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PSYC213 > Mid term > Flashcards

Mid term Flashcards

1
Q

What relationship does media have with science?

A

Interdependent

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2
Q

Why is science in media good?

A

Helps to spread awareness on how scientific developments are making advances in many domains that have high public interest factors.

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3
Q

Why do many people chose social media news over research articles?

A

Expensive to access and hard to comprehend.

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4
Q

What is wrong with media paraphrasing research to make it more accessible to the public?

A

Often misread, misunderstood, data is exaggerated and many aspects of important information are removed

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5
Q

What is internal validity?

A

The degree of certainty that independent variables of an experiment caused the effects on the dependent variables

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6
Q

What is external validity?

A

The degree to which a studies findings can be generalised across many people

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7
Q

What is confirmation bias?

A

Actively supporting our own beliefs rather than searching for alternative perspectives

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8
Q

What are echo chambers?

A

The idea that the media algorithm aims to keep content relevant to each individual. By using data gathered on your interests and views, it will aim to recommend content based on only your interests. Shielding the individual from alternative content. This is an example of conformation bias.

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9
Q

What is the core interest of social psychology?

A

An interactionist perspective considering both individual variables and situationism

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10
Q

What is the definition of social psychology?

A

Study of how an individual’s thoughts, feelings, and behaviour are influenced by the real or imagined presence of others

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11
Q

In social psyc what is the main thing being studied?

A

The individual. even in group study.

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12
Q

What are the ABCs of social psyc?

A

Affect towards self and others
Behaviour across domains
Cognition towards self and others

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13
Q

When was the science of social psychology legitimised?

A

19th century

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14
Q

How do you begin research?

A

Ask questions, research literature and formulate hypothesis

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15
Q

What is a theory?

A

Organised set of principles to explain observed phenomena

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16
Q

What is a conceptual variable?

A

Abstract concept one might attempt to measure

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17
Q

What is an operational definition?

A

States how a conceptual variable will be measured

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18
Q

What is descriptive research?

A

Aims to describe people, thoughts, feelings and behaviour

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19
Q

What are some examples of descriptive research approaches?

A

Observational studies, Archival studies and Surveys (with random sampling)

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20
Q

What is correlational research?

A

Research to observe the relationship between variables

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21
Q

What is the major disadvantage of correlational research?

A

CORRELATION DOES NOT EQUAL CAUSATION

- if you don’t know this by now, just drop the fuck out honestly

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22
Q

What is an experiment?

A

Used to examine cause and effect relationships

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23
Q

What are the two main characteristics of experiments?

A
  1. researcher has control of the experiment

2. participants are randomly assigned conditions

24
Q

What is a variable?

A

Characteristic of an object, person or event which can take two or more values

25
Q

What are the 3 types of variables?

A
  1. Dependent (stays the same)
  2. Independent (changes and impacts DV)
  3. Subject (pre-existing categories such as gender, axe, etc)
26
Q

Describe independent measures (between-subject)

A

Comparing the DV of two groups under separate conditions

for example: experiment group and control group

27
Q

Describe repeated measures (within-subject)

A

One group tests both conditions and results are compared

28
Q

What is a confound?

A

Confounds occur when two variables are both manipulated simultaneously, where the effect of each is individually undistinguishable

29
Q

What are field studies?

A

Conducted in real world settings, Lacks random assignment so is quasi-experimental, and sometimes uses subject variables as independent variables.

30
Q

What is meta-analysis?

A

Examining research and combining results to measure reliability and effects.

31
Q

What are some examples of Measuring variables?

A
  • self report
  • behavioural
  • reaction times
  • brain imaging
  • virtual reality
  • Alternative tech (social media)
32
Q

What is an important factor of self concept?

A

Self recognition

33
Q

What is self concept?

A

The sum of total beliefs we have about ourselves

34
Q

Self concept is made up of self schemas. What are self schemas?

A

Beliefs about oneself that guide processing information about the self.

35
Q

What is introspection?

A

Self-knowledge through looking at ones own thoughts and feelings

36
Q

What is influence of social context?

A

The self-concept changes to personal and situational factors.

37
Q

What is influence of others?

A

They way others within our environment (real or imagined) can influence behaviour, emotions and self concept.

38
Q

Explain perceptions of our own behaviour

A

Based on the self perception theory: When internal cues are difficult to interpret, people often observe their own behaviour for insight.

39
Q

What is the difference between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation?

A

Intrinsic: from within a person
Extrinsic: from external influence

40
Q

What are cultural influences?

A

Regarding individualism and the idea that one’s culture, values and more can impact self-concept

41
Q

What is the difference between the independent view of self and the interdependent view of self?

A

Independent: Self concept with others opinions on the outside
Interdependent: Self concept including others opinions

42
Q

What is self-esteem?

A

Affective evaluation of self concept

43
Q

What kind of illusions do people typically have about themselves?

A

Positive ones

44
Q

What is self handicapping?

A

Sabotaging the self to create an excuse for failure

45
Q

What is sandbagging

A

Downplaying a situation or predicting failure before a situation

46
Q

Define the phrase “basking in the glory of others”

A

Surrounding ourselves with people perceived lower or less favourable in some aspect to increase self-esteem via comparison

47
Q

What is social comparison?

A

Comparing the self to others in more unfortunate circumstances to make the self feel better

48
Q

What is malleable, complex and multi-faced?

A

The self

49
Q

What is aggression?

A

Behaviour intended to harm someone who does not wish to be harmed.

50
Q

What are the three types of form aggression?

A
  • Physical
  • Verbal
  • Relational
51
Q

What are the two aggression functions?

A
  • Reactive

- Proactive

52
Q

Can media violence influence aggressive behaviour?

A

Yes

53
Q

What has a causal relationship with televised violence?

A

Anti-social behaviour

54
Q

What is intergroup bias?

A

When you favour your own group (intergroup) more than and another (outer group)

55
Q

What determines your intergroup?

A

Many factors across domains. Most people are in many groups/

56
Q

What are the three ways bias can manifest itself?

A
  • prejudice
  • discrimination
  • stereotyping
57
Q

Why has subtle racism surfaced?

A

As racism has become morally wrong in the context of generalised social norms

PSYC213 (2 decks)

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