Mid Term 2

Question 1

Augustus

Answer 1

Born Gaius Octavian circa 10AD Ruled from Sicily, became first emperor of Rome. Censored the People

Question 2

Caligula & Claudius

Answer 2

Caligula 37AD crazy emperor, succeeded Tiberius. Killed by Praetorian Guard.

Claudius suceeded Caligula in 41AD Conquered Britain, and Improved Roman Infrastructure. Possibly murdered by 4th Wife

Question 3

Nero

Answer 3

Emperor of Rome c. 54 AD, preferred extravagant Life over ruling. Killed a lot of people. Fled for his life.

Question 4

Constantine

Answer 4

Emperor of Rome c. 300AD, Was victorious in the Battle of Milan where his troops bore the Chi Rho Symbol, causing him to place his faith in Christianity. Signed the Edict of Milan ending Christian Persecution. Changed the Capital of the Empire from Rome to Constantinople

Question 5

Justinian

Answer 5

Emperor of Byzantium c. 520AD, though much of the ruling was defered to his wife Theodora. Established the Justinian Code of Laws and the built the Cathedral of Hajia Sophia. Failed to retake lands lost to the Germanic Tribes. Conquered Ravenna

Question 6

5 Pillars of Islam

Answer 6

• Creed: Allah is god, Muhammed is his prophet
• Salat: Pray to Mecca 5 times a day
• Zakat: Donate to the Poor
• Fasting during Ramadan
• Hajj: A Pilgrimage to Mecca

Question 7

Muhammed

Answer 7

Born c. 600 AD in Mecca, married a wealthy widow, in 610 he received a vision, possibly from epilepsy of the verses of the Quran. He recites the verses in Mecca but gains little support. He travels to Medina where he gains great support, causing Islam to spread throughout the the Middle East and into Northern Africa.

Question 8

Clovis

Answer 8

Clovis also known as Louis I was the King of the Franks. He was the son of Childreic who died c. 480. Under Clovis’ rule he established the Merovingian Dynasty. He is famous for his aggressive demeanor and Defeating the Visgoths in the Battle of Vouille. He converted to christianity to appease his wife.

Question 9

Charles the Great

Answer 9

c. 800 Charles The Great also known more famously as Charlemange. Under his rule, he greatly expanded the Frankish Kingdom, Conquered the Lombards naming himself their King he also conquered the Saxons. He rescues Pope Leo III on christmas day who promptly crowned and named him Holy Roman Emperor this led to some controversy indicating that the Pope had more power then the King.

Question 10

Donation of Constintine

Answer 10

he Donation of Constantine was a document presented by the Church claiming it was created by Constantine donating a large sum of money to the church because he was cured of Leprosy in the 1400s the document was discovered to be a fake by Lorenzo Valla

Question 11

Irene

Answer 11

Regent Lord to her Son Constiantine VI of Byzantium. c. 780AD, after Constintine’s stupidity got him killed, Irene was named Emperor until she was ousted in a coup.

Question 12

Trials by Ordeal

Answer 12

Lake
Boiling Pot of Water
Hot Iron Rod

Question 13

Pope Gregory VII vs Henry IV

Answer 13

c. 1070 Henry IV was the Holy Roman Emperor in Germany who was challenging Lay Investure, or who has the right to appoint clergy. Pope Gregory VII excommunicated Henry who travelled to Canossa to meet with the pope and literally beg for forgiveness. Henry’s excommunication is eventually resinded

Question 14

Thomas Beckett v. Henry II

Answer 14

c. 1170 Henry II of England challenged Archbishop Thomas Beckett of Canterbury over who has the right to try clergy members. Beckett excommunicated Henry II, this enrages Henry II, but in his rage some Knights murder Beckett in his name. The Knights are excommunicated, and Henry II is flogged in repentance.

Question 15

William the Conqueror

Answer 15

Born William the Bastard in Normandy he was one of the thee heirs named for the throne of Britain by Edward the Confessor. He battled Harold Godwinson who once served under William. After defeating Godwinson in the Battle of Hastings, he became William the Conqueror. England is formed, and William commisions the Bayeux Tapestry to tell the tale of his victory.

Question 16

Battle of Hastings

Answer 16

Battle of Hastings was the final battle between the Angelo-Saxons and the Normans in 1066. Harold Godwinson and the Angelo-Saxons were defeated by William the Bastard and the Normans. This is detailed in the Bayeaux Tapestry

Question 17

The Knights Templar

Answer 17

The Knights Templar was an order of Priest-Knights formed by Count Hugh de Payns after the First Crusade in 1100AD. The served as guides and priests for Christians on pilgrimages to the Holy Lands. In 1300 Philip IV of France feared they were becoming too powerful and begun a propaganda campaign against them. The order to capture all members was issued on Friday October 13, 1307, many fled to Acre.

Question 18

The 4th Crusade

Answer 18

Was a failed attempt to retake the Holyland The Leaders of the Crusade sought financing in Vencie. They conquered Zara for passage to Constantinople. Alexius of Byzantine offers money to the crusaders to retake the city. After discovering Alexius has no money, the crusaders sack the city and return home.

Question 19

Agincourt

Answer 19

City in France where the final battle of the 100 years war took place in 1415. The 30,000 French Soldiers were slowed by the muddy terrain allowing the better prepared English Forces to defeat the French despite being outnumbered by about 2:1. England’s victory secured their hold over Normandy, and forced Charles VI of France to name Henry V his heir to the throne of France.

Question 20

Joan of Arc

Answer 20

A girl who was born in the vikllage of Doremy France, she believed it was her duty assigned by god to join the French Army and lead them to victory. She helped win in the Battle of Orleans, until she was captured by the English, found guilty at trial and burnt at the stake. This inspired French Soldiers to retake France allowing Charles The Dauphin to be crowned as Charles VII

Question 21

Dante

Answer 21

Dante was a Italian Poet c. 1265 famous for his work The Divine Comedy consisting of 3 books wach at 33 chapters: The Inferno, Purgatory and Paradiso. Each writing on the subject of faith, as Dante is guided through Heaven, Purgatory and Hell by the Roman Writer: Virgil. The Divine Comedy was written vernacular, or in Italian rather then Latin, making his works easier to read.

Question 22

Johann Gutenberg

Answer 22

Johann Gutenberg was born in the Holy Roman Empire in 1455. He was famous for inventing one of the most important inventions ever: The Printing Press. With this invention he was able to produce books at greater rate then by hand, as a result the prices of books dropped, and the literacy rate improved. Its through these changes that new ideas and interpretations of the Bible emerged, leading rise to the Protestant Reformation.

Question 23

Lorenzo Medici

Answer 23

Lorenzo was the leader of House Medici in Florence c. 1470, who were the heads of the Banking Guild, which in turn made the Medici’s the most powerful Family in Florence. After turning down an offer by Pope Sixtus VI, the rival family the Pazzi’s attempt a coup and stage an assassination on Easter Sunday during Mass at Duomo Cathedral. By hiring two priests to assassinate Lorenzo and his brother Guiliano the Pazzi’s sought to overthrow the Medicis. However Lorenzo suvived the coup, the Pazzi’s were executed and the Medici remained prominent.

Question 24

Savanarola

Answer 24

Savanarola was a priest who became power hungry in Florence after the fall of the Medici’s leading to a power vacuum in Florence. He held public burnings in the Florence Signoria primarily the burning Artwork. His corruption led to his eventual excommunication and an eventual burning at the Stake.

Question 25

Martin Luther

Answer 25

c. 1500, protestant reformation, Lutherism Germany, dropped out of Law School to become a Priest, Wrote 95 Thesis posted on Witterberg Church Doors. Began the religious wars, ended with the Treaty of Augsburg

Question 26

Catherine of Aragon

Answer 26

c. 1510, Former wife to Henry VIII’s brother, sister to the King of Spain. Has a daughter Mary, is divorced after Henry forms the anglican church.

Question 27

Mary Tudor

Answer 27

Daughter of Henry VIII and Cathrine of Aragon, Queen of England after the death of Henry. Dubbed Bloody Mary for killing 300 protestants due to her catholic faith. Burnt Archbishop Thomas Cranmer at the Stake

Question 28

Henry VIII

Answer 28

King of England c. 1510. Married Cathrine of Aragon and had a daughter named Mary. Formed the Anglican Church of England to divorce Cathrine, and and Married Anne Bolyen, had a daughter with Anne named Elizabeth.Beheaded Anne on charges of Adultery, married Jane Seymour and had a son named Edward. Jane Seymour dies in Childbirth and Edward is frail in life. Marries three more times. Dies without an heir.

Question 29

Elizabeth

Answer 29

2nd Daughter of Henry VIII and Queen of England after her half-sister Mary dies. Dubbed The Virgin Queen due to never having a husband nor children. Under her rule, she defeats Mary Queen of Scotland and replaced her with James VI who was named her Heir. Additionally under her rule the Roanoke Colony was established in the New World and the creation of the East India Trading Company. England was also Victorious in defeating the Spanish turning England into the strongest Empire.

Question 30

Michelangelo

Answer 30

Michelangelo is a legendary artist from Florence. Among his works includes David, a 14ft statue made of Marble,and two painting in the Cistine Chapel. c. 1480

Question 31

Hadrian

Answer 31

Emperor of Rome c. 120 One of the Five Good Emperors of Rome famous for building Hadrian’s Wall in Northern Britain. It is 80 miles long and 10-15ft high. (A Museum exists near present day Newcastle upon Tyne) Hadrian also successfully conquered Judea, slaughtering 500,000 jews before dying to natural causes.

Question 32

Diocletian

Answer 32

c. 280 Changed the Roman Administration establishing the Tetrarchy. He moved his place of rule to Byzantium and improved the Roman Military.