mid term 2 cards Flashcards
can RTIs be asymptomatic?
yes even serious ones
what is normal vag ph
3.8-4.5
what is normal semen ph
7.5
role of lactobacilli in vag
inhibits growth of anaerobes and other organisms
what will elevated vaginal ph do to lactobacilli?
kills them while anaerobes flourish
what is the most common type of vaginitis?
gardnerella (bacterial yeast infection)
what is the second most common type of vaginitis?
yeast infection (candida albicans)
are gardnerella and candidiasis STIs?
NO
what is important about trichomonas?
it is an STI and it facilitates transmission of HIV and other STIs
what stage of the virus herpes is where it is usually spread to partner?
asymptomatic viral shedding (70%)
what is the progression of herpes?
replicates in ganglia- migrates to mucosa- replicates in epithelium- lesions
where specifically does syphillis infect?
capable of infecting almost any organ and system
what do you see with primary syphillis?
chancre; PAINLESS
when do you see secondary syphillis?
2-8 weeks after chancre. Pts often develop rash
how do you diagnose someone with syphillis?
FTA-ABS: MHA-TP
what is the only STI that can be transmitted through bedding, clothing?
pubic lice
symptoms of gonorrhea?
ARTHRITIS, urethritis, cervicitis
what are two reportable drugs in oregon?
gonorrhea and chlamydia
what cells are most susceptable to HIV infection?
langerhan’s cells in the mucosa
what is the most infectious phase of HIV?
primary viremia= virusin the lymph system
what are the 5 fluids that contain HIV?
blood, semen, pre semenal fluid, vaginal fluid, breast milk
how do you test for HIV
ELISA- if positive- western blot
what do HIV screening tests look for?
anti bodies
what does the HIV window mean?
during the period of a pt being infected, they can still infect orthers but still test negative to the ELISA test
what are the clinical sx of AIDS
CD4<14% (helper T cells)
what is the treatment for AIDS
reverse transcriptase inhibitors: AZT (efficacy decreases with time)
what are common long term side effects of HIV meds?
diabetes, osteoporosis, cardiovascular dz
is Cancer a side effect of HIV meds
NO
do condoms prevent transmission of HIV more effecitively than transmission of HPV and HSV?
yes because its difficult to transmit through the oral mucosa
do most women with breast cancer have a family member with breast cancer?
no
what does plan b do to stop a pregnancy
DOES NOT TERMINATE PREGNANCY it stops implantantion and needs to be taken within 5 days after intercourse
what is RU-486?
it is NOT an emergency contraception. It is used to terminate an already est preg
what is the mechanism of Plan B
inhibits ovulation; alters endometrium; DOES NOT AFFECT AN EST PREG
how do Mirena, Ortho-evra patch and plan b work?
supresses FSH and LH surge
is and IUD paraguard hormonal or non?
non
nuva ring and ortho evra patch time of usage
3 weeks in 1 week off
how long do you need to wait for spermacide to work PRIOR to intercourse?
30 mins
what are the contraindications to a diaphagm
prolapse, allergy to latex, vaginal septa or fistula
what is a scrotal granuloma?
benign lump may develop as a result of leakage of sperm from the cut end of the vas into the scrotal tissue resulting in an inflammtory process
why is erectile dysfunction a side effect of vasectomy?
May be mostly psychologic in nature; vasectomy may exacerbate previous difficulties and problems b/t partners
does a vasectomy cause prostate cancer?
no according to a new zealand study
contraindications to hormonal contraception
liver dz, pregnancy, hx/ current HTN or Heart/ vascular dz, breast cx
side effects of hormonal contraception
decreases glucose tolerance, decrease serotonin= depression
what is a copper- T IUD
a non hormonal method of conraception
contraindications to Copper IUD
Abnormal uterine anatomy; enlarged uterus; nulliparous; current/past PID; known or suspected Pg; Hx of ectopic pregnancy; DUB of unknown cause; suspected malignancy; copper allergy or Wilsons disease
what are the early IUD danger signs?
Late/missed period; abdominal pain; fever, chills; increased discharge; odorous discharge; big changes in bleeding: breakthrough bleeding, heavy periods, clots
what is perimenopause?
pituitary continues to release hormones (FSH/LH) to stim ovaries
what is a marker for menopause?
rising fsh
what does fsh increase in menopause?
follicles decrease, oocytes no longer mature, decrease in ovarian production of estradiol
how does soy help with menopause?
40% reduction in vasomotor symptoms, improves lipid profile, slows bone loss, improved CVD function
what are the consequences of normal menopause estrogen loss?
hot flashes, insomnia, irritability etc
at what age is it considered premature menopause?
prior to 40
can perimenopausal women get pregnant?
YES
when should you get general screens for: mammograms
over 40
when should you get general screens for: DEXA
over 65
when should you get general screens for: colonoscopy
over 50
when does endometriosis affect women the most?
women of reproductive age
when do most women die with Mis?
die from first MI
HDL normals?
<35
LDL normals?
<130
what causes more deaths; breast cancer or CVD?
CVD (1:25)
higher testosterone in female causes?
acne, hair thinning
what is the main issue with HRT?
increase risk of dvt
What are some risk factors for OP?
smoking and low estrogen
what do you need to know about pelvic manipulaton?
This is sensitive work, i.e. chance for women to be uncomfortable, malpractice suits, etc.. Always have the patient sign an informed consent prior to treatment. Do not do intrapelvic work on pregnant women, a women with an infection or women with IUDs Specialty training is needed to do this work on patients. Intrapelvic work is useful for treating pelvic pain, pelvic adhesions, dysmenorrheal. NOT cervical dysplasia.
Where is the most common site for fibrous cystic (benign) and/or malignant disease?
uoq
Where does the breast lie?
b/t ribs 2-6 b/t eternal angle and midaxillary line
Most common breast conditions women consult a doctor about
Breast pain, nipple discharge, palpable mass
What is mastitis? And when is it most commonly seen?
Infection seem during lactation or when skin is disrupted; seen in first 2-4 weeks postpartum
What is the difference b/t benign and pathological nipple discharge?
Benign: bilateral, nonspontaneous; pathological: unilateral spontaneous (don’t need to use pressure)
What do you need to do for galactorrhea?
elevate for prolactin levels and if there is elevated levels check for pituitary tumor
What pts. Need to have an MRI for breast health?
Current or past diagnosis of brcx, puts. w dense breasts, rectify inconclusive mammogram, sthost at high risk
What constitutes as a high risk pt for brcx
Mom with premenopausal brcx; 1st degree relative with brcx
What is the most common sign of male brcx
Most brcx in men are under the nipple; so you see nipple discharge
