Mid term Flashcards
Kaaba
cube building at the center of Islam’s most sacred mosque in Mecca. It is the most sacred point within this most sacred mosque, making it the most sacred location in Islam.
Eurocentric
From the perspective of Europe of “The West”
Ummah
Arabic word meaning “nation” or “community”
Twelvers
people that believed leaders should stay within the family. Believed next successor is hidden and will come to them on judgment day
Five Pillars of Islam
1) Shahadah – testing of faith – one god Mohammad is prophet
2) Salat – prayer – 5 times a day facing Mecca
3) Zakat – giving % of income to poor/community
4) Sawm – fasting during Ramadam
5) Hajj – pilgrimage to Mecca / Holy Sites
Hijab
Headpieces worn by women
Muhammad Ali
ruler – Egyptian / Arab nationalism
Transjordan
after WWII British area
Osmanlik
Ottoman ‘nationalism’
Sykes-Picot Agreement
a secret agreement between the governments of the United Kingdom and France, with the assent of Russia, defining their proposed spheres of influence and control in the Middle East should the Triple Entente succeed in defeating the Ottoman Empire during World War I.
Sunni
Successors from Community of believers/sunna
People of the Book
designate non-Muslim adherents to faiths which have a revealed scripture
Dhimmi
non-Muslim citizens of an Islamic state
Kibbitzum
gathering / clustering
Shariah
Islamic religious law
Janissary
a devoted follower or supporter.
Capitulations
economic reforms
Tanzimat
education, military, cultural
Battle of the Pyramids
orientalism – british and OE defeat French troops
Ayatollah
‘hidden imam’, Mahdi
Harem
Area around the Sultans living quarters where the sultans mother lives, and she makes more then he does
Zionism
Political movement for establishment of Jewish homeland in Palestine
Mustafa Kemal
“Ataturk” (father Turk) – President of Turkey
Orientalism
Eurocentric view of the world in which “The West” is the norm, “The East” (Middle East, Far East) is other
Mecca
a city in the Hejaz and the capital of Makkah Province in Saudi Arabia
Yishuv
Jewish community in Palestine before Israel
Shi’a
Partisans of Ali-Successors from Muhammad’s family
Ghazi
a Muslim fighter against non-Muslims
Devshirme
The sultan would collect Christian boys from the Balkans and turn them into his slaves
“Eastern Question”
ottoman empire, as it weakened
Arab Revolt, 1916
Sharif Husayn, T.E. Lawrence
Reward: Arab nation
Caliph
religious and political leader
Balfour Declaration
letter from British Foreign Secretary that made public the British support of a Jewish homeland in Palestine
“Auspicious Incident”
military reforms - 1826
Young Turks
a member of a revolutionary party in the Ottoman Empire who carried out the revolution of 1908 and deposed the sultan Abdul Hamid II.
Ahistorical
lacking historical perspective or context
Mandate
to administer or assign (as a territory) under a mandate
Early Ottoman Empire: Success, problems leading to era of decline.
1300-1700’s. O.E. had gunpowder, ghazi warriors, and Bureaucracy/court tradition – had the sultan – his mother lived in the harem – made more money then he did. Had a rapid growth and success. Had religious/culture tolerance, flexible laws & governance, skilled, effective bureaucracy & military.
Late Ottoman Empire/Young Turks: Who, what, where, etc.
1700-1900’s. Financial crisis, Battle of the Pyramids, British and OE defeat French troops (1805), loss of international status, loss of income, strain on domestic population.
