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mic part 3 > mid term 3 > Flashcards

mid term 3 Flashcards

1
Q

GI - what are the organisms causing bacterial gastroenteritis?

A

salmonella (food ) - self limiting
salmonella typhi and salmonella parathyphi (water- borne or person or person and its imported infection) - self limiting
shigella (person to person) - self limiting
campylobacter jejuni (food - chicken) - self limiting
vibrio - raw seafood - self limiting
clostridium difficile - antibiotic exposure - can n lead to colitis/ toxin megacolon/ death

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2
Q

GE - what are the organisms for viral gastroenteritis?

A

norovirus
rotavirus
adenovirus

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3
Q

GE - what sample to send for the bacteria organisms except for clostridium difficile?

A

stool for culture and sensitivity

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4
Q

GE - how long is the turnaround time for stool culture and sensitivity?

A

24-48hours

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5
Q

GE - what is the sample to send for clostridium difficile?

A

stool for c diff toxin - culture is not performed

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6
Q

GE - what are the sample to send for viral ge?

A

stool - culture is not performed

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7
Q

GE - peritonitis what are the organisms?

A

coliforms
pseudomonas aeruginosa
anaerobes
candida
plastic tube insert via urethra - skin flora bacteria or other environmental bacteria

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8
Q

GE - causes of peptic ulcer dieases ?

A

Hy pylori

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9
Q

GE - what organism causes enteric fever or typhoid fever?

A

salmonella typhi or salmonella paratyphi - antibiotic must be given

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10
Q

GE - too many courses of antibiotics can lead to?

A

c diff

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11
Q

FUNGI - what is candida?

A

it is a yeast

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12
Q

FUNGI - what is candidiasis?

A

normal flora over growth

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13
Q

FUNGI - what are the predisposing factors of candidiasis?

A

antibiotics, immunocompromised and infancy, old age or pregnancy

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14
Q

FUNGI - what to do in candidiasis?

A

stop antibiotics, remove central lines and do blood cultures

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15
Q

FUNGI - what is oral candidiasis called?

A

oral thrush

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16
Q

FUNGI - what does dermatophytes do?

A

they digest keratin - skin (scaly skin), hair (broken shafts), and nails (white, opaque, thick, and brittle)

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17
Q

FUNGI - how does apergillosis affect the lung signs or symptoms?

A

deep breathing, SOB

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18
Q

FUNGI - who does pneumocystis jiroveci affect?

A

lung infections in immunocompromised
common in HIV/AIDS patient

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19
Q

AMR - as per the jim o’neill amr report in 2050 what will cause more death in the world?

A

AMR - antimicrobial resistance

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20
Q

AMR - what is antimicrobial stewardship?

A

Antibiotic stewardship is the effort to optimize how antibiotics are used and is a core strategy to combat antimicrobial resistance.

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21
Q

other infections - what are the 3 different clostridium species?

A

clostridium
perfringens
tetani
botulism

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22
Q

other infections - where is clostridium tetani found?

A

animal faeces or contaminated soil

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23
Q

other infections - what is the cause of tetanus?

A

superficial cut or contaminated splinter

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24
Q

other infections - how does clostridium tetani present?

A

stiffness, lockjaw, sardonic grin, opisthotonus ( extreme arching of the back)

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25
Q

other infections - what os the cause of clostridium botulinum?

A

severe or often fatal food poisoning

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26
Q

other infections - clinical features of clostridium botulinum?

A

double vision, drooping eyelids, descending motor loss with flaccid paralysis, speech and swallowing difficulties and breathing difficulties

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27
Q

other infections - what organism cause meliodosis infection and is known as the vietnamese time bomb?

A

burkholderia pseudomallei

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28
Q

other infections - how does leptospirosis (involves rodents) spread?

A

urine of infected animals

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29
Q

other infections - leptospirosis clinical features?

A

jaundice and red eyes

30
Q

other infections - what is the serious health implication of toxoplasmosis ( from cat shit) ?

A

mother to child - congenital
- miscarriage
- still born child
- the child can have toxoplasmosis signs

31
Q

other infections - intestinal roundworms how to diagnose?

A

ova, cyst and parasite - stool

32
Q

IPC - types of transmission?

A

contact, droplet and airborne - standard precautions

33
Q

IPC - what is standard precaution?

A

first tier of infection control
reduces the risk of transmission of blood-borne and other pathogens

34
Q

IPC - what does green and canvas linen trolley means?

A

for normal soiled linen

35
Q

IPC - what does orange linen trolley mean?

A

grossly blood contaminated linen

36
Q

IPC - what does red linen trolley mean?

A

water-soluble bag - linen from SARS,COVID 19 etc cases

37
Q

IPC - for contact precaution what do u do? isolation

A

single bed or cohort cubicle - MRSA, vre or cprcre

38
Q

IPC - for droplet precaution what do u do? isolation

A

single bed - influenza, mumps, rubella

39
Q

IPC - for airborne precaution what do u do? isolation

A

single and negative pressure room - measles, chicken pox, tb

40
Q

IPC - for protective precaution what do u do? isolation

A

single bed and positive pressure room - severely immunocompromised

41
Q

IPC - for full precaution what do u do? isolation

A

single bed and negative pressure - HCID

42
Q

a pregnant mum, giving birth to a stillborn baby.
before delivery -
Mum was experiencing fever and flu-like symptoms, 2 wks after consuming ‘farm-to-table, all-natural’ unpasteurized milk. what pathogen caused this?

A

listeria monocytogenes

43
Q

common organism for all 3 conditions of brain abscess, liver abscess, and endocarditis is?

A

alpha haem strep

44
Q

staph aureus can cause?

A

toxic shock syndrome

45
Q

a 55-year-old renal transplant patient with suspected bacterial meningitis, after consuming deli meat? what organism it is? deli meat - listeria

A

listeria monocytogenes

46
Q

important gram neg strict anaerobe, GI surgeons antibiotic Regime always cover this and it is found in the Gi tract?

A

Bacteroides fragillia

47
Q

UTI - what are the types of UTI?

A

cystitis - bladder downwards infection
polynephritis - kidney upwards infection
catheter-associated UTI

48
Q

UTI - what is the diagnosis tests done for cystitis?

A

midstream urine culture
bag urine and suprapubic urine - for children
catheter sample

48
Q

UTI - what are the diagnosis tests done for polynephritis?

A

midstream urine culture
bag urine and suprapubic urine - for children
catheter sample
blood culture - if septic

49
Q

UTI - what are the organisms involved in UTI (KEEPP Candida)?

A

gram negative
klebsiella pnuemoniae
e-coli - commonest
enterobacter
proteus - associated with kidney stone
pseudomonas aeruginosa

fungi - candida

50
Q

UTI - why is there fungi ( candida) present?

A

due to antibiotic exposure

51
Q

UTI - what is the treatment for cystitis and CAUTI?

A

PO antibiotics - 3-7 days

52
Q

UTI - what is the treatment for pyelonephritis?

A

IV antibiotics - 7-14days

53
Q

UTI - what is asymptomatic bacteriuria?

A

the culture results is more than 100000 CFU/ml but the patient is asymptomatic - common in 65 years old and above. DO NOT TREAT WITH ANTIBIOTICS except pregnant women or patients undergoing procedures urological

54
Q

UTI - who is given long-term antibiotic prophylaxis?

A

children with recurrent UTI and risk of renal scarring
patients who are frequently affected by UTI affecting quality fo life

55
Q

RESPI - what are the 3 different types of pulmonary infections?

A

community-acquired pneumonia
hospital-acquired pneumonia
ventilator associated pneumonia

56
Q

RESPI - what are the organisms associated with CAP?

A

streptococcus pneumonia
Haemophilus influenza
staph aureus
influenza - virus

57
Q

RESPI - what are the organisms associated with HAP?

A

pseudomonas aeruginosa
MRSA
coliforms

57
Q

RESPI - what are the organisms associated with VAP?

A

pseudomonas aeruginosa
MRSA
coliforms

58
Q

RESPI - what are the samples to send?

A

sputum
endotracheal aspirate - ETA
bronchio alveolar lavage (BAL)

59
Q

RESPI - if there is a high count of epithelial cells, this indicates the sample is poorly taken and the result is unreliable. true or false?

A

true

60
Q

RESPI - what are the empirical antibiotic for CAP?

A

augmentin and ceftriaxone

61
Q

RESPI - severe MRSA infection what IV is given?

A

IV vancomycin

62
Q

RESPI - what are the tests performed?

A

gram stain, culture and sensitivity and PCR - as viral culture is not performed

63
Q

SKIN - what organisms cause cellulitis/impetigo?

A

staph aureus
beta haemolytic strep

64
Q

SKIN - what organisms cause erysipelas? - the face one

A

group a strep

65
Q

SKIN - type 1 necrotizing fasciitis organism?

A

polymicrobial

66
Q

SKIN - type 2 necrotizing fasciitis organism?

A

staph aureus

67
Q

SKIN - gas gangrene caused by?

A

clostridium perifenges

68
Q

SKIN - acute diabetic foot ulcer organism caused?

A

staph aureus or streptococci

69
Q

SKIN - chronic diabetic foot ulcer organisms caused by?

A

gram neg or gram neg and pos

70
Q

SKIN - infections such as septic arthritis/osteomyelitis/discitis organism caused?

A

staph aureus

mic part 3 (1 decks)

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