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SPSC 2231 > Mid Term > Flashcards

Mid Term Flashcards

1
Q

What is Psychology?

A

The study of mind both conscious and unconscious.

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2
Q

Define Sports & Exercise Psychology.

A

An interdisciplinary scientific and applied field that embrace sport science and psychology.

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3
Q

What are the two types of psychology?

A

1) Traditional
2) Positive

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4
Q

What is traditional psychology?

A

Driven to eliminate pathological mental behaviour

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5
Q

What is positive psychology?

A

Primarily with understanding the processes that enable people and groups to thrive

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6
Q

What is the difference between psychologist & Sport Psychology Consultant?

A

Psychologist needs a PHD,
Psychologist can diagnose mental disorders.

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7
Q

What is the biggest focus in psychology?

A

Do no harm instead of helping

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8
Q

What are the four key points in dealing with psychology patients?

A

1) Respect for dignity of persons
2) Responsible Caring
3) Integrity in Relationships
4) Responsibility to Society

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9
Q

What are the ABC’s of psychological outcomes?

A

A:Affect
B: Behaviour
C:Cognitive: Mental process

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10
Q

What does motivation depend on?

A

Both social environments and performers psychological characteristics

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11
Q

What two things are Perception of competence is determined by?

A

1) Individuals Goal Orientation (Personal)
2) Motivational Climate (Others)

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12
Q

What are the two things that make up the individual goal orientation?

A

1)Task
2) Ego

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13
Q

Define Task Orientated and Provide an example.

A

Set self referenced goal based on learning and mastery of skills. Focused on self improvement.
“My goal is to perform to my potential”

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14
Q

Define Ego Orientated and Provide an example.

A

Set norms referenced goals based on outcomes and competition.Focus on outperforming others.
“My goal is to be better than everyone else”

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15
Q

What leads to the idea that training matters?

A

Task Orientation

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16
Q

Can task and ego orientation be present in the same person?

A

Yes

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17
Q

What is Motivational Climate?

A

One’s perception of achievement goals promoted by important people in ones life.

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18
Q

What is the main difference between task-involvement & ego-involvement climates?

A

Task: Choose learning opportunities at risk of displaying mistakes
Ego: Put in effort to compare to others

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19
Q

Do we either have motivation or not?

A

No

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20
Q

What are the six things on the motivation continuum?

A

1) Amotivation
2) External
3) Introjected
4) Identified
5) Integrated
6) Intrinsic

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21
Q

Describe Amotivation.

A

No Motivation, no desire, No intent to participate in an activity

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22
Q

Describe External Motivation.

A

Behaviors controlled by Rewards or to appease other

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23
Q

Describe Introjected.

A

Internalization in which the person “takes in” a value but does not accept it as their own. Would feel shame or guilt if they quit

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24
Q

Describe Identified Regulation.

A

Behavior is valued, deemed important, done out of personal choice but it is still for extrinsic reasons

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25
Q

Describe Integrated Regulation.

A

Self determined form extrinsic motivation, Valued as a core part of person’s sense of self

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26
Q

Describe Intrinsic motivation.

A

Performing behaviors voluntarily. Because they want to not because of others.

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27
Q

What are the three psychological needs?

A

1) Autonomy
2) Competence
3) Relatedness

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28
Q

According to the SDT, Three psychological needs must be satisfied so individuals can thrive, (presenting intrinsic motivation, well-need that can be undermined by an individualistic “Culture”).

A

Relatedness

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29
Q

What is the definition of awareness?

A

Quality or state of being aware-knowledge and understanding that something is happening or existing

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30
Q

What is the result of lack of awareness when talking about goals?

A

Focusing on the end goal and not
the task at hand

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31
Q

What are the three steps in awareness?

A

1) Athlete becomes aware of the ideal performance state and the routine behaviours they are already using to achieve this state
2) Recognize when no longer in the ideal state
3) Implements appropriate intervention to get back into ideal performance state

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32
Q

What are the two pieces of peak performance?

A

Compensating and Adjusting

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33
Q

What is the difference between Compensating and Adjusting?

A

Compensate: Internal
Adjusting: External

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34
Q

What are the 7 Rs of reactions?

A

1) Responsibility
2) Recognize
3) Release
4) Regroup
5) Refocus
6) Ready
7) Respond

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35
Q

Explain the Traffic light analogy when it comes to awareness?

A

Green Light: Optimal, Continue what doing
Yellow Light: Possible caution, observe carefully
Red Light: STOP, change either up or down.

36
Q

When is the ideal time to catch yourself according to the traffic light analogy?

A

When it goes from green to yellow.

37
Q

What are some of the ways to develop awareness?

A
  • Keep Records
  • ## Feedback Sheets
38
Q

Fill in the blank

Lack of awareness is almost always the result of an excessive end-result. Instead of focusing on________________

A

The task

39
Q

What is the definition of stress?

A

Something that makes us uncomfortable or underpressure

40
Q

True or False

Stress is a process.

A

True

41
Q

Does environment play a role in stress?

A

Yes

42
Q

What is the equation for stress outcomes?

A

Situation + Reaction = Outcome

43
Q

What are the three groups of stressors?

A

1.Acute (short term, 1 min-couple days) vs Chronic (Long-Term, 1 week-years)
2.Expected vs Unexpected Stressor
3.Competitive (Game) vs Non-Competitive (Bullying)

44
Q

What is arousal?

A

State of activation from deep sleep to extreme excitement

45
Q

What are the two types of anxiety?

A

State: Anxiety experienced in certain situations but not others
Trait: General predisposition to experience anxiety in a variety of situations

46
Q

What are the four theories of stress-performance relationship?

A

1) Drive Theory
More Physical arousal the better the performance
2) Inverted-U Model
Ideal level of arousal for performance
3) Cusp Catastrophe Theory
Optimal performance when Cognitive anxiety is high & somatic arousal is moderate
Dramatic decrease in performance when cognitive anxiety is high and somatic arousal is high
4) Individual Zones of optimal functioning (IZOF)
Everyone handles situation handles things different

47
Q

Who can influence the environment in a sport setting?

A

Coaches, teammates, officials and opponents

48
Q

What are the ABC’s of an event?

A

A: Antecedents: environments stimuli
B: Behaviors that people engage in
C: Consequences, Strengthens or weakens behavior

49
Q

Describe the ABC equation?

A

If A+B occur C is the result

50
Q

What is positive reinforcement?

A

Presentation of a positive stimulus

Giving a high five if something is done well

51
Q

What is negative reinforcement?

A

Something positive being removed because of something good

5am lift taken out because of a good practice

52
Q

What is extinction?

A

Reinforcement stops to reduce the behavior

No one laughs at jokes and jokes stop

53
Q

What is aversive punishment?

A

Unpleasant stimuli presented to reduce behaviour.

Player criticized for being late to reduce the behaviour

54
Q

What is Response cost Punishment?

A

Remove something positive to reduce the behaviour

Athlete doesn’t play because they were late

55
Q

What is the difference between Aversive Control & Positive Control?

A

Aversive Control: Punishment & Relies on fear

Positive Control: Positive reinforcement & Strengthens desired through reinforcement

56
Q

What type of outcome of punishment leads to fear of failure?

A

Negative outcomes of punishment

57
Q

List two distinct advantages over aversive punishment.

A
  1. Does Not rely on fear so won’t cause avoidance of the punisher of the situation
    2) Not modeling abusive aggression so less likely to learn to imitate aggression
58
Q

Why does aversive control work for some coaches?

A
  • Feedback not taken personally
  • Recruit people that can handle it
  • Talented athletes
59
Q

What are some causes of injuries?

A
  • Bad luck
  • Level of conditioning
  • Poor playing surface
  • Faulty Biomechanic
60
Q

Fill in the blank.

Major life events in the _____________ _____________ of competitive season can increase the risk of injury.

A

Calendar year

61
Q

How much more at risk are athletes to injury?

A

2-5x more likely

62
Q

True or false

Lower competitive trait anxiety is associated with higher risk of injury.

A

False

Higher competitive trait anxiety is associated w/ higher risk of injury

63
Q

What are two things that could make an athlete perceive more situations as stressful and cope less effectively?

A
  1. Lack of adequate coping resources
  2. Personality characteristics
64
Q

What is one way to help reduce injuries?

A

Reducing exposure to high-risk activities if the athlete has recently experienced many stressors.

65
Q

How soon should athletes rejoin their team after injury?

A

ASAP, being in a social environment with teammates is key

66
Q

What are the four steps to a coaches self-fulfilling prophecy?

A

1) Coach develops expectations for each athlete that predicts the level of performance
2) Expectations influence the coaches treatment of individual athletes
3) Coaches treatment affects the performance
4)Athletes performance conform to coach expectations thus reinforcing the expectations

67
Q

True or False

Coaches expectation or judgement of their athletes cannot influence the most athletes performance and behaviour.

A

False

68
Q

What is communication?

A

Ability to express thoughts,feelings and needs

69
Q

What are the ABC’s of psychological outcomes in regards to communication?

A
  • Affective: Emotions,moods,feelings
  • Behavioral: Observable actions
  • Cognitive: thoughts, mental processes
70
Q

What are the two main types of communication?

A

Verbal & Nonverbal

71
Q

What two things interact to produce meaning?

A

Content and Context

72
Q

True or False.

How you say things is as important as the content.

A

True

73
Q

What are the configurations of communication?

A
  1. Coach-Team
  2. Coach-Athlete
  3. Athlete-Athlete
74
Q

Describe Coach-Team Communication.

A
  • Impart all team expectations
  • Inspire everyones best
  • Monitor progress
  • Clarify the goals
  • Reinforce positive behaviour
75
Q

Describe Coach-Athlete Communication.

A
  • Get to know athletes
  • Be honest
  • Reduce uncertainty
  • Focus on positivity
  • Empathy is key
76
Q

Describe Athlete-Athlete Communication.

A
  • On path to same goal
  • Listen
  • Give and receive constructive feedback
  • Learn to tolerate
  • Avoid gossiping
  • Keep confrontation private
77
Q

What are the three types of listening?

A
  1. Arrogant: More interested in what to say rather than what the other person is saying
  2. Superficial or Inattentive: Tune out once they think they have enough info
  3. Active: Attentive, connected and tries to grasp the topic
78
Q

What are the 4 Olves?

A
  1. Involve: Talk about team culture and everyone job
  2. Resolve: Come up with a solution when conflicts arise
  3. Absolve: Once conflict is done move on
  4. Evolve:Use conflicts as a time of growth
79
Q

What is culture?

A

All the ways of life including arts, beliefs and institutions of a population that are passed down from generation to generation

80
Q

Define intersectionality.

A

Multiple intersecting identities lead to similar and unique experiences

81
Q

What is cultural competence?

A

Ability to work effectively with those of a different culture

82
Q

What is equality vs equity?

A

Equality: Everyone gets the same
Equity: Everyone gets what they need to succeed

83
Q

Define Power relation.

A

Cultural relations involve power and privilege

84
Q

What is reality in regards to cultural competency?

A

Few get more than what they need, some get what they need and many get less than.

85
Q

What is justice in regards to equality?

A

Inequality is addressed and everyone can come as they are

86
Q

Should everyone be treated equally?

A

Not everyone treated equality, but accordingly to what they have and need

87
Q

What is the difference between sex & gender?

A

Sex is biological
Gender is mental

SPSC 2231 (1 decks)

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