Mid Term

Question 1

Explanatory synthesis

Answer 1

Written discussion that draws to or more sources

Question 2

Ways we argue

Answer 2

Theoretical (analytical) - rain is wet

And

Practical substantial) - rain is wet: I need an umbrella

Question 3

Structure of argument

Answer 3

Claim 
Ground (evidence)
Warrant (reason)
Backing 
Qualifier (degree of certainty)
Rebuttal (anticipate objection)

Question 4

Philosophers

Answer 4

Plato

Believed in the truth

Believed it was immoral to make an argument for something you knew was wrong

Contemplative

Question 5

Sophist

Answer 5

Isocrates

Believed in the truth

If everything is relative, is there a standard morality

Teaching rhetoric = teaching civic duty

Active

Question 6

Ethos

Answer 6

Nature, disposition

Ethical stance of the speaker

Question 7

Pathos

Answer 7

Suffering. Pathology

Emotional

Question 8

Logos

Answer 8

Word, idea, or message

Informative (logic: the art of reason)

Question 9

Logical fallacies

Answer 9

Errors in reasoning that invalidate an argument

Question 10

Ad Hominem

Answer 10

Make personal attacks rather than focusing on the issue at hand

Question 11

Guilt by association

Answer 11

Attacks someone’s credibility by linking that person with a person or activity that the audience will bad, suspicious, or untrust

Question 12

False authority

Answer 12

Because an authority thinks something, it must be true

Question 13

Bandwagon appeal

Answer 13

Suggest that a great movement is under way and the reader will be a fool or traitor not to join

Question 14

Flattery

Answer 14

Attempt to persuade audience by suggesting they are smart enough to agree with rhetor

Question 15

In-crowd appeal

Answer 15

A special flattery, invite audience to identify with an admired and select group

Question 16

Veiled threat

Answer 16

Attempt to frighten audience by implying they will suffer adverse consequences if they don’t agree with rhetor

Question 17

False analogy

Answer 17

A comparison made between two situations that are not significantly alike

Question 18

Begging the question

Answer 18

A circular argument that treats a debatable statement as if it had been proven true

Question 19

Post hoc fallacy

Answer 19

Assumption that because B happened after A, it must have been caused A

Question 20

Non Sequitur

Answer 20

Attempt to tie together two or more logically unrelated ideas as if they were related

Question 21

Either-or Fallacy

Answer 21

Insistence that complex situation can have only two possible outcomes

Question 22

Hasty Generalization

Answer 22

A conclusion based on too little evidence or on bad or misunderstood evidence

Question 23

Oversimplification

Answer 23

An overly direct relationship between a cause and an effect

Question 24

Straw man

Answer 24

A misrepresentation of the opposition y pretending the opponents agree with something that few reasonable people would support