Mid Term

Question 1

An evidence capturing tool that is used by some Police forces is what?

Answer 1

Hunchly

Question 2

Who is the former editor and one of the founders of Breitbart news?

Answer 2

Steve Bannon

Question 3

Proprietary Information …

Answer 3

Information a company wants to keep secret (eg: KFC’s blend of seasonings)

Question 4

Phishing is…

Answer 4

An unsolicited email or text impersonating a trusted entity, sent to a number of random recipients

Question 5

Social Engineering and Example:

Answer 5

Techniques that take advantage of natural social interactions

Question 6

Cyber Crime…

Answer 6

Criminal Activities carried out by means of a computer or the internet.

Question 7

Scams..

Answer 7

1. Lottery
2. Inheritance
3. Romance
4. CRA

Question 8

PII …

Answer 8

Personal Identifiable Information
- Credit card data
- Banking credentials
- Passwords
- Email addresses

Question 9

How PII is collected and put at risk?

Answer 9

• Collected by forms
• Put at risk by not being stored properly

Question 10

What goes down the dark web?

Answer 10

• Tor search engine need to use
• Not everything on the dark web is illegal
• Need VPN to access dark web

Question 11

What does SCADA stand for? What would you target?

Answer 11

Supervisory Control and Date Acquisition

Systems use computers to communicate and network the controls that drive critical processes and machinery, for energy, transportation, water and power.

Question 12

Challenges of law enforcement

Answer 12

• Phone Rights
• Different jurisdiction
• Not many cops trained in online investigations

Question 13

Section 8 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms:

Answer 13

Unreasonable search and seizure

Question 14

Exigency Circumstances means?

Answer 14

• Do not need warrant
• Reasons: Risk of harm to suspect or others, missing person, evidence may be destroyed.
• A Canadian common law as a basis to search without a warrant.

Question 15

LTE:
WIFI:
Bluetooth:
5G:

Answer 15

• LTE: Long-term evolution -increased capacity through high-speed internet.
• WIFI: Reduces demand on LTE and allows for better signal management
• BlueTooth: Short-range data exchange.
• 5G: Improves service with faster data exchange speeds. ( Sales promotion term)

Question 16

Case Studies – R v Fearon:

Answer 16

-Two guys rob a jewelry store at gunpoint
-Cops pull over males in black car who did the robbery.
-The searches of the phone before the warrant violated section 8.
-The cop should have not have searched the phone before warrant. But the cop was seen to have made an honest mistake reasonably made.
-The term “cell phones and similar devices” was adapted

Question 17

Case studies — R v. Marakeh

Answer 17

The appellant, Nour Marakah, was convicted by Justice O’Marra of multiple firearm offenses. The convictions were ultimately dependent on the contents of private text messages between the appellant and Andrew Winchester, a former co-accused, which police obtained from Winchester’s cell phone. All of the other incriminating evidence, including the same text messages extracted from the appellant’s cell phone, was excluded due to Charter violations.

Question 18

R v. Cole:

Answer 18

• Based on a teacher who handed a work laptop into IT to fix something. The IT found porn and nude of students within the school.
  -Laptop and disc was handed to police. Police looked through evidence, without warrant.
  -Judge said teachers section 8 was breached by police looking through the computer without warrant.
  -Conclusion, the evidence was excluded due to unreasonable search and seizure.

Question 19

What is the Cole Test;

Answer 19

-Step One: Requires the applicant to identify the subject matter of the search

-Step Two: Requires the applicant to demonstrate a direct interest in the impugned subject matter

-Step Three: Requires applicant to demonstrate the he or she subjective expected the subject matter to remain private.

Question 20

Understand Malware:

Answer 20

Spyware

Question 21

STOP/THINK/CONNECT:

Answer 21

International Online Safety Awareness Campaign

Question 22

Grey/Black/White Hat Hackers - Government Hacking:

Answer 22

-White hat: Good guy/ Ethical Hackers

-Grey hat: Good and bad

-Black hat: Bad guy

Question 23

TTPs:

Answer 23

Tactics, Techniques, Procedures

Question 24

Patches — How and why?

Answer 24

Are released at regular intervals to update operating systems. They are there to fix nasty software bugs.

Question 25

What is the MLAT (Mutual Legal Assistance Treaty?):

Answer 25

An agreement that assists one countries law enforcement help another

Question 26

Challenges of digital within law enforcement:

Answer 26

-Volume of cases can be overwhelming.
-Training: understand specialized forensics and handling of digital evidence.
-Details of cybercrime can be cross border, multi-jurisdictional.
-Difficulty in linking people, places and things; tracing assets, identifying at risk targets.
-No smoking gun; identity can be hidden anywhere in the world.

Question 27

Production order vs warrant:

Answer 27

-Warrant: Go to justice of the peace and ask for a warrant on searching a home, office, phone etc.

-PO: The police go to the service provider and ask for information. A request to an ISP to provide data.

Question 28

RROSH:

Answer 28

Real risk of significant harm

Question 29

Data Breaches:

Answer 29

38% of business affected in Canada

Question 30

Most common operating systems:

Answer 30

IOS
Android
Linux

Question 31

Portable operating systems:

Answer 31

IOS
Android

Question 32

Prevention

Answer 32

Report accounts or suspicious activity