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Data Analysis > Mid Term > Flashcards

Mid Term Flashcards

1
Q

Define Noisy in data

A

Containing errors or outliers

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2
Q

Tabular form

A

Data has rows and columns

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3
Q

Define variable

A

a storage mechanism for a particular identifier, which contains information referred to as a value

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4
Q

Define randomization

A

the practice of using chance methods to assign participants to experimental conditions without bias or knowing anything about the person.

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5
Q

WHERE

A

Defines a specific condition desired in the outcome (ex. age = 35)

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6
Q

What is business analytics

A

The use of data to gain insights from data to maximize business outcomes

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7
Q

3 steps of getting data ready for analysis

A

clean, structure, integrate

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8
Q

5 stages of business analytics

A
  • data wrangling
  • descriptive analytics
  • predictive analytics
  • prescriptive analytics
  • storytelling
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9
Q

data wrangling

A

wrestling with data to get it in a more structured format that is useful for analytics

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10
Q

Data integration

A

connecting two sources of data to offer more insights than each source would yield separately

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11
Q

predictive analytics

A

The practice of interpreting data to predict the likelihood of future business outcomes

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12
Q

Prescriptive analytics

A

the use of optimization techniques to advise businesses on what they should do

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13
Q

Spreadsheet tool

A

an interactive software application for structuring, transforming, analyzing, and storing data in rows and columns

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14
Q

Programming

A

The process of solving a problem using computer algorithms

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15
Q

Programing language

A

a formal set of instructions that can be used to produce various kinds of output

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16
Q

open-source programming tools

A

programming tools that are made freely available, often developed by and for the community

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17
Q

What are two well-known open-source programs

A

R and Python

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18
Q

Programming code

A

a collection of statements written in a particular programming language

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19
Q

Record

A

row in a spreadsheet
stores a person’s or object’s response over a number of fields

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20
Q

Fields

A

column in a spreadsheet
stores the info unit we have about each record (e.g. a person’s age, income, etc.)

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21
Q

Integer

A

a variable that contains numbers without decimal points

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22
Q

Programming tool

A

a software package that allows for the execution of programming code

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23
Q

Big data

A

large sets of both structured and unstructured data

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24
Q

Relational database

A

A means of storing information in such a way that information can be retrieved from it.

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25
Q

Non-relational database

A

a database that is not stored in tables, ready for analysis, but instead they may be document-based and use a variety of other strategies.

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26
Q

Hadoop

A

an open-source software framework that stores and processes large amounts of data

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27
Q

Document Databases

A

a database that pairs a key with a complex data structure

28
Q

Scientific method

A

A set of techniques used for investigating phenomena commonly based on reasoning applied to the evidence of empirical data

29
Q

controlled experiment

A

type of experiment in which a hypothesis is tested by looking for changes in a dependent variable measure caused by manipulated changes to an independent variable as the only factor that is allowed to be adjusted

30
Q

Overconfidence

A

tendency to think too highly of one’s expertise

31
Q

What does S.T.P stand for

A

Segmentation, Targeting, Positioning

32
Q

Wide-column Stores

A

a database that uses a column-oriented data structure, similar to an inverted table that has multiple attributes per key

33
Q

Graph databases

A

databases that use structured relational graphs of the key-value pairings

34
Q

multi-model database

A

A database that can support multiple data models against a single, integrated backend

35
Q

NoSQL

A

not-only structure query language with the ability to retrieve data from a relational database and data from non-relational data sources

36
Q

SQL

A

used to retrieve data from a database application

37
Q

SQL vs. NoSQL

A

-SQL manages relational databases while NoSQL manages non-relational databases
-NoSQL can handle large volumes of rapidly changing structured semi-structured and unstructured data.

38
Q

primary key

A

a column that uniquely identifies a row in the table

39
Q

unique key

A

used to indicate that an index cannot accept duplicate entries

40
Q

database management system

A

interacts with end-users to store and manage structured data

41
Q

Table function

A

command that manages and changes tables within the database

42
Q

Query function

A

SQL commands that ask questions of the data

43
Q

SELECT

A

gathers specific data from a table

44
Q

FROM

A

Establishes which table the data is gathered from

45
Q

What are nodes

A

entities in a graph database such as people, accounts, firms, etc

46
Q

cloud

A

storing and accessing data and programs over the internet instead of a local computer

47
Q

GROUP BY

A

Tells how to segment the data (ex. group by state)

48
Q

Join command

A

temporarily combines two tables for the query

49
Q

Inner Join

A

data that has matching records in both tables

50
Q

Left join

A

All data from left and matching data from right

51
Q

Right join

A

All data from right and matching data from left

52
Q

Full join

A

All data from both tables

53
Q

What is a dendrogram

A

a diagram illustrating a hierarchy of clusters

54
Q

Psychographic segmentation

A

Segmenting people by their feelings about a product category.

55
Q

A centroid

A

a center of mass of a geometric object of uniform density

56
Q

Cluster analysis

A

a technique for grouping people so that those in the same group are more like one another compared with those in other groups

57
Q

data mining

A

The process of finding patterns in large data sets

58
Q

Segmentation

A

Used in marketing to divide the total populations of customers into smaller, relatively homogenous groups.

59
Q

targeting

A

Identifying which segment(s) to pursue and appealing uniquely to particular segments of customers

60
Q

Positioning

A

A business strategy that establishes the way a customer perceives a product or firm relative to the rest of the marketplace

61
Q

k-means cluster analysis

A

iterative technique that seeks to allocate each observation to the cluster closest to it.

62
Q

behavioral data

A

a highly valued source of segmentation; include usage rates and patterns for a product or category

63
Q

A/B testing

A

a method for testing the effectiveness of a business effort via a controlled experiment that tests two or more conditions before exposure to the broader marketplace

64
Q

Sample size

A

The number of participants needed for all conditions of the A/B test or other experiment

65
Q

qualitative

A

a type of data that uses words, photos, or graphs

66
Q

quantitative

A

a type of data that uses numbers

Data Analysis (1 decks)

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