Mid Term Flashcards
How many teeth in the secondary dentition are nonsuccedaneous?
There are 32 teeth in secondary dentition.
Molars are nonsuccedaneous, there are 12 molars.
Identify succedaneous teeth
A permanent tooth that takes place of a primary tooth. (Everything except molars are succedaneous)
How may teeth are in each arch?
Maxillary - 16
Mandibular - 16
How many teeth are in each quadrant?
8
Teeth numbering systems;
ISO System
Palmer Notation Method
Universal Numbering System
ISO system - used by world health organization. Quadrant as the first number (Adult - 1,2,3,4 Child - 5,6,7,8) Second number is the number of the tooth in the quadrant.
Example; Right permanent wisdom tooth = 18.
Palmer Notation method – Used an L symbol to show the quadrant and the tooth number in the quadrant in the middle. On primary teeth roman numerals or letters are used to describe the tooth location within the quadrant.
Universal Numbering system - Each permanent tooth has its own number from 1 - 32. Primary teeth are described by letters from A - T.
General rules of eruption
Mandibular teeth usually erupt before maxillary teeth.
Teeth in both jaws erupt in pairs.
Teeth erupt slightly earlier in girls vs boys.
Eruption schedule can vary.
“mesial drift”
The natural tendency for the teeth to move towards the front of the mouth (lips). Caused by mastication - becomes an issue when there is a missing tooth/gap. Tooth posterior to the gap will begin to tilt mesially.
“exfoliation”
Exfoliation is when the primary tooth begins to shed therefore the primary tooth’s root begins to loose structure allowing the permanent tooth to erupt beneath it.
“endentulous”
Lacking teeth
What teeth are most commonly congenitally missing?
3rd molars in both the maxillary and mandibular arch’s. Besides the 3rd molars.. Mandibular 2nd pre-molars, and Maxillary lateral incisors are commonly congenitally missing.
Numbering system used at Niagara College ?
ISO system - International Organization of Standardization.
What is the importance of deciduous teeth?
Help children chew food
Help children speak
Hold space in jaws for permanent teeth
Set stage for healthy smiles
“cervical line”
A line on the neck of the tooth where the cementum and enamel meet. ( Cemento-enamel junction line)
“mixed dentition”
Where both primary and permanent teeth are present in the mouth. (transition stage)
Permanent dentition
Teeth that replace the primary teeth, adult teeth.
Deciduous dentition
Temporary teeth (baby teeth), contains 20 teeth.
“primate spacing”
A natural occurring spacing between the primary teeth.
“diastema”
A space or gap between two teeth.
“furcation”
furcation means separation - splitting up of dental roots.
Furcation is located between on the bottom of the tooth in the middle of the roots (surrounded by the roots)
“bifurcation”
bi = 2, mandibular molars have 2 roots, while maxillary molars have 3 roots.
“mamelons”
“mamelon” is french for nipple. They are present on the cutting edge of the incisors.
“abrasion”
Loss of tooth structures caused by mechanical forces from a foreign element.
“bruxism”
Excessive grinding of teeth
“mastication”
chewing
“resorption”
the tooth breaks itself down, happens to primary teeth before permanent teeth erupt.
“attrition”
Loss of tooth structure by mechanical forces from opposing teeth.
“apex”
End of the tooth root
“crown”
Dental restoration which completely caps the tooth.
“alveolar process”
Thickened ridge of the bone that contains tooth sockets.
“anatomical crown”
The biting surface of the tooth where the pits and fissures are located
“cementoenamel juntion”
CEJ - the line where the cementum and the enamel meet at the neck of the tooth.
“clinical root”
The portion of the tooth embedded in the surrounding structures.
“eruption”
Where the tooth enters the mouth and become visible
“alveolus”
Sockets in the jaw where the roots of teeth are held.
“sulcus”
Area where the gum is not connected to the tooth but is tightly attached to it. normally 0 - 3mm
“overbite”
Refers to the lower jaw being to far behind the upper jaw
“overjet”
Refers to the extent of the horizontal overlap of maxillary central incisors over mandibular central incisors.
“crossbite”
Where a tooth has a more buccal or lingual position.
“openbite”
occlusion in which certain opposing teeth fail to come together when the jaws are closed; usually confined to anterior teeth.
“clinical crown”
The sides of the tooth that show when you smile.
clinical crown vs. anatomical crown
Clinical crown - sides of tooth that show when you smile.
Anatomical crown - biting surface of tooth where pits and fissures are located.
“anatomical root”
refers to the part of the tooth covered by the cementum
clinical root vs. anatomical root
Clinical root - refers to the part of the tooth that is embedded.
Anatomical root - refers to the part of the tooth covered by cementum.
Basic functions of incisors
Used cut or incise food.
Basic functions of canine
Used for holding, biting and tearing food.
Basic functions of premolars?
Used for holding and crushing food.
Basic functions of molars?
Used for grinding food.
Deciduous teeth eruption dates
Mandible erupt before Maxillary. Erupt in pairs.
Mandible - Central incisors: 6-10 months Lateral incisor: 10-16 months First molar 14-18 months Canine (cuspid): 17-23 months Second molar: 23-31 months
Maxillary - Central incisors: 8-12 months Lateral incisors: 9-13 months First molar: 13-19 months Canine (cuspid): 16-22 months Second molar: 25-33 months
Permanent teeth eruption
Mandibular - Central incisors: 6-7 years First molar: 6-7 years Lateral incisors: 7-8 years Canine (cuspid): 9-10 years First premolar (first bicuspid): 10-12 years Second premolar (second bicuspid): 11-12 years Second molar: 11-13 years Third molar: 17-21 years
Maxillary - First molar: 6-7 years Central incisors: 7-8 years Lateral incisors: 8-9 years First premolar (first bicuspid): 10-11 years Second premolar (second bicuspid): 10-12 years Canine (cuspid): 11-12 Second molar: 12-13 years Third molar (wisdom tooth): 17-21 years
Name of the upper jaw bone
Maxillary
Name of lower jaw bone
Mandible
What tooth is the first to erupt in the deciduous dentition?
Mandible central incisors
What age have all baby teeth erupted
3 years old
What age are all permanent teeth erupted
21 years
How many molars are in deciduous dentition
8 molars
How many molars are in permanent dentition
12 molars
How many deciduous premolars are there
0 premolars
How many permanent premolars are there
8 premolars
What is the name for the anterior biting surface?
incisal
What is the name for the posterior biting surface?
occlusal
What part of the tooth is first calcified?
The outer shell of the enamel
What is a “fossa”?
A rounded or angular depression in the occlusal surface of a posterior tooth.
The first molars are developed from how many lobes?
5 lobes
How many roots does a bifurcated tooth have?
two roots
How is a “pit” formed?
Appear where four formative lobes of developing tooth join.
What are sextants?
Divides the teeth in the mouth - there are 6 sextants.
What does the height of contour refer to?
The greatest elevation on a crown of a tooth on the buccal or lingual side.
How many permanent teeth do we have?
32
How many deciduous teeth do we have?
20
Which teeth have only one antagonist?
Mandibular central incisors and Maxillary 3rd molars
Which anterior tooth has the largest crown?
Maxillary central incisors
Which anterior tooth has the smallest crown?
Mandibular central incisors
“transverse ridge”
The union of two triangular ridges
What is a marginal ridge and where is it located?
A linear, rounded border of enamel that forms the mesial and distal margins of anterior teeth as viewed from the lingual, and the mesial and distal borders of occlusal surfaces on posterior teeth.
What is the cusp of Carabelli? Where is it located?
Cusp of Carabelli is a small extra (5th) cusp on the Maxillary (upper) 1st molar. It is found on the mesiopalatal cusp. It is hereditory and is affected by multiple genes. Generally also found more commonly in europeans.
Which tooth has the longest root?
Mandibular and maxillary canine teeth
Which anterior teeth exhibit the most deviation
maxillary lateral incisors
How many lobes form an anterior tooth?
4
Smallest tooth in the mouth
Mandibular central incisors
What is ankyloglossia?
also known as tongue-tie, is a congenital oral anomaly which may decrease mobility of the tongue tip and is caused by an unusually short, thick lingual frenulum, a membrane connecting the underside of the tongue to the floor of the mouth.
What are “tori” and where are they located
A torus (plural “tori”) is a harmless growth of bone. Tori tend to grow in three parts of the mouth:
The roof of the mouth (tori palatini)
The inside of the lower jaw (tori mandibulari, or lingual tori)
The cheek side of the upper molars (buccal exostoses)
What is the composition of cementum and where is it located?
specialized calcified substance covering the root of a tooth.
Where is the dentinoenamel junction located?
boundary to the enamel and the underlying dentin
Acellular cementum
is living tissue that does not incorporate cells into its structure and usually predominates on the coronal half of the root
Cellular cementum
occurs more frequently on the apical half of the root
What are cementoblasts
A biological cell that forms the follicular cells around the root of the tooth
Where is the pulp located what is it composed of
Located in the middle of the tooth composed of living connective tissue and cells called odontoblasts
List the divisions of pulp
coronal pulp
radicular pulp
odontoblasts
One of the cells forming the outer surface of dental pulp that produces tooth dentin
Secondary dentin
Dentin that forms normally after a root end has formed completely.
Define attachment unit. What does it consist of?
The attachment unit consists of the cementum, the alveolar bone (bone surrounding the teeth), and the periodontal ligaments (fibers or ligaments that anchor and support the teeth in their sockets).
Define gingiva, what colour is healthy gingiva
Gums that surround the aveolar bone and the surface of the mouth
coral pink
Gingival pappilla
The small pointed part of the gum between teeth.
Free gingiva
The portion of the gum that surrounds the tooth
Gingival sulcus and what is healthy depth
is an area of potential space between a tooth and the surrounding gingival tissue and is lined by sulcular epithelium. 0-3mm
Attached gingiva
the portion that is firm, resilient, and bound to the underlying cementum and alveolar bone.
Alveolar mucosa
the mucosal lining of the dental alveoli; a thin, soft, fragile continuation of the mucous membrane of the cheek, lips, and floor of the mouth.
Alveolus?
sockets in the jaws in which the roots of teeth are held in the alveolar process of maxilla with the periodontal ligament.
Whats is alveolar bone?
bone that surrounds the roots of the teeth forming bone sockets a.k.a alveolus.
What are Sharpey’s fibres?
bundles of collagen fibres
What makes up the alveolar bone?
composed of compact bone
epithelial attachment, where is it located?
a band of gingival tissue located around the tooths margin
Define embrasure and list their locations.
V-shaped valleys between adjacent teeth.
