Mid term

Question 1

Which of the following is true of health inequity in Canada?

a) Canadian youth report higher happiness scores, and lower poverty than most developed countries

b) Homelessness concerns adult males more than any other population group

c) Poor health outcomes seen in high-risk populations that are not seen in other populations

d) Adolescent girls from low-income families should be prioritized for STI prevention and treatment

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The issues unique to Indigenous people in Canada are important for nurses to acknowledge and address in maternal and child health services. Which of the following would be considered relevant for the nurse to be aware of? (select all that apply)

a) the average age of the Indigenous population is approximately a decade older than the non-indigenous population

b) Indigenous people have their own cultural and health beliefs that need to be considered when planning care

c) Health inequities exist within the Indigenous population due to their knowledge gap regarding healthy lifestyles

d) Residential schools disconnected children from their families and language

e) Indigenous-led healing and health practices are key to promoting Indigenous health and reconciliation

Answer 2

b, d, e

Question 3

A nurse is caring for a family whose mother has been diagnosed with a high-risk pregnancy due to maternal morbidity. During a family meeting, the husband expresses feelings of anxiety and uncertainty about the future. The nurse understands that this situation is best described as:

a) a maturational crisis

b) a situational crisis

c) a developmental crisis

d) a psychosocial adjustment

Answer 3

b

Question 4

Which of the following scenarios qualifies as a maternal death as per the definition provided by the World Health Organization (WHO)

a) a woman dies in a car accident three days after giving birth

b) a woman dies due to a chronic medical condition unrelated to her pregnancy 6 days after delivering her baby

c) a woman dies from a workplace accident while 8 months pregnant

d) a woman dies from complications of preeclampsia one day after delivery

Answer 4

d

Question 5

A 25-year-old patient asks the nurse during their prenatal visit “Is pregnancy bad for my health?” Which of the following responses by the nurse demonstrates accurate information?

a) “Pregnancy is always detrimental to health”

b) “Pregnancy is generally not harmful to health but can present risks for certain individuals”

c) “Pregnancy has no impact on a person’s health regardless of their medical history”

d) “Pregnancy is bad for health and should be avoided whenever possible”

Answer 5

b

Question 6

A nurse is educating a group of expectant parents about pregnancy complications. Which of the following definitions best describes a stillbirth?

a) a preterm infant born before 37 weeks of gestation showing no signs of life.

b) an infant who dies within 24 hours of birth, with a gestational age of at least 20 weeks

c) An infant who died in utero and at birth demonstrates no signs of life, such as breathing, heartbeat, or voluntary muscle movements, with a birth weight greater than 500g or gestational age of 20 weeks or more

d) A newborn weighing less than 500 g at birth who shows no signs of life and is born before 20 weeks of gestation

Answer 6

c

Question 7

A newborn presents with respiratory distress shortly after the baby was born at 41 weeks of gestation, and the amniotic fluid was noted to be green-stained during delivery. Which historical or mythical references might best represent the journey for this condition.

a) hercules and the hydra

b) prometheus and the fire

c) persephone and the seasons

d) jason and the golden fleece

Answer 7

d

Question 8

A public health nurse is working with a low-income family in a community with high infant mortality rates. The mother has a low level of education and is expecting her first child. Based on the social determinants of health, which of the following interventions should the nurse prioritize to address potential inequalities in infant mortality? Select all that apply:

a) Provide education on prenatal nutrition and proper infant care

b) Refer the family to social support services, such as housing and financial assistance programs

c) discuss the importance of regular prenatal care and assist in accessing healthcare providers

d) emphasize the importance of obtaining a high school diploma to improve long-term health outcomes

e) advocate for policies to reduce healthcare costs for low-income families

Answer 8

a, b, c

Question 9

A nurse is providing preconception counselling to a 38-year-old woman. Which of the following statements indicates the patient understands the potential risks associated with conceiving at an older age?

a) “My baby is at a lower risk for developing chromosomal abnormalities because of my age”

b) “I have the same risk for chromosomal abnormalities in my baby as a woman in their 20s”

c) “My age increases the risk of my baby having chromosomal abnormalities, such as Down syndrome”

d) “There is no relationship between my age and the risk of chromosomal abnormalities in my baby”

Answer 9

c

Question 10

A nurse is providing care for an indigenous woman living in an underserved area. Which of the following actions should the nurse prioritize to ensure culturally safe and effective care?

a) encourage the patient to adapt to mainstream healthcare practices

b) provide access to telehealth services to minimize travel for healthcare

c) focus solely on addressing medical needs, leaving cultural factors to the patient

d) collaborate with Indigenous midwives and community leaders to support care

Answer 10

d

Question 11

A public health nurse is working to improve maternal health outcomes for Indigenous families in a remote community. Which intervention aligns with reducing barriers to care?

a) provide financial incentives for families to relocate closer to healthcare facilities

b) increase the availability of culturally safe sexual and reproductive services

c) advocate for more frequent medical evacuations for births in remote areas

d) encourage families to adopt a diet of available processed foods when healthy options are unavailable

Answer 11

b

Question 12

A nurse is providing prenatal care for a pregnant patient experiencing homelessness. The patient expresses fear of undergoing gynecological procedures due to past trauma. Which nursing strategy is most appropriate to address the patient’s concern?

a) schedule the patient for a procedure without further discussion to ensure timely care

b) provide detailed educational materials about gynecological procedures to address misconceptions

c) utilize trauma- and violence-informed care principles to create a safe and supportive environment

d) refer the patient to a social worker without discussing concerns further

Answer 12

c

Question 13

A nurse is educating a group of healthcare professionals about procedures involving the removal or injury of external female genitalia for non-medical reasons. Which statement indicates a need for further education?

a) “Type 1, also known as clitoridectomy, involves the partial or total removal of the clitoris”

b) “Type 3, referred to as infibulation, includes the narrowing of the vaginal opening by sealing it”

c) “Female genital cutting (FGC) is a medical procedure performed to improve reproductive health”

d) “FGC violates fundamental human rights, including the right ot health and physical integrity”

Answer 13

c

Question 14

A nurse is educating a community group about human trafficking. Which of the following statements by a participant indicates a need for further teaching?

a) “Human trafficking is a serious crime that exists in Canada and internationally”

b) “Women and children are the most common victims of human trafficking”

c) “Victims of human trafficking are often forced into labour, sex work, or even organ donation”

d) “Human trafficking primarily occurs only in developing countries, not in developed ones like Canada”

Answer 14

d

Question 15

Which of the following activities is a primary role of Health Canada in maternal and child health?

a) providing direct patient care in clinical settings

b) developing policies and programs for maternal and child health

c) regulating hospital staffing requirements

d) administering individual health insurance plans

Answer 15

b

Question 16

A 42-year-old woman asks the nurse about mammograms, now that she is “getting older”. The nurse should tell her that:

a) the Canadian Cancer Society recommends mammograms every 2 to 3 years for women ages 50-59

b) the frequency of mammograms increases in women ages 70 to 74

c) clinical breast examination will be done in conjunction with mammograms in all adult women

d) she may begin receiving annual mammograms now

Answer 16

a

Question 17

A nurse working in a community health clinic suspects that one of the clients is a victim of human trafficking. Which of the following would be appropriate for the nurse to do? (select all that apply)

a) Assess for tattoos on the client’s body

b) Consider the client’s support person: do they stay the entire time? Do they speak for the client?

c) Look for an unusual rash on the client

d) attempt to arrange for the client to be alone for a brief period

Answer 17

a,b, d

Question 18

The women’s health nurse knows which barriers contribute to some women accessing and receiving health care? (Select all that apply)

a) limited finances

b) sexual orientation

c) substance abuse

d) genetic factors

e) language differences

Answer 18

a, b, e

Question 19

During the preconception phase, the nurse should teach about which infectious diseases as risk factors for maternal complications? (select all that apply)

a) diabetes

b) rubella

c) hepatitis B

d) anemia

e) HIV/AIDS

Answer 19

b, c, e

Question 20

A 52-year-old client experiencing menopause reports hot flashes and night sweats. Which of the following interventions should the nurse recommend first?

a) increase the intake of caffeine to improve energy

b) use lightweight clothing and bedding

c) Take HRT without consulting a healthcare provider

d) Engage in vigorous exercise right before bed

Answer 20

b

Question 21

A client undergoing menopause is concerned about the risk of osteoporosis. Which dietary recommendation should the nurse provide?

a) increase protein intake to build bone density

b) limit calcium intake to avoid kidney stones

c) ensure adequate intake of calcium and vitamin D

d) reduce dairy consumption to maintain hormonal balance

Answer 21

c

Question 22

A nurse is educating a group of women about the cycle of intimate partner violence (IPV). Which phase of the cycle is characterized by a temporary period of calm, affection, and apologies from the abuser, often convincing the victim to stay in the relationship?

a) tension-building phase

b) Honeymoon phase

c) Acute battering incident

d) escalation phase

Answer 22

b

Question 23

A nurse is attending a professional development seminar on maternal health equity in Canada. The speaker discusses the concept of a “colour-blind approach” in the Canadian health care system. Which of the following statements by the nurse indicates a correct understanding of this approach?

A. “A colour-blind approach ensures that health care policies are race-neutral, which eliminates health disparities in racialized communities.”

B. “By not collecting race-based health data, the colour-blind approach effectively prevents racial discrimination in health care settings.”

C. “The colour-blind approach assumes that treating all patients the same will lead to equitable health outcomes, but this often overlooks systemic barriers faced by racialized communities.”

D. “Canada’s colour-blind approach prioritizes targeted interventions for Indigenous and Black populations to address historical health inequities.”

Answer 23

c

Question 24

A nurse is providing prenatal education to a group of Black pregnant women in Canada. Which statement by one of the participants indicates the need for further teaching about racial disparities in perinatal health outcomes?

A. “Black women in Canada have higher rates of maternal mortality compared to White women.”

B. “Systemic racism does not affect how Black women receive maternity care in Canada.

C. ”Black women are at higher risk for preterm birth and low birth weight infants.”

D. ”Culturally appropriate perinatal care can help improve health outcomes for Black mothers and their babies.

Answer 24

b

Question 25

A nurse is assessing a Black pregnant woman during a prenatal visit. The woman expresses concerns about difficulties accessing timely perinatal care. Which social determinant of health is most likely contributing to disparities in perinatal health outcomes for Black women in Canada? A. Genetic predisposition to pregnancy complications B. Limited cultural competency among health care providers C. Personal lifestyle choices that impact pregnancy health D. Equal access to high-quality prenatal care for all women in Canada

Answer 25

b

Question 26

A nurse is educating a group of nursing students about the historical impact of systemic racism on reproductive health care for Black women in North America.Which of the following statements by a student indicates a need for further teaching? "A. The history of gynecology includes unethical experimentation on Black women without consent or anesthesia." B. "Systemic racism in healthcare is a thing of the past and does not impact maternal health disparities today." C. "James Marion Sims conducted surgical procedures on enslaved Black women without pain management." D. "Racial biases in healthcare continue to contribute to higher maternal mortality rates among Black women.

Answer 26

b

Question 27

A nurse is caring for a Black pregnant patient who expresses concerns that her pain is being dismissed by the healthcare team. Which of the following nursing interventions is the most appropriate to address systemic racism and provide trauma- and violence-informed care? A. Encourage the patient to be more assertive about her pain so the healthcare team takes it seriously. B. Reassure the patient that healthcare providers treat all patients equally, regardless of race. C. Explain that some pain variations exist due to biological differences between racial groups. D. Advocate for the patient by documenting her pain concerns, requesting appropriate pain management, and ensuring equitable treatment

Answer 27

d

Question 28

A Black mother expresses concerns to the nurse about how systemic racism affects her ability to access adequate prenatal care. She states, "I feel like no one listens to me when I bring up my pain." Based on the concept of Black Motherwork, which nursing intervention is most appropriate? A. Reassure the patient that pain perception varies and offer emotional support. B. Encourage the patient to advocate for herself by speaking up about her symptoms. C. Validate the patient's concerns and advocate for equitable, trauma- and violence-informed care. D. Explain that providers treat all patients equally and that race does not affect care.

Answer 28

c

Question 29

A nurse is conducting a postpartum assessment for a Black mother who experienced birth trauma due to medical neglect. The patient expresses feelings of distress, isolation, and fear for her baby's future, stating, "I feel like I have to fight for everything alone." Which nursing action is most appropriate? A. Assess for signs of postpartum depression and provide culturally tailored mental health resources. B. Encourage the patient to focus on the positive aspects of her birth experience. C. Refer the patient to a support group for new mothers, emphasizing that all new mothers feel overwhelmed. D. Explain that medical complications are common and suggest focusing on healing.

Answer 29

a

Question 30

A community health nurse is working with a support group for African American adolescent mothers. One of the young mothers shares that her aunt, who is not her biological mother, plays a significant role in raising her child by providing emotional support, child care, and guidance. The nurse recognizes this as an example of which caregiving practice? A. Fictive Kinship B. Co-Parenting C. Othermothering D. Surrogate Parenting

Answer 30

c

Question 31

A nurse is assessing the social support systems of a young, single mother from a historically marginalized community. The mother explains that her grandmother and a close family friend frequently help with child care, discipline, and emotional support. How should the nurse interpret this family dynamic? A. It may indicate a lack of parental responsibility and should be discouraged. B. It represents a form of extended family support known as othermothering, which can promote resilience and well-being. C. It suggests the presence of a legal guardian arrangement that must be clarified for child welfare. D. It is a sign of dependence that may hinder the mother's ability to parent effectively.

Answer 31

b

Question 32

A pregnant Indigenous woman from a remote community in Northern Canada is being evacuated at 36 weeks gestation to give birth in a hospital over 500 kilometers away. She expresses anxiety about being separated from her family and community. What is the nurse's priority intervention? A. Reassure the client that the evacuation is necessary for a safe delivery. B. Provide education on the medical benefits of hospital births. C. Advocate for culturally appropriate supports and access to traditional birth practices. D. Encourage the client to focus on her baby's health and safety.

Answer 32

c

Question 33

An Indigenous mother expresses concerns about feeling judged when accessing prenatal care services. She states,"I don't want to go back because they don't understand our ways." Which nursing response demonstrates cultural safety? A. "It's important to follow standard prenatal guidelines to ensure a healthy pregnancy."" B. "I understand your concerns, but the clinic follows the best evidence-based practices." C. "Can you tell me more about your concerns? I want to ensure your needs and traditions are respected." D. "Would you like me to schedule an appointment with a different provider?"

Answer 33

c

Question 34

Which of the following factors is most likely to contribute to lower prenatal care utilization among Indigenous mothers in Canada? A. Language barriers B. Geographic distance to health services C. Lack of family support D. Poor nutritional education

Answer 34

b

Question 35

A nurse is educating new staff about Indigenous mothering practices.Which statement by a nurse requires further education? A. "Indigenous mothering often emphasizes a strong connection to community and extended family." B "Traditional parenting practices, such as babywearing and storytelling, support bonding and cultural identity." C. "Indigenous parenting is outdated and does not align with modern evidence-based practices." D. "Historical trauma and systemic barriers have impacted Indigenous parenting experiences."

Answer 35

c

Question 36

An Indigenous mother who is a residential school survivor is hesitant about hospital birth due to past trauma. What is the best nursing approach? A. Encourage the mother to follow hospital policies for the safety of the baby. B. Ask about her specific concerns and explore options for a culturally safe birthing experience. C. Reassure her that modern hospitals are different from past institutions. D. Educate her on the importance of professional medical care for delivery.

Answer 36

b

Question 37

A nurse is caring for an Indigenous mother who has recently given birth. The mother requests that her newborn remain close to her at all times and expresses concerns about being separated from the baby for routine assessments. What is the best response by the nurse? A. "We have hospital policies in place that require newborns to be taken to the nursery for observation." B. "It is important for the baby to rest in the crib so that you can also get enough rest." C. "Would you like me to arrange a meeting with a social worker to discuss your D. "Keeping your baby close is important in many Indigenous cultures. I will try to complete assessments in your room whenever possible."

Answer 37

d

Question 38

A postpartum Indigenous mother tells the nurse she plans to use a traditional medicine bundle to promote her baby's health. What is the most appropriate nursing action? A. Educate the mother on evidence-based medical practices and discourage traditional remedies. B. Ask the mother about the significance of the medicine bundle and incorporate her beliefs into the plan of care. C. Report the use of traditional healing practices to the healthcare provider as a potential safety concern. D. Advise the mother that hospital policies do not allow personal items to be placed near the baby's crib.

Answer 38

b

Question 39

A nurse is discharging an Indigenous mother who expresses that she will be staying with her extended family for postpartum support. What is the best nursing response? A. "It is best to care for your baby independently to strengthen your maternal bond." B. "Staying with family may cause distractions, so you should consider limiting visitors. C. "That sounds like a great support system. Many Indigenous cultures value community care during the postpartum period." D. "You should ensure you have a quiet, private space to care for your baby alone."

Answer 39

c

Question 40

An Indigenous mother expresses concern about raising her child alone after experiencing intergenerational trauma. She states, "I don't want to make the same mistakes my parents did." What is the nurse's best response? A. "It's important to focus on your own parenting style instead of thinking about the past." B. "Parenting is challenging, but if you try your best, your child will be fine." C. "You should consider counseling to help process your experiences before focusing on your baby." D. "Would you like me to connect you with an Elder or community support program that understands Indigenous parenting?

Answer 40

d

Question 41

Which of the following best describes a health disparity faced by Indigenous women due to maternal evacuation policies? A. Increased rates of preterm birth and medical interventions such as cesarean sections. B. Decreased rates of perinatal depression and anxiety. C. Higher access to culturally appropriate birthing practices. D. Lower likelihood of experiencing birth trauma due to hospital-based deliveries.

Answer 41

a

Question 42

A same-sex female couple is expecting a baby through assisted reproductive technology. They ask the nurse about their parental rights in Canada. Which response by the nurse is most accurate? A. "Only the biological mother will be recognized as the legal parent unless the non-biological mother adopts the child." B. "In Canada, both parents can be legally recognized at birth without adoption in most provinces and territories." C. "You will need to go to court to establish parental rights after the child is born." D. "Only one parent can have legal rights unless you are married before conception."

Answer 42

b

Question 43

A nurse is assessing a queer mother who expresses frustration about her experiences with healthcare providers assuming a heterosexual family structure. What is the best response by the nurse? A. "It must be frustrating to feel invisible in health care. How can I ensure your family is fully supported?" B. "You can always correct the provider and explain your family structure." C. "Health care providers treat everyone the same, so I'm sure they didn't mean any harm." D. "Most nurses are just not trained in LGBTQ+ family dynamics, but I'm sure it will get better."

Answer 43

a

Question 44

Which of the following health concerns are queer parents in Canada more likely to face compared to heterosexual parents? (Select all that apply.) A. Higher levels of perinatal mental health concerns B. Increased barriers to fertility services C. Lower rates of exclusive breastfeeding D. Decreased access to parental leave benefits E. Higher rates of healthcare discrimination

Answer 44

a, b, e

Question 45

A nurse is preparing an educational session for expectant LGBTQ+ parents. Which approach is most appropriate to ensure inclusivity? A. Use gender-neutral language, such as "birthing parent" instead of "mother." B. Address all participants as "moms and dads" to include all parents. C. Focus only on medical aspects of pregnancy and avoid discussing gender identity or sexual orientation. D. Use traditional parenting models but reassure LGBTQ+ parents that they can adapt them to fit their family.

Answer 45

a

Question 46

A nurse working in community health is counseling a queer couple about parental leave options in Canada. Which statement by the nurse is correct? A. "Only the birth parent is eligible for paid parental leave in Canada." B. "Parental leave benefits are available to both parents, regardless of gender or sexual orientation." C. "Same-sex couples are entitled to less leave than heterosexual couples." D. "Non-birth parents in same-sex relationships cannot access parental leave benefits."

Answer 46

b

Question 47

A nurse is assessing a pregnant client in the third trimester who presents with multiple bruises on her arms and reports frequent headaches. The client's partner answers most of the questions and refuses to leave the room. What is the priority nursing action? A. Document the bruising and continue the assessment. B. Report suspected abuse to social services immediately. C. Provide the client with educational materials on domestic violence. D. Ask the partner to step out of the room for a private conversation.

Answer 47

d

Question 48

A postpartum nurse is caring for a mother who discloses that she is in an abusive relationship and is afraid to return home with her newborn. Which response by the nurse is most appropriate? A. "You need to leave the relationship for your child's safety." B. "You should consider calling the police before you leave the hospital." C. "You are not alone, and there are resources available to help you." D. "Have you tried talking to your partner about stopping the abuse?

Answer 48

c

Question 49

A nurse in a community clinic is providing care to a new mother who is a survivor of intimate partner violence (IPV). The client states, "I don't want to report the abuse because I'm afraid my child will be taken away." What is the nurse's best response? A. "As a nurse, I am legally required to report all cases of IPV." B. "You are right to be concerned. Child services may become involved if they believe your child is at risk." C. "Let's talk about ways to keep you and your child safe, and I can connect you with resources." D. "You should report the abuse now so that you can get a restraining order."

Answer 49

c

Question 50

A nurse is assessing a postpartum client who has experienced intimate partner violence (IPV). Which finding would require immediate intervention? A. The client expresses feelings of guilt and shame about the abuse. B. The client reports difficulty sleeping and frequent crying spells. C. The client states, "I can't do this anymore. My baby would be better off without me." D. The client is hesitant to accept referrals for community support services.

Answer 50

c

Question 51

A nurse is admitting a patient who has a history of domestic violence and childhood trauma. Which of the following interventions is the priority when providing trauma- and violence-informed care? A. Encouraging the patient to share their past trauma in detail B. Ensuring the patient's immediate physical and emotional safety C. Requiring the patient to participate in a support group D. Teaching the patient coping strategies before assessing their safety

Answer 51

b

Question 52

A nurse is caring for a patient with a history of sexual assault who is hesitant to undergo a physical assessment. Which statement by the nurse aligns with trauma- and violence-informed care principles? A. "I need to complete this assessment now for your safety." B. "You can refuse the exam, but it's important to cooperate." C. "Would you like me to explain each step before I begin?" D. "It's best if we complete this quickly so you don't feel anxious."

Answer 52

c

Question 53

A patient discloses to the nurse that they are experiencing ongoing intimate partner violence (IPV) but are afraid to leave. What is the nurse's best response? A. "You should leave immediately; I can call the police for you." B. "I respect your decision and am here to support you in any way." C. "I can't let you go home if you are in danger; I must report this. D. "If you don't leave now, the situation may get worse over time."

Answer 53

b

Question 54

A nurse is developing a care plan for a refugee woman who survived war-related trauma. Which action best demonstrates a trauma- and violence-informed approach? A. Assuming the woman will need psychiatric care due to their history B. Providing care that recognizes the woman's unique cultural and trauma experiences C. Encouraging the woman to talk about their trauma to promote healing D. Avoiding discussions about the woman's past to prevent re-traumatization

Answer 54

b

Question 55

What is the most appropriate intervention to instruct parents to implement when a child gets his or her adult tooth knocked out? A. "Your child will need a tetanus shot ASAP." B. "Place ice on the jaw and go to the emergency room." C. "If it is bleeding, apply pressure. If not, make an appointment with the dentist." D. "Please put the tooth in milk and call the dentist."

Answer 55

D

Question 56

A nurse is preparing to administer a Hepatitis B vaccine intramuscularly to an adult patient. Which site should the nurse avoid using for the injection, and why? A. Deltoid site, due to risk of nerve damage B. Ventrogluteal site, due to poor muscle mass C. Dorsogluteal site, due to low antibody seroconversion rates D. Vastus lateralis site, due to high pain sensitivity

Answer 56

C

Question 57

A nurse is providing education to new parents about strategies to protect their newborn from pertussis (whooping cough). Which of the following strategies should the nurse emphasize as most effective in preventing the transmission of pertussis to the infant? A. Delaying daycare enrollment until 6 months of age B. Exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months C. Cocooning of family and close contacts D. Regular handwashing before handling the infant

Answer 57

C

Question 58

A pediatric nurse is preparing to administer the Measles, Mumps, and Rubella (MMR) vaccine to a 12-month-old child during a well-baby visit. Which of the following conditions, if present in the child's medical history, would contraindicate the administration of the MMR vaccine? A. Mild eczema B. Recent upper respiratory infection C. Sibling with an egg allergy D. Congenital immunodeficiency disorder

Answer 58

D

Question 59

A 29-year-old construction worker presents to the emergency department after stepping on a rusty nail. His last tetanus vaccination was over 10 years ago. Which of the following is the most appropriate action by the nurse? A. Administer tetanus toxoid vaccine only B. Administer tetanus immune globulin (TIG) only C. Administer both tetanus toxoid vaccine and tetanus immune globulin (TIG) D. No treatment is necessary

Answer 59

C

Question 60

A parent verbalizes concern that their second-born child is reaching milestones but not as quickly as their first-born child. What would a nurse's best response be? A. "I will let the pediatric health care provider know right away." B. "Norms can vary greatly for the individual child." c. "Milestones should be reached consistently by each child." D. "A psychology consult should be ordered."

Answer 60

B

Question 61

Which milestone would a nurse be most concerned with for a 12-month-old infant during a well-child checkup? A. Unable to pull up to a sitting position B. Unable to walk 10 to 15 steps C. Doesn't drink from a sippy cup D. Provides frequent objections to foods

Answer 61

A

Question 62

A group of preschool children sit on chairs they have arranged in two lines to pretend they are riding a bus. What type of play is this an example of? A. Centering B. Parallel play C. Artificialism D. Symbolic functioning

Answer 62

D

Question 63

Which of the following animals would not be recommended as a pet for an immunocompromised child? A. A dog. B. A cat. C. A fish. D. A bird.

Answer 63

D

Question 64

A nurse is assessing a teenager for potential suicide risk. Which of the following statements would require the most immediate follow-up? A. "I've been drinking a bit to cope with things." B. "'m just constantly exhausted lately." C. "I know where the guns are kept at home." D. "School's been rough-I'm failing most of my classes."

Answer 64

C

Question 65

Which of the following behaviours are associated with depression in children? (Select all that apply.) A. Decrease interest in a previous activity B. Excessive online shopping sprees C. Frequent headaches and stomach aches D. Decreased performance in school E. Sudden interest in getting a pet

Answer 65

A, C, D

Question 66

The nurse is working in an adolescent health clinic, where a 16-year-old female patient has been diagnosed with depression. The nurse knows that the following three-prong approach is most appropriate for treatment: A. Talk therapy, pharmaceuticals, therapeutic relationship B. Identify type of depression, identify associated behaviours, engage in a therapeutic relationship C. Assessment, triage, treatment strategies D. Cognitive behavioural therapy, pharmaceuticals, environmental support

Answer 66

D

Question 67

A 5-year-old girl's sibling dies from sudden infant death syndrome. The parents are concerned because she showed more outward grief when her cat died than what she is showing now. The nurse should explain that A. This is suggestive of maladaptive coping and referral for counselling is needed. B. The child is not old enough to have a concrete concept of death. C. The child is not old enough to have formed a significant attachment to her sibling. D. The death may be so painful and threatening that the child must deny it for now.

Answer 67

D

Question 68

Which of the following is true regarding substance use in children and youth? A. Illicit substances are most commonly used by children and adolescents. B. Indigenous youth are likely to engage in drug use 2 to 6 years later than non-Indigenous counterparts. C. For many youths, substance use relates to their desire for peer acceptance. D. Alcohol and nicotine are the legal substances that may lead to physical and psychological dependence.

Answer 68

C

Question 69

A 9-year-old child has several physical complex conditions. His father explains to the nurse that his son concentrates on what he can do rather than what he cannot do and is as independent as possible. The nurse's best interpretation of this is that A. The father is experiencing denial. B. The father is expressing his own views. C. The child is using an adaptive coping style. D. The child is using a maladaptive coping style

Answer 69

C

Question 70

A 9-year-old child receiving palliative care at home is undergoing frequent painful and stressful medical procedures. The parents ask the home health nurse how they can best support their child during these experiences. Which of the following responses by the nurse is most appropriate? A. "It's best to minimize your involvement to avoid increasing your child's anxiety." B. "Allow your child to choose comfort measures, such as music or a favorite toy, during procedures." C. "Try to distract your child by ignoring their expressions of pain during the procedure." D. "Limit the child's options to avoid overwhelming them during stressful events."

Answer 70

B

Question 71

A 4 year-old girl tells her father that she "flowers are talking and having a tea party." This is an example: A. Artificialism B. Animism C. Egocentrism D. Centring

Answer 71

B

Question 72

What food might cause botulism if given to an infant? A. Honey B. Sugar C. Egg yolk D. Green beans

Answer 72

A

Question 73

Challenges for parents of children with complex care needs in Ontario is primarily related to: A. Transportation B. Mental health C. Fragmented healthcare system D. Poverty

Answer 73

C

Question 74

BEST describes the primary purpose of the Healthy Early Years (HEY) program? A. A Critcare services for low-Income families B. Health and development of Official Language Minority community individuals C. financial assistance to famílias for private healthcare services D. exclusive breastfeeding

Answer 74

B

Question 75

Which perinatal complication is most associated with IPV during pregnancy? A. Preterm labor B. Oligohydramnios C. Preeclampsia D. Gestational diabetes

Answer 75

A

Question 76

Research procedure to assess attachment in infants by observing their responses to separation and reunion A. A Object Permanence Test B. The Strange Situation C. Piaget's Sensorimotor Experiment- D. Erikson's Psychosocial Development Assessment

Answer 76

B

Question 77

Children play specific roles as mommy, daddy, or child. At what age does this type of play typically begin? A. 1 and 2 years B. 3 and 5 years C. 7 and 10 years D. 10 and 13 years

Answer 77

B

Question 78

At what age do infants typically enter the recognition/discrimination phase of attachment? A. 0 - 2 months B. 3-8 months C. 7-12 months D. 12-24 months

Answer 78

B

Question 79

Which of the following is a contra-indication of the influenza vaccine? A. Asthma B. STis C. Egg Allergy D. Latex Allergy

Answer 79

C

Question 80

The best strategy to protect a newborn from pertussis (whooping cough) is: A. Daycare enrollment B. Exclusive breastfeeding C. Cocooning D. Regular handwashing

Answer 80

C

Question 81

The injection site to avoid for Hepatitis B vaccine is: A. Deltoid site B. Dorsogluteal site C. Vastus lateralis D. Ventrogluteal site

Answer 81

B

Question 82

Which of the following is a contra-indication of IPV? A. Mild cough with runny nose B. Anaphylactic reaction to neomycin C. Low-grade fever last night D. Cried for more than an hour after the last immunization

Answer 82

B

Question 83

Which of the following is required for eligibility of the Secure Treatment Program in Ontario? A. Consent from legal guardian B. Referral from mental health professional C. A psychiatric diagnosis indicating severe behavioral disorder D. An order from a provincial court

Answer 83

D

Question 84

Impulsivity, behavioural concerns, and inattention in school for the past 6 months may indicate: A. ASD B. Phobia C. ADHD D. GAD

Answer 84

C

Question 85

The following findings would require immediate hospitalization in a disordered eating client: A. Electrolyte disturbances B. History of binging and purging C. Mild dehydration D. Disclosure of substance abuse

Answer 85

A

Question 86

what is the primary focus of infant nursing care? A. supporting physical, emotional, and cognitive development of infant B. focusing solely on feeding and hygiene for newborns C. providing medical interventions for infants that mirror those of adults D. monitoring sleep patterns without addressing other health aspects

Answer 86

A

Question 87

which parent statement about infant physical development milestones indicates a need for more teaching? A.. "my baby will start lifting their head and shoulders at 4 months" B. "my baby will begin crawling around 7 months" C. "my baby will start cruising by 10 months" D. "my baby should be walking alone by 10 months"

Answer 87

D

Question 88

a nurse educates newborn parents on proper nutrition for growth. which statement indicates a need for further teaching? a. "my baby should not lose over 10% of birth weight in the first few days" b. "i will bottle-feed every 3-4 hours and breastfeed every 2-3 hours" c. "it is okay if my baby's feedings vary in quality and quantity daily" d. "if my baby is not gaining weight, i will start force-feeding"

Answer 88

D

Question 89

a nurse informs parents about the importance of family involvement in infant care. which statement clarifies this? a. family involvement mainly helps with scheduling doctor visits b. it ensures infant receives bonding, nutrition, and emotional support c. only maternal caregivers have significant impact on infant development d. infants do not require social interaction in first year of life

Answer 89

B

Question 90

a community nurse helps new parents support their infant's healthy growth. what is the nurse's primary responsibility? a. administering medications and performing physical exams only b. ensuring parents strictly follow set schedule for infant development c. providing guidance, encouragement, and education to parents on infant care d. referring all parenting concerns to pediatrician without discussion

Answer 90

C

Question 91

which is untrue about addressing irritability in infants? a. infant is irritable because of stimuli, such as hunger, pain, etc. b. using slow movements may help infant adjust to stimuli c. bright lights and loud environments are helpful to distract infant from stimuli d. recognizing cues is important way to understand infant and address concerns

Answer 91

c

Question 92

when teaching new mother about sleeping patterns and techniques for infants, which statement indicates need for further teaching? (select all that apply) a. i will keep regular routine for bedtime patterns b. i will put infant to sleep with bottle to soothe them c. i will put infant to sleep on their back on firm, flat mattress d. after 6 months, i will let infant cry it out to promote independence

Answer 92

B and D

Question 93

which of following is true about infant nutrition? a. it is best to abruptly stop breastfeeding and switch to solid foods b. energy needs vary according to age, maturity, thermal environment, growth rate, health status, and activity level c. only parent can initiate weaning/cessation of breastfeeding d. growth chart should be only tool used to measure infant's growth and nutrition, as it is accurate for every child

Answer 93

b

Question 94

A father is nervous about feeding the infant. After providing education on feeding patterns, which statement indicates a need for further education? (Select All) a) It is important to keep the child awake after eating to prevent choking b) I will burp the child throughout the process of feeding such as the middle and end of feeding c) Because of the child's small size they should only be fed three times a day, similar to adults d) I will check expiration dates of bottles prior to feeding them to my child

Answer 94

A & C

Question 95

When installing and using an infant car seat what are important safety measures to remember? (Select all) a) The car seat should be in the front seat where the infant can be monitored b) Car seats should be rear facing for the protection of the infant spine and neck c) The car seat must be securely tightened to the seat base d) The harness should be securely against the infant's body with the chest strap at armpit level on the child

Answer 95

B, C, D

Question 96

A nurse is providing Dietary teaching to the parent of a 2-year old toddler. Which of the following statements by the parent indicates a need for further teaching? A. "I will offer my child whole milk instead of low fat milk" B. "I should avoid giving my child foods that could cause choking, like whole grapes and nuts" C. " I should give my child fruit juice instead of whole fruits to ensure that they get enough vitamins" D. " I will encourage my child to eat a variety of foods, including vegetables, grains and protein"

Answer 96

C

Question 97

The nurse is educating the parent of a 2-year-old toddler about injury prevention. Which statement by the parent indicates a need for further teaching? A. "I will keep all cleaning supplies locked in a cabinet out of my child's reach." B. "I will secure large furniture, like bookshelves, to the wall to prevent tipping." C. "I will place my child in a forward-facing car seat since they turned 2 years old." D. "I will always stay within arm's reach when my child is in the bathtub."

Answer 97

C

Question 98

The nurse is providing education to the parent of a 2½-year-old toddler about toilet training readiness. Which statement by the parent indicates a need for further teaching? A. "I will look for signs that my child stays dry for at least two hours before starting toilet training." B. "If my child has an accident, I will scold them so they learn faster." C. "I will use positive reinforcement, like praise, when my child successfully uses the toilet." D. "My child should be able to pull down their pants before beginning toilet training."

Answer 98

B

Question 99

A nurse is assessing the developmental milestones of a 4-year-old child. Which statement by the parent indicates that the child is developing appropriately? A. "My child can tie their shoes without assistance." B. "My child is starting to ask questions about death and dying." C. "My child prefers solitary play and does not interact with peers."

Answer 99

B

Question 100

A parent asks the nurse for advice on disciplining their 3-year-old child. Which response by the nurse is most appropriate? A. "You should use time-outs, one minute per year of age, for misbehaviour." B. "Spanking is the most effective way to enforce discipline in preschoolers." C. "If you give repeated warnings, the child will eventually learn to listen." D. "You should allow the child to make all their own choices to promote independence."

Answer 100

A

Question 101

A nurse is preparing to care for a five-year-old who has been placed in traction following a fracture of the femur. The nurse plans care, knowing that which of the following is the most appropriate for this child?​ a. Large Picture books​ b. A sports video​ c. Crayons and coloring books​ d. A radio

Answer 101

C

Question 102

A 4-year-old child is being assessed for language development. Which of the following milestones would be expected at this age.​ A. Uses two-word sentences​ B. Knows 50 words​ C. Can tell a simple story​ D. Uses gestures instead of words

Answer 102

C

Question 103

A parent expresses concern that their 3-year-old child is not developing appropriately. Which of the following would be a red flag for physical development at this age?​ A. The child can ride a tricycle​ B. The child can build a tower of more than six blocks​ C. The child cannot hop on one foot​ D. The child cannot use a fork and spoon comfortably

Answer 103

D

Question 104

A parent of a 6-year-old child expresses concern about bedwetting. Which statement by the nurse is most appropriate? A. "Bedwetting is abnormal at this age and should be evaluated immediately." B. "Most children achieve nighttime dryness by age 12-14." C. "You should wake your child up every two hours at night to use the bathroom." D. "Bedwetting can be related to stress, small bladder capacity, or delayed nervous system maturation."

Answer 104

D

Question 105

A nurse is assessing the physical development of a 7-year-old child during a routine check-up. Which of the following findings would require further evaluation? A. The child has begun losing primary (baby) teeth. B. The child demonstrates difficulty with writing and frequently drops their pencil. C. The child is able to twist, turn, and spin while playing. D. The child shows improved hand-eye coordination compared to the previous year.

Answer 105

B

Question 106

A school nurse is observing a group of 10-year-old children during recess. Which behaviour is most characteristic of social development in this age group? A. The child prefers playing alone and avoids group activities. B. The child engages in cooperative play with peers and values friendship. C. The child becomes frustrated when they lose a game and has difficulty managing emotions. D. The child has an imaginary friend and prefers imaginative play over structured games.

Answer 106

B

Question 107

A nurse is teaching a group of parents about health promotion strategies for school-aged children (5-12 years old). Which statement by a parent indicates the need for further teaching? A. "My child should engage in at least 60 minutes of physical activity each day." B. "I will ensure my child gets 9 to 12 hours of sleep every night." C. "I should restrict my child's screen time to no more than 4 hours per day." D. "My child should wear a helmet while riding a bicycle to prevent head injuries."

Answer 107

C

Question 108

A school nurse is assessing the emotional development of a 9-year-old child during a routine school health screening. Which behaviour is most expected for this age group? A. The child frequently has temper tantrums when they do not get their way. B. The child seeks approval from peers and shows concern about following rules. C. The child engages primarily in solitary play and avoids group activities. D. The child struggles to understand and express emotions appropriately.

Answer 108

B

Question 109

A nurse is educating a group of parents about the physical development of school-aged children (5-12 years old). Which statement by a parent indicates a need for further teaching? A. "I should encourage my 6-year-old to run, climb, and play catch to develop their gross motor skills." B. "By age 7, my child should have lost all of their baby teeth and have a full set of permanent teeth." C. "By age 9, my child may start experiencing a growth spurt and have increased muscle strength." D. "By age 10, my child should have increased stamina and be able to engage in sustained physical activity for longer periods."

Answer 109

B

Question 110

The mental health nurse is assessing an adolescent patient for signs of risk of suicide. Which statement by the patient requires immediate intervention? A. "I'm so tired lately." B. "I've got a plan on how to get out of this life." C. "People are such a drain on my life." D. "All I do is make a mess for everyone."

Answer 110

B

Question 111

A nurse is counselling a parent who is struggling with their adolescent's need for privacy and independence. Which response by the nurse is most appropriate? A. "It is normal for adolescents to need alone time to explore their identity." B. "You should limit their privacy to prevent risky behaviour." C. "Adolescents should always share their feelings and fears with parents first." D. "You should decide all their behaviours and enforce strict boundaries."

Answer 111

A

Question 112

A nurse teaches adolescents that the long-term effects of tanning are what? (Select all that apply.) A. Premature aging of the skin B. Exacerbates acne outbreaks C. Increased risk for skin cancer D. Possible phototoxic reactions

Answer 112

A, C, D

Question 113

What guidelines should the nurse use when interviewing adolescents? (Select all that apply) A. Ensure privacy. B. Use open-ended questions C. Share your thoughts and assumptions D. Explain that all interactions will be confidential E. Begin with less sensitive issues and proceed to more sensitive ones

Answer 113

A, B, E

Question 114

A nurse is assessing a 12-year-old boy who reports being tired all the time, shows little interest in previously enjoyed activities, and has recently had a drop in grades. The nurse suspects major depressive disorder. Which of the following findings would most strongly support this diagnosis? A) Fear of being alone B) Elevated energy levels C) Obsessive hand washing D) Persistent boredom and social withdrawal

Answer 114

D

Question 115

During a wellness check, a 7-year-old becomes visibly anxious, begins to shake, hyperventilates, and clings to their caregiver, with symptoms rapidly escalating. Based on this description, which anxiety disorder is most likely? A) Separation anxiety disorder B) Panic disorder C) Social anxiety disorder D) Generalized anxiety disorder

Answer 115

B

Question 116

Which of the following are appropriate nursing interventions for children and adolescents experiencing anxiety disorders? Select All That Apply A) Advise the child to "push through" fears to build resilience B) Encourage avoidance of all anxiety-inducing situations C) Teach coping skills to manage trauma D) Emphasize the child's strengths during care planning

Answer 116

C, D

Question 117

A nurse is screening a 14-year-old with symptoms of depression and suspects suicidalideation. Which of the following is the most appropriate initial nursing intervention? A) Initiate antidepressant therapy immediately B) Contact school personnel about behavioural concerns C) Ask the adolescent directly about suicidal thoughts D) Delay questioning until rapport is better established

Answer 117

C

Question 118

Which of the following best describes Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)? A) A neurodevelopmental disorder affecting communication and social interaction B) A mood disorder characterized by episodes of depression and mania C) A neurodevelopmental disorder that impacts attention, impulse control, and hyperactivity D) A behavioral disorder caused solely by environmental factors

Answer 118

C

Question 119

Which of the following is a key difference between ADHD and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)? A) ADHD primarily affects social communication, while ASD affects attention and impulsivity B) Repetitive behaviours are rare in ADHD but common in ASD C) Children with ASD are always hyperactive, while children with ADHD are not D) ADHD and ASD always require medication for management

Answer 119

B

Question 120

According to research, which of the following is a potential environmental risk factor for developing ADHD? A) Eating a high-sugar diet B) Prenatal exposure to alcohol or smoking C) Excessive screen time during early childhood D) Having an overprotective parenting style

Answer 120

B

Question 121

Which of the following is a key nursing intervention when caring for a child with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)? A) Encouraging strict eye contact to improve communication skills B) Using visual schedules and social stories to support communication C) Placing the child in a highly stimulating environment to increase engagement D) Discouraging repetitive behaviors to promote normal development

Answer 121

B