Mid-Term Flashcards
Energy
The ability to do work or cause change
Physics
The study of matter & energy and how they interact
Independent variable
The factor that a scientist changes in a experiment
Matter
Anything that has mass or occupies space
Chemistry
The study of the properties of matter & how matter changes
Hypothesis
A possible explanation for a set of observations or an answer to a scientific question
Physical Science
The study of matter, energy, & the changes they undergo
Qualitative observation
An observation that deals with characteristics that are not expressed in numbers
Quantitive observation
An observation that deals with a number amount
Chemistry
The study of the properties of matter and how matter changes
List the stores of the scientific method:
- observation
- question
- hypothesis
- method
- result
- conclusion
List the 3 skills scientist use to learn about the natural world:
- observing
- inferring
- predicting
Another name for the dependent variable?
Responding variable
Another name for the independent variable?
Manipulated variable
Wave
A disturbance that transfers energy from place to place
Crest
Highest part of a transverse wave
Vibration
A repeated back-and-forth or up-and-down motion
Transverse wave
A wave that moves the medium in a direction perpendicular to the direction in which the wave travels
Dependent variable
- what you measure in the experiment and what is affected during the experiment.
- responds to the independent variable.
- called dependent because it “depends” on the independent variable.
Medium
The material through which a wave travels
Mechanical wave
A wave that requires a medium through which to travel
Trough
The lowest part of a transverse wave
Longitudinal wave
A wave that moves a medium in a direction parallel to to the direction in which a wave travels
Wavelength
The distance between 2 corresponding parts of a wave
Compression
The part of a longitudinal wave where the particles of the medium are close together
Frequency
The # of complete waves that pass a certain point in a certain amount of time
Rarefaction
The part of a longitudinal wave where the particles are far apart
Hertz(Hz)
Unit of measurement used for frequency
Amplitude
The maximum distance the particles of a medium move away from their rest positions as a wave passes through the medium
Reflection
The bouncing back of an inlet or wave when it hits a surface through which it cannot pass
Law of Reflection
The rule that the angle of reflection equals the angle of incidence
Refraction
The bending of waves as they enter a new medium at an angle
Diffraction
The bending of waves as they move around a barrier or pass through an opening
Interference
The interaction between waves that meet
Constructive interference
The interference that occurs when waves combine to make a wave with a larger amplitude
Destructive interference
The interference that occurs when two waves combine to make a wave with a smaller amplitude
Node
A point of 0 amplitude on a standing wave
Antinode
A point of maximum amplitude on a standing wave
Unit for force?
Newtons (N)
Unit for work?
Joules (J)
Unit for power?
Watt(W)
Formula for power?
P=W/T
Formula for work?
- W= FxD
- W= PxT
list the 6 simple machines:
- Screw
- Inclined plane
- Wedge
- Wheel & Axle
- Pulley
- Lever
Screw
A simple machine that is an inclined plane wrapped around a central cylinder to form a spiral
wedge
A simple machine that is an inclined plane that moves
Wheel & Axle
A simple machine that consists of 2 attached circular or cylindrical objects that rotate about a common axis, each one with a different radius
Pulley
A simple machine that consists of a grooved wheel with a rope or cable wrapped around it
Lever
A simple machine that consists of a rigid bar that pivots about a fixed point
inclined plane
a simple machine that is a flat, sloped surface
chemical Energy
A form of potential energy that is stored in chemical bonds between atoms
Mechanical Energy
kinetic or potential energy associated with the motion or position of an object
Kinetic Energy
Energy that an object has due to its motion
Potential Energy
Stored energy that results from the position or shape of an object
