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World Civ > MID TERM > Flashcards

MID TERM Flashcards

0
Q

Al-Andalus

A

A Muslim ruled religion in what is now Spain, est. the eighth century

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1
Q

Abbasids

A

A dynasty that ruled the Muslim empire from 750-1258

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2
Q

Allah

A

The one god that all islams believed in

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3
Q

Caliph

A

A supreme political and religious leader in a Muslim government

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4
Q

Calligraphy

A

The art of beautiful writing

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5
Q

Fatimid

A

A member of the Muslim dynasty that traced its ancestry to Muhammad’s daughter Fatima

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6
Q

Hajj

A

A pilgrimage to Mecca performed as a duty by the Muslims

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7
Q

Hijrah

A

Muhammad’s migration from Mecca to medina in 622

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8
Q

House of wisdom

A

The center of learning established in Baghdad in the 800s

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9
Q

Islam

A

A monotheistic religion that developed in Arabia in the seventh century

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10
Q

Mosque

A

An Islamic place of worship

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11
Q

Muslim

A

A follower of Islam

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12
Q

Quran

A

The holy book of Islam

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13
Q

Shari’a

A

A body of law governing the lives of Muslims

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14
Q

Shi’a

A

The branch of Islam whose members acknowledge Ali and his descendants as rightful successors of Muhammad

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15
Q

Sufi

A

A Muslim who seeks to achieve direct contact with god through mystical means

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16
Q

Sunna

A

An Islamic model for living based on the life and teachings of Muhammad

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17
Q

Sunni

A

The branch of Islam whose members acknowledge the first for caliphs as the rightful successors of Muhammad

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18
Q

Umayyads

A

A dynasty that ruled the Muslim empire from 661-750 and later established al-andalus

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19
Q

The five pillars

A
  • faith in the one god Allah
  • prayer five times a day towards Mecca
  • alms, wealthier people donate to the less fortunate
  • fasting during the holy month of Ramadan
  • pilgrimage to Mecca once in your life called the hajj
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20
Q

Rightly guided caliphs

A
  • Abu-bakr, umar, uthman, Ali had all known Muhammad

- used Quran and Muhammad’s actions as guides to leadership

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21
Q

Umayyads

A
  • moved capitol to Damascus
  • abandoned simple life and surrounded themselves in wealth and ceremony similar to non Muslim rulers
  • took over by rebel groups in 750
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22
Q

Abbasids

A
  • moved capitol to Baghdad
  • created banks and major trade routes
  • murdered all members of the Umayyad caliphate to start theirs
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23
Q

Muslim social classes

A
  • upper class: Muslims at birth
  • second class: converts to Islam
  • third class: Jews and Christians (protected people)
  • lower class: slaves
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24
Q

Role of Muslim women

A
  • had a significant amount of economic and property rights
  • had access to education
  • responsible for raising children
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25
Q

Muslim science and technology

A

Created lunar calendar to know where to pray towards Mecca each day.

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26
Q

Birth of Muhammad

A

570

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27
Q

The Hijrah

A

622

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28
Q

Death of Muhammad, Abu bakr becomes first caliph

A

632

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29
Q

Umayyad caliphate

A

661-750

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30
Q

Abbasid caliphate

A

750-1258

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31
Q

Fatimid caliphate

A

90-1171

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32
Q

Justinian

A

A high ranking byzantanian nobleman that claimed the throne of the eastern empire

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33
Q

Justinian code

A

The body of law that was created by Justinian

  • the code: contained 5,000 roman laws that were still useful
  • the digest: summarized the opinions of Rome’s greatest legal thinkers
  • the institutes: textbook that taught law students how to use the laws
  • the novellae: new laws
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34
Q

Hagia Sophia

A

The cathedral of holy wisdom in Constantinople, built by order of Justinian

35
Q

Patriarch

A

A principal bishop in the eastern branch of Christianity

36
Q

Icons

A

Religious images used by eastern Christians

37
Q

Excommunication

A

The taking away of a persons membership in the Christian church

38
Q

Cyrillic alphabet

A

An alphabet for the writing of Slavic languages created by saints Cyril and Methodius

39
Q

Nika rebellion

A

Two political groups that revolted against the government and started a riot in the hippodrome

40
Q

Slavs

A

People from the forests north of the Black Sea

41
Q

Vladimir

A

Took the throne to Kiev in 950, converted to Christianity

42
Q

Yaroslav the wise

A

Vladimirs son that helped to expand Russia to greater glory

43
Q

Kiev

A

A city on the Dnieper river that had access to Constantinople by water

44
Q

Moscow

A

The city in Russia that broke free from mongol rule

45
Q

Mongol rule in Russia

A

Russians could follow normal customs, but no rebelling. Mongols demanded obedience and massive amounts of payment

46
Q

Ivan 1

A

Gained gratitude of Mongols by helping crush a Russian rebellion
Convinced patriarch of Kiev to move to Moscow
Was criticized by other citizens until they won the standoff against the Mongols, liberating them

47
Q

Ivan III

A

Openly challenged mongol rule, refused to pay tributes

Won the standoff at the ulga river against the Mongols

48
Q

Byzantine empire threats/how did they hold off enemies?

A

Arabs, Slavs, and Russians threatened the empire, but the empire used bribes, diplomacy, political marriages and military strength to hold off their enemies

49
Q

Church split in 730 cause

A

Large distance between the two churches, and a lack of communication.

50
Q

Sacraments

A

Visible signs of something sacred

51
Q

How did Vladimir unite and strengthen Kiev?

A

Expanded Kiev into Poland and north toward the Baltic Sea. He also fought off nomads on the southern steppe.

52
Q

How did Yaroslav lead Kiev to glory?

A

Created a legal code relating to Kievs society, married his daughters off to kings and princes of Western Europe which forged trading alliances. Also built the first library in Kiev

53
Q

How did Yaroslav lead to Kievs decline?

A

He split power among his four sons instead of passing it down to his eldest son, and when he died his sons fought over which territory they wanted

54
Q

Emperor Constantine establishes Constantinople

A

330

55
Q

Justinian becomes emperor of Byzantine empire

A

527

56
Q

Nika rebellion (dates)

A

532

57
Q

Emperor Leo III banned icons

A

730

58
Q

Church split

A

1054

59
Q

Vikings descent into modern day Russia

A

800s

60
Q

Baptism of all Kiev citizens

A

989

61
Q

Yaroslav took throne

A

1019

62
Q

Mongols attack and demolish Kiev

A

1240

63
Q

Mongols and Russians face in a standoff

A

1480

64
Q

Sui dynasty achievements

A
  • completion of grand canal
  • connecting huang he and Chang Jiang rivers
  • rebuilding the Great Wall
65
Q

Tang taizong

A

The tang emperor from 626-649

66
Q

Tang Dynasty achievements

A
  • Taizongs armies re conquered northern and western land
  • extended influence over Korea
  • strengthened central government of China
  • expanded roads and canals made by the Sui
  • promoted foreign trade and agriculture
67
Q

Wu Zhao

A

Empress that ruled the Korean campaign in the Tang Dynasty

Only woman to ever name herself empress

68
Q

Civil service examination

A

The test taken to assume a political position, open to all men.
The rich could pay for years of education relating to these tests.

69
Q

Song Dynasty accomplishments

A
  • bought peace with their northern enemies through trade

- established a new capitol at Hangzhao

70
Q

Tang and Song Dynasty inventions

A
  • Moveable type
  • gunpowder
  • magnetic compass
  • paper money
71
Q

Steppe

A

Vast belt of dry grassland that stretched across Eurasia

72
Q

Nomadic pastoralists

A

Herded domesticated animals
On the move constantly looking for grazing land for their animals
Moved according to seasonal patterns
Depended on animals for food, clothing, and housing

73
Q

Nomads vs settled societies

A

Often engaged in peaceful trade, but sometimes when some societies were weak or the nomads were just jealous, they would attack the settled societies

74
Q

The rise of the Mongols

A

Temujin united his Mongol army by conquering nomadic clans one by one and earned the name Ghengis khan which means universal ruler

75
Q

Ghengis khan

A

For 21 years he led his mongol army to conquer most of Asia.
After one of his ambassadors was murdered by the Muslims, he launched a campaign of terror across Central Asia and took cities by killing all of their inhabitants

76
Q

Ghengis as a conquerer

A
  • Brilliant organizer: organized his armies into a mighty fighting force, 1,000 man brigades, 100 man companies, and 10 man squads
  • Gifted strategist: confused enemies by attacking from different locations, then all at once
  • Cruelty as a weapon: terrified his enemies into surrender
77
Q

Pax Mongolica

A

The Mongol peace, guaranteed safe passage for caravans and traders on the silk roads, ideas travelled along with trade goods

78
Q

The khanates

A
  • Khanate of the great khan: China
  • Khanate of Chagatai: Central Asia
  • Khanate of the Golden Horde: Russia
  • Ilkhanate: Perisa
79
Q

Kublai Khan

A
  • conquered China and started the Yuan Dynasty after Ghengis khans death
  • united china for first time in 300 years
  • opened China to trade and foreign contacts
  • tolerated Chinese culture and made a few improvements to the government
80
Q

Yuan Dynasty achievements

A

Built the capitol at the site of modern Beijing

Moved Mongolian capitol to China, shows how much kublai khan wanted to make an impact

81
Q

Failure to conquer Japan

A
  • Kublai sent huge fleets of mongol and Korean soldiers to japan, which cost a lot of money
  • second fleet carried 150,000 soldiers against japan, the largest seaborne invasion until WWII
  • after 53 days, japan succeeded to hold them off
  • typhoon started and destroyed all enemy ships.
82
Q

Kamikaze

A

The “divine wind” or typhoon that the Japanese saw as what saved them against the Mongols

83
Q

What were the levels of society in tang and song china?

A
  • upper class: consisted of scholar officials and their families, known as the gentry
  • urban middle class: merchants, shopkeepers, and artisans
  • lower class: laborers, soldiers, servants, peasants
84
Q

Foot binding

A

Showed the wealth and beauty of a woman, reflected the wealth of her husband

85
Q

Chinese rule under kublai khan

A

Trade flourished, Chinese traditions were tolerated
Expanded grand canal to Beijing
Chinese were kept out of high government positions and lived apart from the Mongols

World Civ (4 decks)

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