Mid- Term Flashcards
Afferent nerve
sends information from the skin to the spinal cord
Efferent nerve
send information from the CNS in order to initiate an action
V1 (striate cortex)
Known as the primary visual area ; Segregates pattern vision from motion signals
V2
Second level in hierarchy (3D vision/ seeing camouflage & more complex patterns)
V2-V3
further distinct parallel pathways emerge en rout to the parietal cortex, superior temporal sulcus, and inferior temporal cortex, for further processing
v3
Shape perception
V4
Color area and shape perception
V5
motion area
Occipitoparietal stream (Dorsal Stream)
takes part in vision for action and flows from area V1 to posterior parietal visual areas
Occipitotemporal Stream( ventral stream)
Takes part in object recognition and flows from area V1 to temporal visual areas
STS stream
where information to and from dorsal and ventral streams converges, flows from area V1 into superior temporal sulcus
Vision for Action
Visual processing required to direct specific movements
Action for Vision
- Viewer actively searches for only part of the target object and attends selectively to it
- Tend to scan more of the left visual field when looking at faces
Visual Recognition
recognition of objects and ability to respond to visual information
Visual Space
Visual information comes from specific locations in space and assign meaning to objects
Allocentric space
location relative to one another
Visual Attention
we select specific aspects of visual input and attend to them selectively
Object Agnosia
failures of visual recognition
Apperceptive
failure of object recognition where basic visual functions preserved (acuity, color, motion) preserved inability to develop a percept of the structure of an object(s)
Associative Agnosia
inability to recognize object despite its apparent perception
Prospagnosia
cannot recognize previously known faces, including their own as seen in a mirror or photograph
Alexia
an inability to read has often been regarded a symptom complementary to facial-recognition deficits. Alexia is most likely to result from damage to the left fusiform and lingual areas
Visuospatial Agnosia
The inability to find one’s way around familiar environments such as one’s neighborhood
Postcentral gyrus (Brodmann’s area 1,2,3)
close to the motor cortex around the superior boundary of the Parietal and Frontal Lobe
Superior parietal lobule (area 5 and 7)
The parietal lobe (superior position)
Parietal operculum (area 43)
around the high point of the Sylvian Fissure
Supramarginal gyrus (area 40) and angular gyrus (39)
Follows the dorsal pathway
Regions of intraparietal sulcus
tribute to control of saccadic eye movements (area LIP) and visual control of object-directed grasping (AIP
Theory of Parietal-Lobe Function
Anterior zone processes somatic sensations and perceptions
Posterior Zone is specialized primarily for integrating sensory input from somatic and visual regions and, to a lesser extent, from other sensory regions, are mostly for the control of movement
topographical knowledge
Representations of space vary from simple ones, which are applicable to the control of simple movements to abstract ones (topographical knowledge)
Frontal Lobe
- Frontal association area
- Speech
- Motor cortex
Parietal Lobe
- Somatosensory cortex
- Taste • Speech
- Reading
- Somatosensory association area
Temporal Lobe
• Smell • Hearing
Auditory Association area
Occipital Lobe
• Visual association area
Vision
Spatial Information
- Direct Actions at Objects
Object Recognition
- Objected-centered system must be concerned with size, shape, color, and relative location
- Being able to recognize objects when in diff. vantage points (rely on memory)
sensorimotor transformation
Intergrating the movements of diff. body parts with the sensory feedback of what movements are actually being made and the plans to make movement
Sensorimotor Integration
Experiencing the world through our body map
Posterior parietal lobe
controls visuomotor guidance of movements in egocentric space
Premotor Cortex
Whereas motor cortex provides mechanism for executive individual movements ; premotor selects movements to be executed
Prefrontal Cortex
Motor cortex makes movement, premotor selects, and prefrontal controls cognitive processes
Internal cues
temporal memory guides selection
•Related to movements that are derived from object-recognition (motor streams) of sensory processing
External cues
associative learning (orbitofrontal cortex) ….
Context cues
behavior that is appropriate at one movement might not be if context changes
Autonoetic Awareness
Autobiographic knowledge
Voluntary Gaze
problems with directing gaze. Tend to gaze over picture at random
Self-regulation
deficits in regulation own behavior ( loss of autonoetic awareness)
Response Inhibition
Perseverate on responses in variety of test situations, particularly those with changing demands
