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Music 101 > Mid Term > Flashcards

Mid Term Flashcards

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1
Q

Art Music

A

Music that is artistic in intent. Classical music from the Middle Ages through the present day is considered art music.

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2
Q

Chord

A

Two or more notes played at the same time.

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3
Q

Chord Progression

A

The order in which series of chords occurs.

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4
Q

Cadence

A

The last few chords in a chord progression, ending on the tonic chord provides a sense of completeness.

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5
Q

Chromatic Scale

A

a chromatic scale is created by playing only half steps - NO WHOLE STEPS

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6
Q

Dynamics

A

descriptive markings or words printed in music that indicate volume.

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7
Q

Classical Music Ensambles

A

Orchestra, Baroque Orchestra, Classical Orchestra

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8
Q

Form

A

refers to the way a particular piece of music is laid out - a “roadmap” or “blueprint” that the composer users.

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9
Q

Genre

A

music category

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10
Q

Harmony

A

musical material that enhances or supports the melody

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11
Q

Homophony

A

Texture found in music in which a melody line is enhanced or supported by other musical material, usually chords.

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12
Q

Interval

A

The distance between two pitches

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13
Q

Key

A

an organizing principle within a composition, determined by the first not in a scale.

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14
Q

Toneality

A

when a piece of music has a distinct tonic.

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15
Q

Atonality

A

when a piece of music avoids maintaining a tonic. Atonal music is fairly dissonant.

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16
Q

Major Scale

A

a succession of whole steps and half steps

W W H W W W H

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17
Q

Measure / bar

A

a unit of musical time

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18
Q

Melody

A

a succession of notes - any succession of notes.

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19
Q

Meter

A

a pattern of regularly recurring accented beats and unaccented beats.

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20
Q

Duple Meter

A

one accented beats followed by one unaccented beat. heavy-light, heavy-light

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21
Q

Triple Meter

A

one accented beat followed by two unaccented beats. Heavy-light-light

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22
Q

Quadruple Meter

A

Heavy-light-somewhat heavy-light

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23
Q

Compound Meter

A

reccuring pattern of accented beats and unaccented beats

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24
Q

Minor Scale

A

playing a different succession of whole and half steps

W H W W H W W

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25
Q

Modulation

A

when music moves from one key to another

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26
Q

Monophony

A

most basic texture - single melody line - no harmony.

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27
Q

Motive

A

short succession of notes that is used throughout a piece of music to create a sense of unity within a piece.

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28
Q

Movement

A

a self-contained portion of music that is part of a larger work.

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29
Q

Note

A

a single pitch

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30
Q

phrase

A

a short melody, that if you were singing would feel natural to take a breath at the end.

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31
Q

Pitch

A

a sound created by vibrations

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32
Q

Polyphony

A

texture found in music two or more melodic lines that are equal in importance.

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33
Q

Pop Music

A

music that is popular, rock, theature, film music, and jazz

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34
Q

Repeat Signs

A

shows when to repeat a section of music

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35
Q

Rythem

A

how music occurs within time. The most basic is the succession of durations of notes

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36
Q

Score

A

word used to describe the printed music of a piece of music.

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37
Q

Song/peice

A

Songs are sung - everything else is a “Piece”

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38
Q

Tempo

A

the speed of the music

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39
Q

Texture

A

the means by which melody, harmony, and rhythm are combined in a composition

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40
Q

Theme

A

similar to a motive but longer

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41
Q

Tone Color / Timbre

A

the quality of sound of an instrument or voice.

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42
Q

Tonic

A

First note in each scale

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43
Q

a cappella

A

singing not accompanied by musical instruments.

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44
Q

Anonymos

A

they don’t know who composed it

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45
Q

Church Modes

A

scales approved by the church

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46
Q

drone

A

a sustained continuous pitch

47
Q

Hildegard of Bingen

A

Tithed to church as tenth child, wrote books ar varoius subjects, reffered to as saint, Best known for Plainchant composition Ordo Virtutum Middle Ages

48
Q

Mass

A

most important church service catholic
Proper - text that change from day to day
Ordinary - the text is the same every-time you go

49
Q

Organa / Organum (Singular)

A

Composers took pre-existing chant and wrote a new melodic line to be sung at the same time as the existing chant.

50
Q

Plainchant

A

the main type of music heard in the first half of the middle ages in the catholic church.

51
Q

Plainchant - Recitation

A

on pitch dominant with small variations

52
Q

Plainchant - Responsory

A

Call and response heard between one signer and a group of singers.

53
Q

Plainchant - Non-Repsonsory

A

no call and response effect

54
Q

Plainchant - Symabic

A

one tone per syllable - text setting

55
Q

Plainchant - Neumatic

A

Text setting - a few notes per syllable

56
Q

Plainchant - Melismatic

A

text setting - lots of notes per syllable

57
Q

Troubadour

A

any composer working on non-secular music

58
Q

Troubadour Songs

A

non-secular songs in the middle ages

59
Q

Dance Music of Renaaissance

A

many different types

60
Q

High Renaissance Style

A

a style in which the textures used in any particular piece of music alternated between polyphony (mainly imitative) and homophony.

61
Q

Madrigal

A

a song in high renaissance style for a cappella multiple voices.

62
Q

Palestrina, Giovanni

A

Renaissance - mostly secular music masses and motets wrote over 100 masses

63
Q

Paraphrase Mass

A

pre-existing melody was reworked by adding rhythm or extra notes to make it more interesting.

64
Q

Parody Mass

A

a mass in which each ordinary portion of the mass began with the exact same notes in all voice parts as pre-existing piece of music.

65
Q

Thomas Weelkes

A

Renaissance - works include both a considerable amount of church and secular music. Best known for Madgrigals.

66
Q

Word Painting

A

illustrate words being sung. ascending into heaven the notes would go up.

67
Q

aria

A

section in opera in which singer reflected reflected on a particular plot point,usually their emotions

68
Q

Bach

A

Baroque Era - mostly lutheran church - not famous in his lifetime - lutheran cantatas and Masses

69
Q

Basso Continuo

A

technique in which improvised chords were added to the bass line in a piece of music.

70
Q

Cadenza

A

moment during concerto orchestra arrived at cadence chord and stopped playing while soloist improvised unaccompanied solo for as long as they deem appropriate

71
Q

Cantata

A

relatively short, sacred, dramatic musical presentation that was performed in lutheran church service.

72
Q

Castrati

A

men castrated before puberty to prevent their voices from dropping

73
Q

Chamber Music

A

refers to ensembles of a smaller size than an orchestra, usually a group between 2 and 20 performers

74
Q

choir

A

a vocal emsemble usually focusing on sacred music

75
Q

choral

A

same thing as a hymn, similar to those sung in most christian churches - four part harmony

76
Q

Choral Prelude

A

was an arrangement of a chorale for solo organ.

77
Q

Chorus

A

a vocal ensemble that generally specializes in secular music

78
Q

concerto / concerto grosso

A

concerto with more than one soloist

79
Q

concertino

A

small group of soloist that would sing concerto grosso.

80
Q

ripieno

A

group of accompany instruments for concerto grosso

81
Q

Da Capo Aria

A

song in 3 sections ABA

82
Q

ensemble

A

was any aria-like section in which there was more than one singer - mainly duos and trios

83
Q

figured bass

A

a set of symbols written above or below the bass line to help keyboardists realize the bass line.

84
Q

French Overture

A

one of the more popular forms of composing Baroque Era - 2 Sections 1. Slow opening section 2. faster section

85
Q

ground bass

A

bass line in which the succession of pitches repeat over and over again.

86
Q

Handel

A

Baroque Era - worked mostly in secular operas and oratoria - Messiah

87
Q

opera

A

genre in which story was told through singing and acting, complete with sets and costumes

88
Q

oratoria

A

similar to opera, but told secular story and no sets and costumes

89
Q

Purcell, Henry

A

organist at west minister abbey, court composer for English royalty mostly composed operas

90
Q

recitative

A

a section within an opera in which narration was sung by a solo singer or dialogue was sung between multiple singers

91
Q

ritornello form

A

began with musical played by a large group of instruments usually orchestra.

92
Q

Sonata

A

all purely instrumental music, intended to be played at home.

93
Q

suite

A

a multi-movement work in which the first movement was an introduction of sorts and the following movements were based on dances

94
Q

Trio Sonota

A

type of chamber music, intended to be performed in a home.

95
Q

Antonio Vivaldi

A

Baroque Era - orphanage school for girls - wrote 40 operas - Genre Concerti

96
Q

walking bass

A

technique in which every note in the bass line was the same length

97
Q

Beethoven

A

Classical Era - Pushing boundaries - went deaf around 30 - critics criticized him - GenreSymphony - Sympony No. 5 in c minor Op 67

98
Q

Chamber Music

A

Music meant to be played in someones home. string quartets common in classical era

99
Q

concerto - classical

A

meant for soloist with orchestra, not as popular as they were in baroque era

100
Q

ensembles (opera)

A

each singer sang their own thoughts, allowed emotions to change

101
Q

Hayden

A

classical era - symphony - symphony no 94 in G Major “The Surprise”

102
Q

Mass - Classical Era

A

was still the vital music genre, style changed from baroque era

103
Q

Minuet

A

evolved from baroque era dance called the minuet, triple meter, contrasting middle section called trio A B A

104
Q

Mozart

A

Classical Era - opera - The Marriage of Figaro

105
Q

Piano Trio

A

multi-movement chamber work for piano and 2 other orchestral instruments, usually violin and a cello

106
Q

Rondo Form

A

classical era - allowed the composer the most freedom.
ABABA
ABACA
ABACABA and so on

107
Q

sherzo

A

replaced minuet form - much faster - more freedom than minuet

108
Q

singspiel

A

German opera - spoken dialogue takes the place of the typical recitative numbers

109
Q

Sonota - Classical

A

mulit-movement solo for piano or duo for piano and one other classical instrument

110
Q

Sonota - Rondo Form

A

hybrid of sonota & Rondo form

111
Q

string quartet

A

chamber genre - 2 violins 1 viola 1 cello

112
Q

Symphony

A

multi movement work for orchestra usually 4 movements

113
Q

Variation form

A

on form then variations on it.

A A’ A’’ A’’’ A’’’’ A’’’’’

114
Q

Wind Quintet

A

multi-chamber work for five wind instruments classical era.

flute, oboe, clarinet, bassoon, and horn

Music 101 (1 decks)

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