Mid term Flashcards
Miranda v. Arizona (1966)
Court ruled 5th amendment compels police inform suspects of their rights before interrogations -i.e., law enforcement must recognize “Miranda rights”
Griswold v Conneticut (1965)
The “right to privacy” protect americans from “governmental intrusion” into our personal lives. In this case, the use of contraception (ie birth control) was protected
Reynolds v. Sims(1964)
state legislative districts must be roughly equal in population to gurantee that each voter has roughly equal weight in elections- ie. the so called “one person, one vote” principle.
Gideon v. Wainwright(1963)
court held that 6th amendment compels states to provide attorneys to defendants in criminal cases, even if the defendants cannot or refuse to pay.
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas (1954)
court ruled “separate educational facilities are inherently unequal,” outlawing segregation in public schools and overturning Plessy v. Ferguson in education settings.
Korematsu v. US (1944)
Supreme Court upheld internment camps of japanese americans during WWII. Specifically, FDR’s executive order 9066 after pearl harbor was deemed legal by the court.
schenck v. US (1919)
freedom of speech does not protect “words used.. to create a clear and present danger,” therefore, congress can prevent such speech. specifically, the espionage act could prevent criticism of the draft at the time. (during wwI)
Guinn and Beal v US(1915)
supreme court ruled grandfather clauses for voting rights are unconstitutional. also, first case in which naacp filed a brief before the supreme court.
plessy v ferguson (1896)
this is post-civil war and the gurantee of afrian american citizenship. in plessy, court ruled segregation was consitutional, if separate but equal” facilities were provided.
dred Scott v sandford(1857)
supreme court ruled that constitution was not meant to include black people in the us citizenship. regarding federalism, this case also struck down the missisipi compromise, arguing the us congress had no right to outlaw slavery since that was a “states” rights” issue.
prigg v Pennsylvania(1842)
supreme court invalidated Pennsylvania law prohibiting blacks from being snatched” and taken back into slavery. established blacks have fewer protections than whites. invalidated northern states” claims to a states right to protect runaway slaves from the south.
worcester v Georgia (1832)
supreme court ruled cherokee were dependant nation, with a relationship to the us like that of a ward to a guardian” and limited tribal sovereignty
cherokee nation v Georgia(1831)
supreme court ruled Cherokee were dependent nation, with a relationship to the us like that of a “ward to a guardian and limited tribal sovereignty
gibbons v ogden
supreme court interepreted the commerece clause of the constitution to grant congress power to regulate navigation. vastly expands national control over commerce/economy
marbury v madison (1803)
Established the principle of judicial review, the legal power of the court to overturn a law or offical government action because the court deems the law or action unconstitutional
loving v virginia 1967
court ruled that laws banning interracial marriages violate the equal protection and due process clauses of the 14th amendment
brandenburg v Ohio (1969)
court ruled government cannot prevent speech unless it incites or produces “imminent lawless action” creating a more expansive speech protection than the scheneck precedent.
Roe v Wade(1973)
the right to privacy means government cannot outlaw abortion in all cases. generally in the first trimester abortion is a protected right, while it is less protected later in pregnancy.
miller v cali (1973)
court creates the obscenity test to determine whether certain expressions (e.g sexually explicit art and films) are protected by the 1st amendment or if they can be constituionally outlawed
US vs Nixon
court ruled “executive privilege” does not shield US presidents from requirements to provide evidence to oversight bodies, such as impeachment hearings, trials, or commitees in congress.
regents of the university of california v bakke
affirmative action policies cannot include “racial quotas” (e.g 20 percent of the students must be black), as per court.
pyler vs doe
court ruled equal protection clause of 14th requires states and localites must provide public k-12 education for undocumented children in the us
bob jones university vs us
the establishment clause of the 1st amendment does not protect reacial discrimination based on religous beliefs(specifically this court ruled that the IRS could revoke the universitys tax exempt status
employment division v smith
the free excercise clause of the 1st amendment allow states to punish religous peyote use, even though peyote is a long established ritual of many indigenous faiths
grutter v bollinger
court ruled that affirmative action policies in student admissions can aid “underrepresented minority groups,” however, race cannot be the determinative factor” in the decisions
Lawrence v texas
court expanded the right to privacy to include consensual sexual relations among adults, specifically, in this case, court overturned laws that criminalize homesexuailty.
DC v Heller
court ruled the 2nd amendment protects an individual rights to possess a firearm regardless of that persons connection to millitary service or militia,” as mentioned in the amendment.
citizens united v dec
court held that 1st amendments free speech protections include the right to spend unlimited amounts of money to influence elections in most scenarios.
shelby county, Alabama v holder
supreme court overturned a portion of the voting rights act of 1965, which had mandated certain states and jurisdictions with a history of racially discriminatory laws must get preclearance from the US dept of justice before amending their voting laws.
obergefell v Hodges
supreme court ruled the equal protections and due process clauses of the 14th amendment establish a fundamental right to marry for lgbtq people
rucho v common cause
supreme court ruled that partisan gerrymanderign claims are political questions that must be left to state courts and are outside the jurisdiction of federal courts.
bostock v clayton county Georgia
supreme court ruled that the civil rights act of 1964 protects lgbtq+ employees against discrimination based on their sexual orientation or gender identity.
bostock v clayton county Georgia
supreme court ruled that the civil rights act of 1964 protects lgbtq+ employees against discrimination based on their sexual orientation or gender identity.
