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mid term 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

EYE - what is conjunctivitis?

A

red eye

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2
Q

EYE - what are the pathogens involved - virus

A

adenovirus

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3
Q

EYE - what are the pathogens involved - bacteria

A

Staph aureus
Strep pnuemoniae
Haemophilus influenzae
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
N gonorrhoea

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4
Q

EYE - what are the pathogens involved - fungi

A

chlamydia or candida (keratitis)

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5
Q

EYE - what are the pathogens involved - parasite

A

microsporidia - from the soil

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6
Q

EYE - keratitis infection of the cornea can cause blindness. true or false?

A

true

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7
Q

ENT (POEMS)- what are the pathogens involved in pharyngitis (sore throat)?

A

common - virus
2nd common - group A streptococcus

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8
Q

ENT (POEMS)- what are the pathogens involved in Otitis externa (infection of the external auditory canal)?

A

staph aureus and pseudomonas aeruginosa

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9
Q

ENT (POEMS)- what are the pathogens involved in Otitis media?

A

streptococcus pneomuniae and Haemophilus influenzae

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10
Q

what is the complication of ottitis media?

A

mastoiditis

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11
Q

ENT (POEMS)- what are the pathogens involved in sinusitis?

A

streptococcus pneomuniae and Haemophilus influenzae

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12
Q

group a streptococcus infection complications are?

A

rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease

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13
Q

BS - definition of bacteremia?

A

bacteria in the blood stream

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14
Q

BS - what is SIRS?

A

Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is an exaggerated defense response of the body to a noxious stressor

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15
Q

BS - What is septicemia?

A

blood poisoning by bacteria

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16
Q

BS - what are the sepsis steps?

A

SIRS, sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock

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17
Q

BS - what are the consequences of septicaemia?

A

mortality
metastatic infection

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18
Q

BS - is a positive blood culture important?

A

yes

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19
Q

BS - why is the aseptic technique important for blood culture collection?

A

contaminated blood culture results can lead to patients being treated with antibiotics unnecessarily, longer hospital stays, and might lead to hospital-acquired infection

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20
Q

BS - line or not line-associated bacteremia how many blood cultures to take?

A

2 sets of blood cultures

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21
Q

BS- rare infection from a line related infection?

A

endocarditis

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22
Q

BS - what are the complications of endocarditis?

A

congestive cardiac failure
stroke
brain abscess

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23
Q

BS - sample to send for endocarditis?

A

3 blood culture 10ml each before antibiotics

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24
Q

BS - what are the pathogens involved in endocarditis?

A

staphylococci, streptococci, and candida

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25
CNS - what is blood brain barrier?
protect CNS from pathogens and prevent entry of antibiotics
26
CNS - 2 types of infection
meningitis and encephalitis
27
CNS - is bacterial meningitis a medical emergency?
yes
28
CNS - for meningitis where is the infection at?
meninges
29
CNS - for the encephalitis where is the infection at?
cerebral cortex
30
CNS - if the csf gram stain is negative what does it mean?
it means its a preliminary result and to wait for the culture results to come to confirm
31
CNS - what are the pathogens for bacterial meningitis?
Neisseria meningitidis, streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae
32
CNS - what is the most common route for pathogens to invade the meninges?
bacteraemia
33
CNS - bacterial meningitis prevention?
vaccination against the pathogens
34
CNS - is viral meningitis very common?
yes
35
CNS - viral encephalitis caused by?
HSV 1 and HSV 2
36
CNS - what is the microbiology lab diagnosis for viral encephalitis?
CSF PCR
37
CNS - early detection of HSV is important why?
can be treated with aciclovir
38
TB- What is the microbiology of MTB (mycobacterium tuberculosis )
acid-fast aerobic bacilli (AFB)- TB have no gram staining
39
TB - who is at increased risk of having MTB?
HIV patients Immunocompromised Intense exposure Homeless Alcoholics Very young people Elderly people Malnutrition Iv drug users Immigrants from developing countries Prison inmates
40
TB - how does TB spread?
droplet nuclei - coughing, sneezing or talking
41
TB - people with latent TB infection (LTBI) asymptomatic and non -infectious. true or false?
true
42
TB - active TB disease is symptomatic and have clinical signs?
yes
43
TB - for active TB what are the microbiology tests and histopathology done?
1. early morning sputum - at least 2 2. nasogastric aspirate 3. urine AFB culture (renal TB) 4. CSF 5. biopsy - lymph nodes/ bone
44
TB - how long does active TB culture reuslts to be out?
15-20hrs or special culture media take up to 8 weeks
45
TB - what other tests are done as a rapid test for the presence of TB and drug resistance?
pcr
46
HIV - mode of transmission?
bloodborne or contact between damaged skin
47
HIV - which immune cell type is attacked by HIV?
CD4 T cells in the lymph nodes
48
HIV - over time HIV can lead to?
AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome)
49
HIV - diagnosis?
antibody and p24 antigen combined screening test
50
HIV - is there treatment?
HAART - highly active antiretroviral therapy
51
DENGUE - clinical presentation?
50% asymptomatic fever with mild or non specific symptoms symptomatic dengue
52
DENGUE - clinical phases of dengue?
febrile, critical and recovery phase
53
DENGUE - in the critical phase there is an increasing hematocrit levels. true or false?
true
54
DENGUE - warning signs?
nausea vomiting abdominal pain hematocrit result increase platelet count decrease
55
DENGUE - severe dengue what are the criteria or s/s?
severe plasma leakage severe haemorrhage severe organ impairment
56
DENGUE - in severe dengue pulse pressure is important cannot be less than 20 mmhg - systolic-diastolic. true or false
true
57
DENGUE - what are the blood tests done?
white cell count baseline hematocrit levels platelet
58
DENGUE - diagnostic tests?
PCR to look for dengue virus - FBC BLOOD TUBE serum for POCT (DENGUE DUO)
59
VIROLOGY - hep a is it self limiting?
yes
60
VIROLOGY - hep a transmission?
fecal-oral, food borne, waterborne and sexually trasmitted
61
VIROLOGY - hep a have vaccine?
yes
62
VIROLOGY - Is hep b self-limiting?
no. chronic infection
63
VIROLOGY - hep b transmission?
person to person, blood and blood products, iv drug users, sexually transmitted, other body fluids
64
VIROLOGY - hep b vaccine?
yes
65
VIROLOGY - hep c self limiting?
no chronic infection
66
VIROLOGY - hep c transmission?
-person to person -blood and blood products -IV drug abuse -sexually transmitted (rare) -high risk with HIV patients
67
VIROLOGY - hep c vaccination?
no
68
VIROLOGY - hep e self limiting?
yes
69
VIROLOGY - hep e trasnmission?
-fecal-oral route -only in developing countries
70
VIROLOGY - hep e vaccine?
no

mic part 2 (1 decks)

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