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Oral Facial Anatomy > Mid Term > Flashcards

Mid Term Flashcards

1
Q

How many teeth in the secondary dentition are nonsuccedaneous?

A

There are 32 teeth in secondary dentition.

Molars are nonsuccedaneous, there are 12 molars.

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2
Q

Identify succedaneous teeth

A

A permanent tooth that takes place of a primary tooth. (Everything except molars are succedaneous)

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3
Q

How may teeth are in each arch?

A

Maxillary - 16

Mandibular - 16

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4
Q

How many teeth are in each quadrant?

A

8

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5
Q

Teeth numbering systems;

ISO System

Palmer Notation Method

Universal Numbering System

A

ISO system - used by world health organization. Quadrant as the first number (Adult - 1,2,3,4 Child - 5,6,7,8) Second number is the number of the tooth in the quadrant.
Example; Right permanent wisdom tooth = 18.

Palmer Notation method – Used an L symbol to show the quadrant and the tooth number in the quadrant in the middle. On primary teeth roman numerals or letters are used to describe the tooth location within the quadrant.

Universal Numbering system - Each permanent tooth has its own number from 1 - 32. Primary teeth are described by letters from A - T.

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6
Q

General rules of eruption

A

Mandibular teeth usually erupt before maxillary teeth.
Teeth in both jaws erupt in pairs.
Teeth erupt slightly earlier in girls vs boys.
Eruption schedule can vary.

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7
Q

“mesial drift”

A

The natural tendency for the teeth to move towards the front of the mouth (lips). Caused by mastication - becomes an issue when there is a missing tooth/gap. Tooth posterior to the gap will begin to tilt mesially.

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8
Q

“exfoliation”

A

Exfoliation is when the primary tooth begins to shed therefore the primary tooth’s root begins to loose structure allowing the permanent tooth to erupt beneath it.

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9
Q

“endentulous”

A

Lacking teeth

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10
Q

What teeth are most commonly congenitally missing?

A

3rd molars in both the maxillary and mandibular arch’s. Besides the 3rd molars.. Mandibular 2nd pre-molars, and Maxillary lateral incisors are commonly congenitally missing.

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11
Q

Numbering system used at Niagara College ?

A

ISO system - International Organization of Standardization.

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12
Q

What is the importance of deciduous teeth?

A

Help children chew food
Help children speak
Hold space in jaws for permanent teeth
Set stage for healthy smiles

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13
Q

“cervical line”

A

A line on the neck of the tooth where the cementum and enamel meet. ( Cemento-enamel junction line)

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14
Q

“mixed dentition”

A

Where both primary and permanent teeth are present in the mouth. (transition stage)

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15
Q

Permanent dentition

A

Teeth that replace the primary teeth, adult teeth.

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16
Q

Deciduous dentition

A

Temporary teeth (baby teeth), contains 20 teeth.

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17
Q

“primate spacing”

A

A natural occurring spacing between the primary teeth.

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18
Q

“diastema”

A

A space or gap between two teeth.

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19
Q

“furcation”

A

furcation means separation - splitting up of dental roots.

Furcation is located between on the bottom of the tooth in the middle of the roots (surrounded by the roots)

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20
Q

“bifurcation”

A

bi = 2, mandibular molars have 2 roots, while maxillary molars have 3 roots.

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21
Q

“mamelons”

A

“mamelon” is french for nipple. They are present on the cutting edge of the incisors.

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22
Q

“abrasion”

A

Loss of tooth structures caused by mechanical forces from a foreign element.

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23
Q

“bruxism”

A

Excessive grinding of teeth

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24
Q

“mastication”

A

chewing

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25
Q

“resorption”

A

the tooth breaks itself down, happens to primary teeth before permanent teeth erupt.

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26
Q

“attrition”

A

Loss of tooth structure by mechanical forces from opposing teeth.

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27
Q

“apex”

A

End of the tooth root

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28
Q

“crown”

A

Dental restoration which completely caps the tooth.

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29
Q

“alveolar process”

A

Thickened ridge of the bone that contains tooth sockets.

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30
Q

“anatomical crown”

A

The biting surface of the tooth where the pits and fissures are located

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31
Q

“cementoenamel juntion”

A

CEJ - the line where the cementum and the enamel meet at the neck of the tooth.

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32
Q

“clinical root”

A

The portion of the tooth embedded in the surrounding structures.

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33
Q

“eruption”

A

Where the tooth enters the mouth and become visible

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34
Q

“alveolus”

A

Sockets in the jaw where the roots of teeth are held.

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35
Q

“sulcus”

A

Area where the gum is not connected to the tooth but is tightly attached to it. normally 0 - 3mm

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36
Q

“overbite”

A

Refers to the lower jaw being to far behind the upper jaw

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37
Q

“overjet”

A

Refers to the extent of the horizontal overlap of maxillary central incisors over mandibular central incisors.

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38
Q

“crossbite”

A

Where a tooth has a more buccal or lingual position.

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39
Q

“openbite”

A

occlusion in which certain opposing teeth fail to come together when the jaws are closed; usually confined to anterior teeth.

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40
Q

“clinical crown”

A

The sides of the tooth that show when you smile.

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41
Q

clinical crown vs. anatomical crown

A

Clinical crown - sides of tooth that show when you smile.

Anatomical crown - biting surface of tooth where pits and fissures are located.

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42
Q

“anatomical root”

A

refers to the part of the tooth covered by the cementum

43
Q

clinical root vs. anatomical root

A

Clinical root - refers to the part of the tooth that is embedded.

Anatomical root - refers to the part of the tooth covered by cementum.

44
Q

Basic functions of incisors

A

Used cut or incise food.

45
Q

Basic functions of canine

A

Used for holding, biting and tearing food.

46
Q

Basic functions of premolars?

A

Used for holding and crushing food.

47
Q

Basic functions of molars?

A

Used for grinding food.

48
Q

Deciduous teeth eruption dates

A

Mandible erupt before Maxillary. Erupt in pairs.

Mandible - 
Central incisors: 6-10 months
Lateral incisor: 10-16 months
First molar 14-18 months
Canine (cuspid): 17-23 months
Second molar: 23-31 months
Maxillary - 
Central incisors: 8-12 months
Lateral incisors: 9-13 months
First molar: 13-19 months
Canine (cuspid): 16-22 months
Second molar: 25-33 months
49
Q

Permanent teeth eruption

A 
Mandibular - 
Central incisors: 6-7 years
First molar: 6-7 years
Lateral incisors: 7-8 years
Canine (cuspid): 9-10 years
First premolar (first bicuspid): 10-12 years
Second premolar (second bicuspid): 11-12 years
Second molar: 11-13 years
Third molar: 17-21 years
Maxillary - 
First molar: 6-7 years
Central incisors: 7-8 years
Lateral incisors: 8-9 years
First premolar (first bicuspid): 10-11 years
Second premolar (second bicuspid): 10-12 years
Canine (cuspid): 11-12
Second molar: 12-13 years
Third molar (wisdom tooth): 17-21 years
50
Q

Name of the upper jaw bone

A

Maxillary

51
Q

Name of lower jaw bone

A

Mandible

52
Q

What tooth is the first to erupt in the deciduous dentition?

A

Mandible central incisors

53
Q

What age have all baby teeth erupted

A

3 years old

54
Q

What age are all permanent teeth erupted

A

21 years

55
Q

How many molars are in deciduous dentition

A

8 molars

56
Q

How many molars are in permanent dentition

A

12 molars

57
Q

How many deciduous premolars are there

A

0 premolars

58
Q

How many permanent premolars are there

A

8 premolars

59
Q

What is the name for the anterior biting surface?

A

incisal

60
Q

What is the name for the posterior biting surface?

A

occlusal

61
Q

What part of the tooth is first calcified?

A

The outer shell of the enamel

62
Q

What is a “fossa”?

A

A rounded or angular depression in the occlusal surface of a posterior tooth.

63
Q

The first molars are developed from how many lobes?

A

5 lobes

64
Q

How many roots does a bifurcated tooth have?

A

two roots

65
Q

How is a “pit” formed?

A

Appear where four formative lobes of developing tooth join.

66
Q

What are sextants?

A

Divides the teeth in the mouth - there are 6 sextants.

67
Q

What does the height of contour refer to?

A

The greatest elevation on a crown of a tooth on the buccal or lingual side.

68
Q

How many permanent teeth do we have?

A

32

69
Q

How many deciduous teeth do we have?

A

20

70
Q

Which teeth have only one antagonist?

A

Mandibular central incisors and Maxillary 3rd molars

71
Q

Which anterior tooth has the largest crown?

A

Maxillary central incisors

72
Q

Which anterior tooth has the smallest crown?

A

Mandibular central incisors

73
Q

“transverse ridge”

A

The union of two triangular ridges

74
Q

What is a marginal ridge and where is it located?

A

A linear, rounded border of enamel that forms the mesial and distal margins of anterior teeth as viewed from the lingual, and the mesial and distal borders of occlusal surfaces on posterior teeth.

75
Q

What is the cusp of Carabelli? Where is it located?

A

Cusp of Carabelli is a small extra (5th) cusp on the Maxillary (upper) 1st molar. It is found on the mesiopalatal cusp. It is hereditory and is affected by multiple genes. Generally also found more commonly in europeans.

76
Q

Which tooth has the longest root?

A

Mandibular and maxillary canine teeth

77
Q

Which anterior teeth exhibit the most deviation

A

maxillary lateral incisors

78
Q

How many lobes form an anterior tooth?

A

4

79
Q

Smallest tooth in the mouth

A

Mandibular central incisors

80
Q

What is ankyloglossia?

A

also known as tongue-tie, is a congenital oral anomaly which may decrease mobility of the tongue tip and is caused by an unusually short, thick lingual frenulum, a membrane connecting the underside of the tongue to the floor of the mouth.

81
Q

What are “tori” and where are they located

A

A torus (plural “tori”) is a harmless growth of bone. Tori tend to grow in three parts of the mouth:
The roof of the mouth (tori palatini)
The inside of the lower jaw (tori mandibulari, or lingual tori)
The cheek side of the upper molars (buccal exostoses)

82
Q

What is the composition of cementum and where is it located?

A

specialized calcified substance covering the root of a tooth.

83
Q

Where is the dentinoenamel junction located?

A

boundary to the enamel and the underlying dentin

84
Q

Acellular cementum

A

is living tissue that does not incorporate cells into its structure and usually predominates on the coronal half of the root

85
Q

Cellular cementum

A

occurs more frequently on the apical half of the root

86
Q

What are cementoblasts

A

A biological cell that forms the follicular cells around the root of the tooth

87
Q

Where is the pulp located what is it composed of

A

Located in the middle of the tooth composed of living connective tissue and cells called odontoblasts

88
Q

List the divisions of pulp

A

coronal pulp

radicular pulp

89
Q

odontoblasts

A

One of the cells forming the outer surface of dental pulp that produces tooth dentin

90
Q

Secondary dentin

A

Dentin that forms normally after a root end has formed completely.

91
Q

Define attachment unit. What does it consist of?

A

The attachment unit consists of the cementum, the alveolar bone (bone surrounding the teeth), and the periodontal ligaments (fibers or ligaments that anchor and support the teeth in their sockets).

92
Q

Define gingiva, what colour is healthy gingiva

A

Gums that surround the aveolar bone and the surface of the mouth
coral pink

93
Q

Gingival pappilla

A

The small pointed part of the gum between teeth.

94
Q

Free gingiva

A

The portion of the gum that surrounds the tooth

95
Q

Gingival sulcus and what is healthy depth

A

is an area of potential space between a tooth and the surrounding gingival tissue and is lined by sulcular epithelium. 0-3mm

96
Q

Attached gingiva

A

the portion that is firm, resilient, and bound to the underlying cementum and alveolar bone.

97
Q

Alveolar mucosa

A

the mucosal lining of the dental alveoli; a thin, soft, fragile continuation of the mucous membrane of the cheek, lips, and floor of the mouth.

98
Q

Alveolus?

A

sockets in the jaws in which the roots of teeth are held in the alveolar process of maxilla with the periodontal ligament.

99
Q

Whats is alveolar bone?

A

bone that surrounds the roots of the teeth forming bone sockets a.k.a alveolus.

100
Q

What are Sharpey’s fibres?

A

bundles of collagen fibres

101
Q

What makes up the alveolar bone?

A

composed of compact bone

102
Q

epithelial attachment, where is it located?

A

a band of gingival tissue located around the tooths margin

103
Q

Define embrasure and list their locations.

A

V-shaped valleys between adjacent teeth.

Oral Facial Anatomy (1 decks)

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