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mic part 2 > mid term 2 > Flashcards

mid term 2 Flashcards

1
Q

EYE - what is conjunctivitis?

A

red eye

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2
Q

EYE - what are the pathogens involved - virus

A

adenovirus

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3
Q

EYE - what are the pathogens involved - bacteria

A

Staph aureus
Strep pnuemoniae
Haemophilus influenzae
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
N gonorrhoea

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4
Q

EYE - what are the pathogens involved - fungi

A

chlamydia or candida (keratitis)

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5
Q

EYE - what are the pathogens involved - parasite

A

microsporidia - from the soil

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6
Q

EYE - keratitis infection of the cornea can cause blindness. true or false?

A

true

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7
Q

ENT (POEMS)- what are the pathogens involved in pharyngitis (sore throat)?

A

common - virus
2nd common - group A streptococcus

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8
Q

ENT (POEMS)- what are the pathogens involved in Otitis externa (infection of the external auditory canal)?

A

staph aureus and pseudomonas aeruginosa

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9
Q

ENT (POEMS)- what are the pathogens involved in Otitis media?

A

streptococcus pneomuniae and Haemophilus influenzae

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10
Q

what is the complication of ottitis media?

A

mastoiditis

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11
Q

ENT (POEMS)- what are the pathogens involved in sinusitis?

A

streptococcus pneomuniae and Haemophilus influenzae

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12
Q

group a streptococcus infection complications are?

A

rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease

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13
Q

BS - definition of bacteremia?

A

bacteria in the blood stream

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14
Q

BS - what is SIRS?

A

Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is an exaggerated defense response of the body to a noxious stressor

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15
Q

BS - What is septicemia?

A

blood poisoning by bacteria

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16
Q

BS - what are the sepsis steps?

A

SIRS, sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock

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17
Q

BS - what are the consequences of septicaemia?

A

mortality
metastatic infection

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18
Q

BS - is a positive blood culture important?

A

yes

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19
Q

BS - why is the aseptic technique important for blood culture collection?

A

contaminated blood culture results can lead to patients being treated with antibiotics unnecessarily, longer hospital stays, and might lead to hospital-acquired infection

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20
Q

BS - line or not line-associated bacteremia how many blood cultures to take?

A

2 sets of blood cultures

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21
Q

BS- rare infection from a line related infection?

A

endocarditis

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22
Q

BS - what are the complications of endocarditis?

A

congestive cardiac failure
stroke
brain abscess

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23
Q

BS - sample to send for endocarditis?

A

3 blood culture 10ml each before antibiotics

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24
Q

BS - what are the pathogens involved in endocarditis?

A

staphylococci, streptococci, and candida

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25
Q

CNS - what is blood brain barrier?

A

protect CNS from pathogens and prevent entry of antibiotics

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26
Q

CNS - 2 types of infection

A

meningitis and encephalitis

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27
Q

CNS - is bacterial meningitis a medical emergency?

A

yes

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28
Q

CNS - for meningitis where is the infection at?

A

meninges

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29
Q

CNS - for the encephalitis where is the infection at?

A

cerebral cortex

30
Q

CNS - if the csf gram stain is negative what does it mean?

A

it means its a preliminary result and to wait for the culture results to come to confirm

31
Q

CNS - what are the pathogens for bacterial meningitis?

A

Neisseria meningitidis, streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae

32
Q

CNS - what is the most common route for pathogens to invade the meninges?

A

bacteraemia

33
Q

CNS - bacterial meningitis prevention?

A

vaccination against the pathogens

34
Q

CNS - is viral meningitis very common?

A

yes

35
Q

CNS - viral encephalitis caused by?

A

HSV 1 and HSV 2

36
Q

CNS - what is the microbiology lab diagnosis for viral encephalitis?

A

CSF PCR

37
Q

CNS - early detection of HSV is important why?

A

can be treated with aciclovir

38
Q

TB- What is the microbiology of MTB (mycobacterium tuberculosis )

A

acid-fast aerobic bacilli (AFB)- TB have no gram staining

39
Q

TB - who is at increased risk of having MTB?

A

HIV patients
Immunocompromised
Intense exposure
Homeless
Alcoholics
Very young people
Elderly people
Malnutrition
Iv drug users
Immigrants from developing countries
Prison inmates

40
Q

TB - how does TB spread?

A

droplet nuclei - coughing, sneezing or talking

41
Q

TB - people with latent TB infection (LTBI) asymptomatic and non -infectious. true or false?

A

true

42
Q

TB - active TB disease is symptomatic and have clinical signs?

A

yes

43
Q

TB - for active TB what are the microbiology tests and histopathology done?

A
  1. early morning sputum - at least 2
  2. nasogastric aspirate
  3. urine AFB culture (renal TB)
  4. CSF
  5. biopsy - lymph nodes/ bone
44
Q

TB - how long does active TB culture reuslts to be out?

A

15-20hrs or special culture media take up to 8 weeks

45
Q

TB - what other tests are done as a rapid test for the presence of TB and drug resistance?

A

pcr

46
Q

HIV - mode of transmission?

A

bloodborne or contact between damaged skin

47
Q

HIV - which immune cell type is attacked by HIV?

A

CD4 T cells in the lymph nodes

48
Q

HIV - over time HIV can lead to?

A

AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome)

49
Q

HIV - diagnosis?

A

antibody and p24 antigen combined screening test

50
Q

HIV - is there treatment?

A

HAART - highly active antiretroviral therapy

51
Q

DENGUE - clinical presentation?

A

50% asymptomatic
fever with mild or non specific symptoms
symptomatic dengue

52
Q

DENGUE - clinical phases of dengue?

A

febrile, critical and recovery phase

53
Q

DENGUE - in the critical phase there is an increasing hematocrit levels. true or false?

A

true

54
Q

DENGUE - warning signs?

A

nausea vomiting
abdominal pain
hematocrit result increase
platelet count decrease

55
Q

DENGUE - severe dengue what are the criteria or s/s?

A

severe plasma leakage
severe haemorrhage
severe organ impairment

56
Q

DENGUE - in severe dengue pulse pressure is important cannot be less than 20 mmhg - systolic-diastolic. true or false

A

true

57
Q

DENGUE - what are the blood tests done?

A

white cell count
baseline hematocrit levels
platelet

58
Q

DENGUE - diagnostic tests?

A

PCR to look for dengue virus - FBC BLOOD TUBE
serum for POCT (DENGUE DUO)

59
Q

VIROLOGY - hep a is it self limiting?

A

yes

60
Q

VIROLOGY - hep a transmission?

A

fecal-oral, food borne, waterborne and sexually trasmitted

61
Q

VIROLOGY - hep a have vaccine?

A

yes

62
Q

VIROLOGY - Is hep b self-limiting?

A

no. chronic infection

63
Q

VIROLOGY - hep b transmission?

A

person to person, blood and blood products, iv drug users, sexually transmitted, other body fluids

64
Q

VIROLOGY - hep b vaccine?

A

yes

65
Q

VIROLOGY - hep c self limiting?

A

no chronic infection

66
Q

VIROLOGY - hep c transmission?

A

-person to person
-blood and blood products
-IV drug abuse
-sexually transmitted (rare)
-high risk with HIV patients

67
Q

VIROLOGY - hep c vaccination?

A

no

68
Q

VIROLOGY - hep e self limiting?

A

yes

69
Q

VIROLOGY - hep e trasnmission?

A

-fecal-oral route
-only in developing countries

70
Q

VIROLOGY - hep e vaccine?

A

no

mic part 2 (1 decks)

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