Mid Term

Question 1

Systematic inquiry to develop knowledge about issues of importance to the nursing profession

Answer 1

Nursing research

Question 2

Designed to guide nursing practice and improve the health and quality of life in patients

Answer 2

Clinical nursing research

Question 3

The use of the best clinical evidence in making patient care decisions

Answer 3

EBP

Question 4

Where does EBP come from?

Answer 4

Research performed by nurses and other health care professionals

Question 5

Research-related barriers to utilization of research in clinical practice

Answer 5

Scarcity of published replications

Question 6

Nurse-related barriers

Answer 6

Inadequate skills in locating and appraising evidence

Question 7

Organizational barriers

Answer 7

Lack of financial support and staff release time for EBP

Question 8

Uses scientific method, set or orderly, disciplined procedures, think “numbers”

Answer 8

Quantitative research

Question 9

Look at human complexity by exploring it directly, think “human experience” or “not stats”

Answer 9

Qualitative research

Question 10

Continuous variables

Answer 10

Height and weight

Question 11

Categorical variables

Answer 11

Marital status, gender, blood type

Question 12

Dependent variables

Answer 12

The presumed effect of independent variable

Question 13

Independent variable

Answer 13

The presumed cause of dependent variable

Question 14

Principle of Beneficence

Answer 14

Above all, do no harm. Right to protection from harm and discomfort. Right to protection from exploitation

• Beneficence: maximize good
• Nonmaleficence: minimize harm

Question 15

Principle of Justice

Answer 15

Right to fair treatment, right to privacy (confidentiality, anonymity)

Question 16

Confidentiality Pledge

Answer 16

A promise to safeguard data and identifying info from others

Question 17

Certificate of Confidentiality

Answer 17

Obtained to prevent forced disclosure of confidential info to authorities

Question 18

An abstraction that purports to account for or explain phenomena

Answer 18

Theory

Question 19

The overall conceptual underpinnings of a study

Answer 19

Framework

Question 20

Levels of Evidence Hierarchy from strongest to weakest

Answer 20

• Systematic reviews of RCT
• Individual RCT
• Systematic review of non-RCT (correlational)
• Individual correlational study
• systematic review of descriptive study
• Individual descriptive study
• Opinions fo respected authorities and expert committees

Question 21

PICOT

Answer 21

Population, intervention, comparison, outcome, time

Question 22

Activities in a qualitative study

Answer 22

1. Conceptualizing and planning
2. Conducting study
3. Disseminating findings

Question 23

The abstract or theoretical meaning of a concept being studied (definition of caring)

Answer 23

Conceptual

Question 24

The operations (measurements) a researcher must perform to collect the desired info (weight vs. anxiety)

Answer 24

Operational

Question 25

Informed consent

Answer 25

Participants have adequate info about research and can comprehend that info, free choice in deciding whether to participate in or withdrawal from study

Question 26

Purpose of a research critique

Answer 26

Careful and objective appraisals of the strengths and limitations of a study, not a summary -Done for student assignments, making decisions about whether or not to publish a manuscript, EBP purposes

Question 27

Intro section

Answer 27

Description of central phenomena, concepts, or variables, study purpose, research ?s, hypotheses, review of lit, framework, study significance

Question 28

Method section

Answer 28

Describes methods used to answer research questions

Question 29

Results section

Answer 29

Presents the findings that were obtained by analyzing the study data

Question 30

Discussion section

Answer 30

Interpretation of results, implications for nursing practice and further research, study limitations

Question 31

Hypotheses

Answer 31

States an expectation, should almost always involve two or more variables, must contain terms that indicate a relationship, articulated almost exclusively in quantitative studies, tested through statistical procedures

Question 32

Directional hypothesis

Answer 32

Predicts the direction of a relationship

Question 33

Nondirectional hypothesis

Answer 33

Predicts the existence of a relationship, not its direction

Question 34

Research hypothesis

Answer 34

States the actual prediction of a relationship

Question 35

Null hypothesis

Answer 35

Expresses the absence of a relationship (used only in statistical testing)

Question 36

A detailed outline of how an investigation will take place

Answer 36

Research design

Question 37

Can compare different population groups at a single point in time

Answer 37

Cross-sectional study

Question 38

Researchers conduct several observations of the same subjects over a period of time, sometimes lasting many years.

Answer 38

Longitudinal study

Question 39

A statistical method of drawing representative data by selecting people because of the ease of their volunteering or selecting units because of their availability or easy access.

Answer 39

Convenience sampling

Question 40

Existing study subjects recruit future subjects from among their acquaintances

Answer 40

Snowball sampling

Question 41

Commonly called a judgmental sample, is one that is selected based on the knowledge of a population and the purpose of the study.

Answer 41

Purposive sampling

Question 42

Process of data collection for generating theory whereby the analyst jointly collects codes and analyses data and decides what data to collect next and where to find them, in order to develop a theory as it emerges.

Answer 42

Theoretical sampling

Question 43

Important aspect of experimental design. It allows us to determine the sample size required to detect an effect of a given size with a given degree of confidence. Conversely, it allows us to determine the probability of detecting an effect of a given size with a given level of confidence, under sample size constraints. If the probability is unacceptably low, we would be wise to alter or abandon the experiment.

Answer 43

Power analysis

Question 44

The confidence that we can place in the cause and effect relationship in a scientific study.

Answer 44

Internal validity

Question 45

The extent to which results of a study can be generalized to the world at large

Answer 45

External validity

Question 46

The appropriateness of inferences made on the basis of observations or measurements (often test scores), specifically whether a test measures the intended construct.

Answer 46

Construct validity

Question 47

The conclusion reached or inference drawn about the extent of the relationship between the two variables

Answer 47

Statistical validity

Question 48

Interference by a third variable so as to distort the association being studied between two other variables, because of a strong relationship with both of the other variables.

Answer 48

Confounding variable

Question 49

Open, allowing new ideas to be brought up during the interview as a result of what the interviewee says.

Answer 49

Semistructured interview

Question 50

Questions are not prearranged

Answer 50

Unstructured interview