A

Individualism

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24
Q

Law that is derived from interpretation of the Qur’an and the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad and is found in most Islamic countries

A

Islamic law

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25
Q

A jurisdictional principle of international law which holds that every country has jurisdiction over its citizens no matter where they are located

A

Nationality Principle

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26
Q

An international principle of law which holds that governments have the right to rule themselves as they see fit

A

Principle of sovereignty

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27
Q

A jurisdictional principle of international law which holds that every country has jurisdiction over behavior that adversely affects its national security, even if the conduct occurred outside that country

A

Protective principle

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28
Q

A moderate form of collectivism in which there is government ownership of institutions, and profit is not the ultimate goal

A

Socialism

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29
Q

Law that comes from the Marxist socialist system and continues to influence regulations in countries formerly associated with the Soviet Union as well as China

A

Socialist law

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30
Q

A jurisdictional principle of international law which holds that every nation has the right of jurisdiction within its legal territory

A

Territoriality principle

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31
Q

A political system in which there is only one representative party which exhibits control over every facet of political and human life

A

Totalitarianism

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32
Q

The system by which business corporations are directed and controlled

A

Corporate governance

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33
Q

The actions of a firm to benefit society beyond the requirements of the law and the direct interests of the firm

A

Corporate social responsibility (CSR

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34
Q

The study of morality and standards of conduct

A

Ethics

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35
Q

An organized social movement and market-based approach that aims to help producers in developing countries obtain better trading conditions and promote sustainability

A

Fair trade

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36
Q

Private, not-for-profit organizations that seek to serve society’s interests by focusing on social, political, and economic issues such as poverty, social justice, education, health, and the environment

A

Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs)

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37
Q

Development that meets current needs without harming the future

A

Sustainability

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38
Q

A culture in which people are accorded status based on how well they perform their functions

A

Achievement culture

39
Q

A culture in which status is attributed based on who or what a person is

A

Ascription culture

40
Q

The tendency of people to belong to groups or collectives and to look after each other in exchange for loyalty

A

Collectivism

41
Q

Refers to people regarding themselves as part of a group

A

Communitarianism

42
Q

Acquired knowledge that people use to interpret experience and generate social behavior. This knowledge forms values, creates attitudes, and influences behavior

A

Culture

43
Q

A culture in which public space and private space are similar in size and individuals guard their public space carefully, because entry into public space affords entry into private space as well

A

Diffuse culture

44
Q

A culture in which emotions are expressed openly and naturally

A

Emotional culture

45
Q

A cultural characteristic in which the dominant values in society are caring for others and the quality of life

A

Femininity

46
Q

A multicountry study and evaluation of cultural attributes and leadership behaviors among more than 17,000 managers from 951 organizations in 62 countries

A

GLOBE

47
Q

The tendency of people to look after themselves and their immediate family only

A

Individualism

48
Q

A cultural characteristic in which the dominant values in society are success, money, and things

A

Masculinity

49
Q

A culture in which emotions are held in check

A

Neutral culture

50
Q

The belief that circumstances dictate how ideas and practices should be applied and that something cannot be done the same everywhere

A

Particularism

51
Q

The extent to which less powerful members of institutions and organizations accept that power is distributed unequally

A

Power distance

52
Q

A culture in which individuals have a large public space they readily share with others and a small private space they guard closely and share with only close friends and associates

A

Specific culture

53
Q

The extent to which people feel threatened by ambiguous situations and have created beliefs and institutions that try to avoid these

A

Uncertainty avoidance

54
Q

The belief that ideas and practices can be applied everywhere in the world without modification

A

Universalism

55
Q

Basic convictions that people have regarding what is right and wrong, good and bad, important and unimportant

A

Values

56
Q

A nationalistic philosophy of management whereby the values and interests of the parent company guide strategic decisions

A

Ethnocentric predisposition

57
Q

A philosophy of management whereby the company tries to integrate a global systems approach to decision making

A

Geocentric predisposition

58
Q

A belief that one worldwide approach to doing business is the key to both efficiency and effectiveness

A

Globalization imperative

59
Q

Chinese for “good connections”

A

Guanxi

60
Q

The tendency to view the world through one’s own eyes and perspectives

A

Parochialism

61
Q

A philosophy of management whereby strategic decisions are tailored to suit the cultures of the countries where the MNC operates

A

Polycentric predisposition

62
Q

A philosophy of management whereby the firm tries to blend its own interests with those of its subsidiaries on a regional basis

A

Regiocentric predisposition

63
Q

The process of exhibiting the same orientation toward different cultural groups

A

Simplification

64
Q

A group in which two or more members represent each of two distinct cultures, such as four Mexicans and four Taiwanese who have formed a team to investigate the possibility of investing in a venture

A

Bicultural Group

65
Q

A culture that is characterized by strong emphasis on hierarchy and orientation to the task

A

Eiffel Tower culture

66
Q

A culture that is characterized by a strong emphasis on hierarchy and orientation to the person

A

Family culture

67
Q

Consensus reached because of social conformity and pressures on individual members of a group to conform to group norms

A

Groupthink

68
Q

A culture that is characterized by strong emphasis on equality in the workplace and orientation to the task

A

Guided missile culture

69
Q

A group in which members have similar backgrounds and generally perceive, interpret, and evaluate events in similar ways

A

Homogeneous group

70
Q

A culture that is characterized by strong emphasis on equality and orientation to the person

A

Incubator culture

71
Q

A group in which there are individuals from three or more different ethnic backgrounds, such as three U.S., three German, three Uruguayan, and three Chinese managers who are looking into mining operations in South Africa

A

Multicultural group

72
Q

Shared values and beliefs that enable members to understand their roles in and the norms of the organization

A

Organizational culture

73
Q

A group in which all members but one have the same background, such as a group of Japanese retailers and a British attorney

A

Token group

74
Q

The use of color to communicate messages

A

Chromatics

75
Q

The way in which time is used in a culture

A

Chronemics

76
Q

The process of transferring meanings from sender to receiver

A

Communication

77
Q

Information that surrounds a communication and helps convey the message

A

Context

78
Q

Bargaining that occurs when two parties with opposing goals compete over a set value

A

Distributive negotiations

79
Q

The transmission of information from superior to subordinate

A

Downward communication

80
Q

Communicating through the use of bodily contact

A

Haptics

81
Q

Bargaining that involves cooperation between two groups to integrate interests, create value, and invest in the agreement

A

Integrative negotiation

82
Q

Distance between people that is used for very confidential communications

A

Intimate distance

83
Q

The study of communication through body movement and facial expression

A

Kinesics

84
Q

A time schedule in which things are done in a linear fashion

A

Monochronic time schedule

85
Q

Bargaining with one or more parties for the purpose of arriving at a solution acceptable to all

A

Negotiation

86
Q

The transfer of meaning through means such as body language and the use of physical space

A

Nonverbal communication

87
Q

The area of communication that deals with conveying messages through the use of eye contact and gaze

A

Oculesics

88
Q

A person’s view of reality

A

Perception

89
Q

In communicating, the physical distance used for talking with family and close friends

A

Personal distance

90
Q

A time schedule in which people tend to do several things at the same time and place higher value on personal involvement than on getting things done on time

A

Polychronic time schedule

91
Q

The study of the way people use physical space to convey messages

A

Proxemics

92
Q

In communicating, the distance used when calling across the room or giving a talk to a group

A

Public distance

93
Q

In communicating, the distance used to handle most business transactions

A

Social distance

94
Q

The transfer of meaning from subordinate to superior

A

Upward communication

International Management (2 decks)

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