mid term 2 cards

Question 1

can RTIs be asymptomatic?

Answer 1

yes even serious ones

Question 2

what is normal vag ph

Answer 2

3.8-4.5

Question 3

what is normal semen ph

Answer 3

7.5

Question 4

role of lactobacilli in vag

Answer 4

inhibits growth of anaerobes and other organisms

Question 5

what will elevated vaginal ph do to lactobacilli?

Answer 5

kills them while anaerobes flourish

Question 6

what is the most common type of vaginitis?

Answer 6

gardnerella (bacterial yeast infection)

Question 7

what is the second most common type of vaginitis?

Answer 7

yeast infection (candida albicans)

Question 8

are gardnerella and candidiasis STIs?

Answer 8

NO

Question 9

what is important about trichomonas?

Answer 9

it is an STI and it facilitates transmission of HIV and other STIs

Question 10

what stage of the virus herpes is where it is usually spread to partner?

Answer 10

asymptomatic viral shedding (70%)

Question 11

what is the progression of herpes?

Answer 11

replicates in ganglia- migrates to mucosa- replicates in epithelium- lesions

Question 12

where specifically does syphillis infect?

Answer 12

capable of infecting almost any organ and system

Question 13

what do you see with primary syphillis?

Answer 13

chancre; PAINLESS

Question 14

when do you see secondary syphillis?

Answer 14

2-8 weeks after chancre. Pts often develop rash

Question 15

how do you diagnose someone with syphillis?

Answer 15

FTA-ABS: MHA-TP

Question 16

what is the only STI that can be transmitted through bedding, clothing?

Answer 16

pubic lice

Question 17

symptoms of gonorrhea?

Answer 17

ARTHRITIS, urethritis, cervicitis

Question 18

what are two reportable drugs in oregon?

Answer 18

gonorrhea and chlamydia

Question 19

what cells are most susceptable to HIV infection?

Answer 19

langerhan’s cells in the mucosa

Question 20

what is the most infectious phase of HIV?

Answer 20

primary viremia= virusin the lymph system

Question 21

what are the 5 fluids that contain HIV?

Answer 21

blood, semen, pre semenal fluid, vaginal fluid, breast milk

Question 22

how do you test for HIV

Answer 22

ELISA- if positive- western blot

Question 23

what do HIV screening tests look for?

Answer 23

anti bodies

Question 24

what does the HIV window mean?

Answer 24

during the period of a pt being infected, they can still infect orthers but still test negative to the ELISA test

Question 25

what are the clinical sx of AIDS

Answer 25

CD4<14% (helper T cells)

Question 26

what is the treatment for AIDS

Answer 26

reverse transcriptase inhibitors: AZT (efficacy decreases with time)

Question 27

what are common long term side effects of HIV meds?

Answer 27

diabetes, osteoporosis, cardiovascular dz

Question 28

is Cancer a side effect of HIV meds

Answer 28

NO

Question 29

do condoms prevent transmission of HIV more effecitively than transmission of HPV and HSV?

Answer 29

yes because its difficult to transmit through the oral mucosa

Question 30

do most women with breast cancer have a family member with breast cancer?

Answer 30

no

Question 31

what does plan b do to stop a pregnancy

Answer 31

DOES NOT TERMINATE PREGNANCY it stops implantantion and needs to be taken within 5 days after intercourse

Question 32

what is RU-486?

Answer 32

it is NOT an emergency contraception. It is used to terminate an already est preg

Question 33

what is the mechanism of Plan B

Answer 33

inhibits ovulation; alters endometrium; DOES NOT AFFECT AN EST PREG

Question 34

how do Mirena, Ortho-evra patch and plan b work?

Answer 34

supresses FSH and LH surge

Question 35

is and IUD paraguard hormonal or non?

Answer 35

non

Question 36

nuva ring and ortho evra patch time of usage

Answer 36

3 weeks in 1 week off

Question 37

how long do you need to wait for spermacide to work PRIOR to intercourse?

Answer 37

30 mins

Question 38

what are the contraindications to a diaphagm

Answer 38

prolapse, allergy to latex, vaginal septa or fistula

Question 39

what is a scrotal granuloma?

Answer 39

benign lump may develop as a result of leakage of sperm from the cut end of the vas into the scrotal tissue resulting in an inflammtory process

Question 40

why is erectile dysfunction a side effect of vasectomy?

Answer 40

May be mostly psychologic in nature; vasectomy may exacerbate previous difficulties and problems b/t partners

Question 41

does a vasectomy cause prostate cancer?

Answer 41

no according to a new zealand study

Question 42

contraindications to hormonal contraception

Answer 42

liver dz, pregnancy, hx/ current HTN or Heart/ vascular dz, breast cx

Question 43

side effects of hormonal contraception

Answer 43

decreases glucose tolerance, decrease serotonin= depression

Question 44

what is a copper- T IUD

Answer 44

a non hormonal method of conraception

Question 45

contraindications to Copper IUD

Answer 45

Abnormal uterine anatomy; enlarged uterus; nulliparous; current/past PID; known or suspected Pg; Hx of ectopic pregnancy; DUB of unknown cause; suspected malignancy; copper allergy or Wilsons disease

Question 46

what are the early IUD danger signs?

Answer 46

Late/missed period; abdominal pain; fever, chills; increased discharge; odorous discharge; big changes in bleeding: breakthrough bleeding, heavy periods, clots

Question 47

what is perimenopause?

Answer 47

pituitary continues to release hormones (FSH/LH) to stim ovaries

Question 48

what is a marker for menopause?

Answer 48

rising fsh

Question 49

what does fsh increase in menopause?

Answer 49

follicles decrease, oocytes no longer mature, decrease in ovarian production of estradiol

Question 50

how does soy help with menopause?

Answer 50

40% reduction in vasomotor symptoms, improves lipid profile, slows bone loss, improved CVD function

Question 51

what are the consequences of normal menopause estrogen loss?

Answer 51

hot flashes, insomnia, irritability etc

Question 52

at what age is it considered premature menopause?

Answer 52

prior to 40

Question 53

can perimenopausal women get pregnant?

Answer 53

YES

Question 54

when should you get general screens for: mammograms

Answer 54

over 40

Question 55

when should you get general screens for: DEXA

Answer 55

over 65

Question 56

when should you get general screens for: colonoscopy

Answer 56

over 50

Question 57

when does endometriosis affect women the most?

Answer 57

women of reproductive age

Question 58

when do most women die with Mis?

Answer 58

die from first MI

Question 59

HDL normals?

Answer 59

<35

Question 60

LDL normals?

Answer 60

<130

Question 61

what causes more deaths; breast cancer or CVD?

Answer 61

CVD (1:25)

Question 62

higher testosterone in female causes?

Answer 62

acne, hair thinning

Question 63

what is the main issue with HRT?

Answer 63

increase risk of dvt

Question 64

What are some risk factors for OP?

Answer 64

smoking and low estrogen

Question 65

what do you need to know about pelvic manipulaton?

Answer 65

This is sensitive work, i.e. chance for women to be uncomfortable, malpractice suits, etc.. Always have the patient sign an informed consent prior to treatment. Do not do intrapelvic work on pregnant women, a women with an infection or women with IUDs Specialty training is needed to do this work on patients. Intrapelvic work is useful for treating pelvic pain, pelvic adhesions, dysmenorrheal. NOT cervical dysplasia.

Question 66

Where is the most common site for fibrous cystic (benign) and/or malignant disease?

Answer 66

uoq

Question 67

Where does the breast lie?

Answer 67

b/t ribs 2-6 b/t eternal angle and midaxillary line

Question 68

Most common breast conditions women consult a doctor about

Answer 68

Breast pain, nipple discharge, palpable mass

Question 69

What is mastitis? And when is it most commonly seen?

Answer 69

Infection seem during lactation or when skin is disrupted; seen in first 2-4 weeks postpartum

Question 70

What is the difference b/t benign and pathological nipple discharge?

Answer 70

Benign: bilateral, nonspontaneous; pathological: unilateral spontaneous (don't need to use pressure)

Question 71

What do you need to do for galactorrhea?

Answer 71

elevate for prolactin levels and if there is elevated levels check for pituitary tumor

Question 72

What pts. Need to have an MRI for breast health?

Answer 72

Current or past diagnosis of brcx, puts. w dense breasts, rectify inconclusive mammogram, sthost at high risk

Question 73

What constitutes as a high risk pt for brcx

Answer 73

Mom with premenopausal brcx; 1st degree relative with brcx

Question 74

What is the most common sign of male brcx

Answer 74

Most brcx in men are under the nipple; so you see nipple discharge