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mid term 2 cards Flashcards

1
Q

can RTIs be asymptomatic?

A

yes even serious ones

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2
Q

what is normal vag ph

A

3.8-4.5

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3
Q

what is normal semen ph

A

7.5

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4
Q

role of lactobacilli in vag

A

inhibits growth of anaerobes and other organisms

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5
Q

what will elevated vaginal ph do to lactobacilli?

A

kills them while anaerobes flourish

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6
Q

what is the most common type of vaginitis?

A

gardnerella (bacterial yeast infection)

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7
Q

what is the second most common type of vaginitis?

A

yeast infection (candida albicans)

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8
Q

are gardnerella and candidiasis STIs?

A

NO

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9
Q

what is important about trichomonas?

A

it is an STI and it facilitates transmission of HIV and other STIs

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10
Q

what stage of the virus herpes is where it is usually spread to partner?

A

asymptomatic viral shedding (70%)

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11
Q

what is the progression of herpes?

A

replicates in ganglia- migrates to mucosa- replicates in epithelium- lesions

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12
Q

where specifically does syphillis infect?

A

capable of infecting almost any organ and system

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13
Q

what do you see with primary syphillis?

A

chancre; PAINLESS

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14
Q

when do you see secondary syphillis?

A

2-8 weeks after chancre. Pts often develop rash

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15
Q

how do you diagnose someone with syphillis?

A

FTA-ABS: MHA-TP

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16
Q

what is the only STI that can be transmitted through bedding, clothing?

A

pubic lice

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17
Q

symptoms of gonorrhea?

A

ARTHRITIS, urethritis, cervicitis

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18
Q

what are two reportable drugs in oregon?

A

gonorrhea and chlamydia

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19
Q

what cells are most susceptable to HIV infection?

A

langerhan’s cells in the mucosa

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20
Q

what is the most infectious phase of HIV?

A

primary viremia= virusin the lymph system

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21
Q

what are the 5 fluids that contain HIV?

A

blood, semen, pre semenal fluid, vaginal fluid, breast milk

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22
Q

how do you test for HIV

A

ELISA- if positive- western blot

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23
Q

what do HIV screening tests look for?

A

anti bodies

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24
Q

what does the HIV window mean?

A

during the period of a pt being infected, they can still infect orthers but still test negative to the ELISA test

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25
Q

what are the clinical sx of AIDS

A

CD4<14% (helper T cells)

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26
Q

what is the treatment for AIDS

A

reverse transcriptase inhibitors: AZT (efficacy decreases with time)

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27
Q

what are common long term side effects of HIV meds?

A

diabetes, osteoporosis, cardiovascular dz

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28
Q

is Cancer a side effect of HIV meds

A

NO

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29
Q

do condoms prevent transmission of HIV more effecitively than transmission of HPV and HSV?

A

yes because its difficult to transmit through the oral mucosa

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30
Q

do most women with breast cancer have a family member with breast cancer?

A

no

31
Q

what does plan b do to stop a pregnancy

A

DOES NOT TERMINATE PREGNANCY it stops implantantion and needs to be taken within 5 days after intercourse

32
Q

what is RU-486?

A

it is NOT an emergency contraception. It is used to terminate an already est preg

33
Q

what is the mechanism of Plan B

A

inhibits ovulation; alters endometrium; DOES NOT AFFECT AN EST PREG

34
Q

how do Mirena, Ortho-evra patch and plan b work?

A

supresses FSH and LH surge

35
Q

is and IUD paraguard hormonal or non?

A

non

36
Q

nuva ring and ortho evra patch time of usage

A

3 weeks in 1 week off

37
Q

how long do you need to wait for spermacide to work PRIOR to intercourse?

A

30 mins

38
Q

what are the contraindications to a diaphagm

A

prolapse, allergy to latex, vaginal septa or fistula

39
Q

what is a scrotal granuloma?

A

benign lump may develop as a result of leakage of sperm from the cut end of the vas into the scrotal tissue resulting in an inflammtory process

40
Q

why is erectile dysfunction a side effect of vasectomy?

A

May be mostly psychologic in nature; vasectomy may exacerbate previous difficulties and problems b/t partners

41
Q

does a vasectomy cause prostate cancer?

A

no according to a new zealand study

42
Q

contraindications to hormonal contraception

A

liver dz, pregnancy, hx/ current HTN or Heart/ vascular dz, breast cx

43
Q

side effects of hormonal contraception

A

decreases glucose tolerance, decrease serotonin= depression

44
Q

what is a copper- T IUD

A

a non hormonal method of conraception

45
Q

contraindications to Copper IUD

A

Abnormal uterine anatomy; enlarged uterus; nulliparous; current/past PID; known or suspected Pg; Hx of ectopic pregnancy; DUB of unknown cause; suspected malignancy; copper allergy or Wilsons disease

46
Q

what are the early IUD danger signs?

A

Late/missed period; abdominal pain; fever, chills; increased discharge; odorous discharge; big changes in bleeding: breakthrough bleeding, heavy periods, clots

47
Q

what is perimenopause?

A

pituitary continues to release hormones (FSH/LH) to stim ovaries

48
Q

what is a marker for menopause?

A

rising fsh

49
Q

what does fsh increase in menopause?

A

follicles decrease, oocytes no longer mature, decrease in ovarian production of estradiol

50
Q

how does soy help with menopause?

A

40% reduction in vasomotor symptoms, improves lipid profile, slows bone loss, improved CVD function

51
Q

what are the consequences of normal menopause estrogen loss?

A

hot flashes, insomnia, irritability etc

52
Q

at what age is it considered premature menopause?

A

prior to 40

53
Q

can perimenopausal women get pregnant?

A

YES

54
Q

when should you get general screens for: mammograms

A

over 40

55
Q

when should you get general screens for: DEXA

A

over 65

56
Q

when should you get general screens for: colonoscopy

A

over 50

57
Q

when does endometriosis affect women the most?

A

women of reproductive age

58
Q

when do most women die with Mis?

A

die from first MI

59
Q

HDL normals?

A

<35

60
Q

LDL normals?

A

<130

61
Q

what causes more deaths; breast cancer or CVD?

A

CVD (1:25)

62
Q

higher testosterone in female causes?

A

acne, hair thinning

63
Q

what is the main issue with HRT?

A

increase risk of dvt

64
Q

What are some risk factors for OP?

A

smoking and low estrogen

65
Q

what do you need to know about pelvic manipulaton?

A

This is sensitive work, i.e. chance for women to be uncomfortable, malpractice suits, etc.. Always have the patient sign an informed consent prior to treatment. Do not do intrapelvic work on pregnant women, a women with an infection or women with IUDs Specialty training is needed to do this work on patients. Intrapelvic work is useful for treating pelvic pain, pelvic adhesions, dysmenorrheal. NOT cervical dysplasia.

66
Q

Where is the most common site for fibrous cystic (benign) and/or malignant disease?

A

uoq

67
Q

Where does the breast lie?

A

b/t ribs 2-6 b/t eternal angle and midaxillary line

68
Q

Most common breast conditions women consult a doctor about

A

Breast pain, nipple discharge, palpable mass

69
Q

What is mastitis? And when is it most commonly seen?

A

Infection seem during lactation or when skin is disrupted; seen in first 2-4 weeks postpartum

70
Q

What is the difference b/t benign and pathological nipple discharge?

A

Benign: bilateral, nonspontaneous; pathological: unilateral spontaneous (don’t need to use pressure)

71
Q

What do you need to do for galactorrhea?

A

elevate for prolactin levels and if there is elevated levels check for pituitary tumor

72
Q

What pts. Need to have an MRI for breast health?

A

Current or past diagnosis of brcx, puts. w dense breasts, rectify inconclusive mammogram, sthost at high risk

73
Q

What constitutes as a high risk pt for brcx

A

Mom with premenopausal brcx; 1st degree relative with brcx

74
Q

What is the most common sign of male brcx

A

Most brcx in men are under the nipple; so you see nipple discharge

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