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Comm 139 > Mid term > Flashcards

Mid term Flashcards

1
Q

Emotion (shared components of emotion)

A

internal mental states representing evaluative reactions to events, agents, or objectives that vary in intensity

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2
Q

emotion theorists’ perspectives

A

involve physiological reactions and cognitions
Dimensional view = pos or neg + intensity
discreet view = unique emotions + intensity

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3
Q

Types of emotional theories and perspectives

A

sensation or physiological, behavioral, evaluative, cognitive, cognitive appraisal theory, script theory

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4
Q

emotions as a psychological construct

A

1: cognitive appraisal or evaluation of a situation
2: physiological component of arousal
3: subjective feeling state
4: action tendency (helps to respond to immediate environment and motivate behavior)
5: motor expression/ behavior(physical accompaniment
6: target of object

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5
Q

sensational or physiological theories

A

concern with how people experience emotion

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6
Q

behavioral theories

A

not about feelings but action ( what we see )

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7
Q

evaluative theories

A

connection between emotions and EVALUATIVE beliefs

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8
Q

cognitive theories

A

emotions based on beliefs or thoughts about environment

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9
Q

What makes a good model of emotion

A

should explain
when each emotion is aroused
how emotions evolve over the course of an event
odd emotional expressions
different emotional reactions to the same event

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10
Q

cognitive appraisal theories

A

Premise
- cognitive interpretation of a physiological state is needed for an emotion to occur
Shacter and Singer 2 factor theory
- arousal can be ambiguous and cognition directed where the arousal went to

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11
Q

Cognitive motivational relation theory (Lazarus)

A

(Lazarus)
Key Question –> how do we adapt to cope with our environment
Key assumption –> emotions rise from how individuals appraise the ongoing actions in the world
Each emotion has a specific “core relational theme”

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12
Q

2 levels of appraisal

A 
Primary (appraisal of goals)
- goal relevance 
- goal congruency
- ego involvement 
Secondary (appraisals of coping)
- blame or credit
-  coping potential (can you handle?)
- future expectation
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13
Q

Communicative Theory (Oatley and Johnson-Laird)

A

(Oatley and Johnson-Laird)
Key Question –> how are goals and priorities assigned?
Key assumption–> emotions are based on cognitive evaluations(either conscious or unconscious)
Key Principle –> emotions function to communicate both to ourselves and others about goal priorities
- emotional signal (physiological)
- propositional signal (cognitive)
How?
Through Mental Models

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14
Q

Script Theory (Tomkins)

A

(Tomkins)
Key question –> How do emotional components (cognitions physiology, behavior) interact
Key assumption –> emotion is a primary biological motivating mechanism
Key principle: Amplification
- components working together amplify emotional experience—tells us what matters
1. behavioral and subjective feelings
2. physiological reaction and expression
How?
SCRIPTS (like emotional habits)
habits and associations from past events

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15
Q

Fridja’s laws of emotion

A

summarize rules governing emotional elicitation

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16
Q

Law of situational meaning (Fridja)

A

(Fridja) emotions are based on meaning structures which are connected to action readiness
emotions derive from situations. Generally the same types of situation will elicit the same types of emotional response.

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17
Q

Law of concern emotions (Fridja)

A

(Fridja) emotions arise based on relevant events

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18
Q

Law of apparent reality(Fridja)

A

(Fridja) emotions are elicited by events appraised as real

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19
Q

Law of change (Fridja)

A

(Fridja) emotions respond to actual or expected changes in conditions (not by the presence of favorable or unfavorable conditions)

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20
Q

Law of habituation (Fridja)

A

(Fridja)continued hardships and pleasures “wear off”

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21
Q

law of comparative feelings(Fridja)

A

(Fridja)emotional intensity depends on the relationship between event and some frame of reference

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22
Q

Law of Hedonic Asymmetry (Fridja)

A

(Fridja) pleasure based on change disappears with continued satisfaction but pain persists under persisting adverse conditions

23
Q

Law of Conservations of Emotional Momentum (Fridja)

A

(Fridja) emotional events can always evoke an emotion unless counteracted with repetitive exposure

24
Q

Law of Closure (Fridja)

A

(Fridja) emotions tend to be absolute (not relative in impact) and take control of the action system —- emotions will take us down one path no matter what

25
Q

Law of Care for Consequences (Fridja)

A

emotional impulses are associated with impulses to control the emotion to avoid negative consequences

26
Q

Law of lightest load and greatest gain (Fridja)

A

when possible tend to view situation in way that minimizes emotional load
when possible ten to view situation in way to maximize emotional gain

27
Q

Limbic System

A

Amygdala: emotional related memory (almond shape)
Hippocampus: situational memory (looks like a seahorse)

28
Q

Neocortex

A

Prefrontal Lobes “thinking brain” for rational though

29
Q

Thalamus

A

brain translator - translates or sense - sound and sight and sends threats straight to the amygdala

30
Q

Emotional Hijacking

A

When the limbic system, declaring an emergency, calls the brain to action without first passing through the thinking portion (Neocortex)

31
Q

Somatic Markers hypothesis

A

When considering response to situation, visceral and non-visceral sensation tells you to continue considering it or not
o Positive and Negative Markers are developed based on experience, learning
o Not always conscious (intuition)

32
Q

Affect and the Brain: 3 Approaches

A

Generalized Emotion Theory
o emotions constructed from brain connections via learning mechanisms (LeDoux)
Component Parts Approach
o focus on how both brain and body contribute to emotionality (Damasio)
Central Affective Programs
o intrinsic mechanisms in the brain for generating specific types of emotionality

33
Q

Relationship between reasoned decision making and emotion (Damasio)

A

Without emotion we cannot make decisions

34
Q

Brain hemispheric specialization

A

Right Hemisphere: Withdrawal

Left Hemisphere: Approach

35
Q

affective style

A

Natural ability to experience and express particular emotional states. causes different temperaments

36
Q

evidence for biological basis of facial expressions and emotion

A

Studies of those born blind
cross cultural studies
studies of newborns

37
Q

facial feedback hypothesis

A

we subconsciously get info from our own facial expression that impacts our emotional experience

38
Q

self perception theory

A

people make conscious judgements about feelings from observing their own behaviors

39
Q

Mayer & Salovey’s 4 Branches of EI

A

(Mayer & Salovey)
• 1. Emotion Perception & Identification
capacity to perceive (or recognize) and express feelings in self; perceive in others as well
• 2. Emotional Facilitation/Integration
use emotion to improve thought processes
• 3. Emotional understanding
coginitive processing of emotion (i.e., understanding causes, process, and consequences of emotions in self & others) (origins of empathy)
• 4. Emotional Management
regulation of emotional processes in both self and others

40
Q

Emotional intelligence EI

A

Interrelated set of mental abilities that allow a person to recognize use, and regulate emotion allowing for effective dealings with in their environment (some bio basis and females tend to have a better EI)

41
Q

benefits of EI

A

Greater sense of well-being
Greater relational satisfaction
Greater work achievement

42
Q

Alexithymia

A

difficulty identifying feelings and distinguishing between feelings and the bodily sensations of emotional reaction

43
Q

empathy

A

You share the emotions of someone experiencing them.

44
Q

sympathy

A

You feel for someones situation without sharing their emotions.

45
Q

attunement & mirroring

A

Process in which person sees their emotions are met with empathy, accepted and reciprocated

Low level emotional replication.

46
Q

Methods of emotion management

A

• 1. Manage ELICITING EVENTS
o Avoid or expose yourself to events that you expect will arouse various emotions
• 2. Manage APPRAISALS
o Change how you think about or appraise emotion-eliciting events
• 3. Manage PHYSIOLOGICAL REACTIONS/BEHAVIORS
• 4. Manage EXPRESSIONS
• 5. Manage through SOCIAL INTERACTIONS

47
Q

Emotional Contagion (EC)

A

• Tendency to automatically mimic and synchronize facial expressions, vocalizations, postures, movements with those of another person and, consequently, to converge emotionally.

48
Q

Factors that influence susceptibility to and likelihood to start EC

A

infected: people who can read others’ emotions, people who pay attention to facial expressions, people who tend to mimic, and those who are aware of their own emotional responses

Infectors: people who feel strong emotions, are able to express emotions, are insensitive or unresponsive to feelings of others (women, extroverts, expressives)

49
Q

Social Anxiety Categories

A

o Public Performance
o Informal interactions
o Interactions requiring assertive behavior
o Observation of behavior

50
Q

cognitions of social anxiety

A 
o Apprehensive thoughts
o Somatic symptoms
o "Nervous" behaviors
o Verbal dysfluencies
o Less effective communication
o Attempt to avoid or escape
o Unpleasant subjective experience
51
Q

Frustration Leads to Anger When

A

o see act as unjustified
o avoidable misdeed
o coping skills
o personality traits

52
Q

Effects of Anger Expression

A
  • worse communication
  • feelings of distance
  • greater physiological arousal
  • feeling terrible, lowered self-esteem
  • make problem worse
  • rehearsing anger
  • becoming a hostile person
  • making target angry at you
53
Q

Salovey et al.

A

Emotional self-regulation requires two precursors:

  1. Predisposition to engage in regulation
  2. Emotional intelligence
54
Q

Ekman et al.

A

The Presence of others affects our levels of expressed happiness, and when an activity is shared, more happiness is expressed.

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