mid-term Flashcards
is the study of Islamic history wajib, sunnah, mubah, makruh, or even haram? Why
It is Wajib because if you do not know your history,(Islamic History), you will be easily swayed by the modern ideas
What are the three kinds of conclusion
The three kinds of conclusion are Hukum aqli ( a conclusion of intellect). Hukum Adah ( the conclusion of experience and observation) And hukm Sharii ( the conclusion of revelation)
What is a primary source
A source that came from a witness of the historical event
What do Qati and Zanni mean
Qati means certain Zanni means probable.
What is a secondary source
A secondary source is second to primary sources.
Does the Quran have a history?
Yes because there was an evolution to how it was preserved and it was sent down slowly woven by the time of the prophets life
What are the seven ahruf of the Quran
They are different ways the prophet the prophet taught the Quran
What is a codex
Codex is the ansestor of a book and it is a book that is not made of paper
How many complications of the Quran were completed during the Rashidun era?
2 separated compilations. One when Abu Bakr was in leadership and another when Uthman was in command.
How were the complaints of the Quran performed?
Both times they gathered all the codices they had and would only transcribe it if they brought 2 witnesses that they wrote it down in the presence of the prophet.
What does palimpsest mean
A palimpsest is a codex where a first writing is erased, and over the erased writing, another writing is written
What is Hafs on authority of Asim
it is the recitation of the quranaccording to which 90% of the ummah recites Quran today.
Allah
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Jabrail
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Prophet
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Uthman bn Affan , Zeyd ibn Thabit
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Abu Abd al rahman al-Sulami
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Asim ibn abi nujud
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Hafs
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Us today
What are the two kinds of Hadith from the perspective of how many people narrated it?
1) mutawatir 2) ahad
What were some of the earliest Hadith collections
One of the earliest collections to combine hadith in a single codex is al-Muwatta of Imam-Malik.
What is a musnad
a hadith collection according ttttto their isnad(chain to allah through generations)
What are the Sahih and Sunan Collections
sahih al bukhari
sahih al muslim
sunan of ibn maja
sunan of abu dawud
al sahih al tirmithi
al sunan al nasa
How did the tradition of mentioning isnad (chain of transition) for hadith begin?
(Our master Umar began the tradition of mentioning isnad.) If a companion would narrate to him a hadith he had not heard before, he would demand that they bring witness that the prophet said that. Hence, this began the tradition that when you narrate a hadith, you should narrate who told you that hadith.
What was Fiqh like at the time of the Prophet?
unsystemized they would learn from seeing the prophet
What was fiqh like in the Rashidun era
They would consult the Quran then the Sunnah then Ijma then qias
How did fiqh develop in the time of the Tabiin
they learned from the sahaba
What are some of the main differences between the schools?
hanafi realy on quran
maliki realy on the people of madinas actions
shafii realy on hadith
hambali rely on hadith but use wara
What was Aqida like at the time of the prophet?
It was not systemized. And it wa taught very simply with the basics of Islam because people were with the prophet already and they learned by seeing.
Is there ijtihad of aqida
no
What was Aqida like in the Rashidun era
people often brought ideas from their previous religions and the sahaba would clarify them using quran and sunnah
What was the first sect to deviate
The Kharigites were the first and they believed that Ali and Muawiyah were both sinners because they didn’t agree.
What was aqida like At the time of the Tabiin
it was evolving, for example, Hassan al Basri and Wasil ibn Ata disagreed on whether A sinner was a believer or not. The people who agreed with Hassan Al Basri are now called Mutazilites
What was The al-Mihna (“the Ordeal”)
it was a period in which the Abbasid instituted a formal policy of supporting the belief of the Mutasilites that the Quran was created.
What Schools of aqida Emerge in response to the Mutazilites
Abu al Hassan Al ashari and maturidi.
what was Tasawwuf like at the time of the prophet
It was not systemized.
What was Tasawwuf like in the Rashidun Era
Most people of Tasawwuf had miracles like the stories of ya saria and he was talking to someone 800 miles away
What was Tasuwwuf like at the time of the tabiin
many people were sufies
what does Zuhd mean
It means abstinence of the world ( not seeking out wealth)
Who are Hussainibn Ali and Aaali Zayn Al Abidin
hussain ibn ali: grandso of the prophet and martyred in the battle of karbala
Zeyn:survivor ofhussain ibn ali after karbala and a pious man
Who was Muhammad al Baqir and Jafar al-Sadiq
father and son and known for following the sunna and piety
Who was Musa al Qazim and Ali al Rida
Musa al Qasim is the son of jafar al sadiq and he is born in Madina. Ali al Rida is a man who spent his life teaching and worshiping.
Who is Maruf al KARKHI
he was born as a christian raised as a christrian disagreed that god was three and said god was one got beaten ran away came back as a muslim and converted everyone.
Who was al-Sari al-Saqati (d.251 AH/865 CE) and al Junaid al Baghdadi (d.297AH/ 909 CE)
al srai;uncle of junaid and teacher
Who was Abd al Qadir al jaylani
a sunni wali
Who was Rabia Al Adawiyya
born in basra orphaned kidnapped inslaved and then let free because her master was frightened because she was glowing
Who was ALSAYYIDA NAFISA
a sufi woman from ahl al beyt also saved peralized jewesh girl
When was the Mushaf first voweled
abu al aswad al duali used the dot system but latere al khalil ibn ahmed introduced the fatha damma kasra
What was the first Arabic dictionary
kitab al 3ayn
What is the earliest Arabic literature?
kitab al ikhtiyarat or al muffaddalat by al muffadal ibn muhammad a book about the back then poetry of the arabs to preserve them
What are Maqamat
they are a collestion of short stories and generally centered around a fraudster
How did Shiiasm emerge
when the disagreement arrose between ali and muawiya the siia were the ones on alis side but later extremests came and changed everything.
What problems arose in Shiism
they didnt know who should be the next imam
Who is the Twelver Shiia?
they are the biggest group of shiia and they beliave in 12 imams adn that their 11th imam is the mahdi.
Who are the Zaydis
they are a group of shiia that followed the zeyd and he is the son of ali zeyn alabidin. the great grandson of Ali the OG.
Who are the Ismailis
a group of shiia and they take ismaiil and unpious and not knowledgable man.
What was the Anorechy at
Samurra
The Anarchy at Samurrah was a period of extreme internal instability from 861 to 70 CE in the history of the Abbasid Caliphate, marked by the violent successions of four caliphs, who became puppets in the hands of powerful rival military groups.
Who are the Fatimids
a group of shiias who believedubayd allah ibn al hussain was the mahdi
how did the Fatimids decline
there was an ethnic seperation in their army and fights with the crusaders for palistine weakand them and a series of child leaders.
Who were the zengids
The Zengids were a sub-dynasty - within a sub-dynasty within the Abbasid dynasty
How was the Fatimids caliphate abolished
Salah al din abolished it and took over jerusalum
Who were the Ayyubids?
the empire of salhidin
Who were the Mamluks
slve soldiers who rose up and created their own empire and they came from the Ayyubids
Who was Alp Arsalan
a seljuk leader that had a victory in the battle of mansikert against the byzantines for anatolia.
Who were the Seljuks of Rum
The Seljuks of rum are people who are successors. of rum and sultanate of the seluk ampire. under the abbasids.
Who was Ertugrul
the father of osman and last tribe man under the seljuks
How was the Ottoman dynasty established
upon the death of Erturul, Osman the 1st becomes Bey of his tribe.
what was the siege of Bursa
Osman and his bold military siege bursa (for 6-9 years). Osman died shortly before or after the Byzantine surrender on April 6, 1326, to the oldest son Orhan. The Ottoman capital moves to Bursa.
What was the Siege of Constantinople
in1481 ce muhammad al fateh seiged constantanople and hired a hugarian bomb guy.
Who was Sultan Salem
Sultan Slem is Mehmet the concerers grandson.
Who was Suleiman
He ascended the throne in 1520 when his father Sultan Salim died of cancer. He had many military successes including the capture of Belgrade in 1521, the ouster of the Crusader Knights Hospitaller from the island of Rhodes in 1522, and the capture of a part of Hungary deep into Europe after the battle of Mohacs in 1526.
How do we know tasuwwuf existedin the prophets time
becauseof the hadith gabreal
who was mehmet the concorers grandson
Sultan salim son of beyasid and slaim killed his father because he wasnt dealaing safavids
who was the first sufi
muhammad ibn wasi
What was urbans bombard
the hungerian gunsmith named urbin used in the seige of constantanople only firing 5 times a day
how many unsuccessfull sieges on constantanople were there
2 from abu ayyub al ansari was one of them and he is buried beside the wall.
Who established the city of cairo
al muiz
what ottoman sultan captured Belgrade, Island of rhodes, Battle of mohacs and sieged vienna
sultan sulaiman
who founded the Murasilites
Wasil ibn ata came up withthe idea that a sinneris not a believer and al hassan al basri disagreed and there was a seperation.
whos karama was it that a jewishgirl was cured from paralysis
Al sayyada Nafisa that is married to jafar al sadiq
What are the two famous maqamat
Hmadani andn Al hairiri
does the quran contain more more versus about belief then fiqh
it has more about beliefs
