Mid term

Question 1

Miranda v. Arizona (1966)

Answer 1

Court ruled 5th amendment compels police inform suspects of their rights before interrogations -i.e., law enforcement must recognize “Miranda rights”

Question 2

Griswold v Conneticut (1965)

Answer 2

The “right to privacy” protect americans from “governmental intrusion” into our personal lives. In this case, the use of contraception (ie birth control) was protected

Question 3

Reynolds v. Sims(1964)

Answer 3

state legislative districts must be roughly equal in population to gurantee that each voter has roughly equal weight in elections- ie. the so called “one person, one vote” principle.

Question 4

Gideon v. Wainwright(1963)

Answer 4

court held that 6th amendment compels states to provide attorneys to defendants in criminal cases, even if the defendants cannot or refuse to pay.

Question 5

Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas (1954)

Answer 5

court ruled “separate educational facilities are inherently unequal,” outlawing segregation in public schools and overturning Plessy v. Ferguson in education settings.

Question 6

Korematsu v. US (1944)

Answer 6

Supreme Court upheld internment camps of japanese americans during WWII. Specifically, FDR’s executive order 9066 after pearl harbor was deemed legal by the court.

Question 7

schenck v. US (1919)

Answer 7

freedom of speech does not protect “words used.. to create a clear and present danger,” therefore, congress can prevent such speech. specifically, the espionage act could prevent criticism of the draft at the time. (during wwI)

Question 8

Guinn and Beal v US(1915)

Answer 8

supreme court ruled grandfather clauses for voting rights are unconstitutional. also, first case in which naacp filed a brief before the supreme court.

Question 9

plessy v ferguson (1896)

Answer 9

this is post-civil war and the gurantee of afrian american citizenship. in plessy, court ruled segregation was consitutional, if separate but equal” facilities were provided.

Question 10

dred Scott v sandford(1857)

Answer 10

supreme court ruled that constitution was not meant to include black people in the us citizenship. regarding federalism, this case also struck down the missisipi compromise, arguing the us congress had no right to outlaw slavery since that was a “states” rights” issue.

Question 11

prigg v Pennsylvania(1842)

Answer 11

supreme court invalidated Pennsylvania law prohibiting blacks from being snatched” and taken back into slavery. established blacks have fewer protections than whites. invalidated northern states” claims to a states right to protect runaway slaves from the south.

Question 12

worcester v Georgia (1832)

Answer 12

supreme court ruled cherokee were dependant nation, with a relationship to the us like that of a ward to a guardian” and limited tribal sovereignty

Question 13

cherokee nation v Georgia(1831)

Answer 13

supreme court ruled Cherokee were dependent nation, with a relationship to the us like that of a “ward to a guardian and limited tribal sovereignty

Question 14

gibbons v ogden

Answer 14

supreme court interepreted the commerece clause of the constitution to grant congress power to regulate navigation. vastly expands national control over commerce/economy

Question 15

marbury v madison (1803)

Answer 15

Established the principle of judicial review, the legal power of the court to overturn a law or offical government action because the court deems the law or action unconstitutional

Question 16

loving v virginia 1967

Answer 16

court ruled that laws banning interracial marriages violate the equal protection and due process clauses of the 14th amendment

Question 17

brandenburg v Ohio (1969)

Answer 17

court ruled government cannot prevent speech unless it incites or produces “imminent lawless action” creating a more expansive speech protection than the scheneck precedent.

Question 18

Roe v Wade(1973)

Answer 18

the right to privacy means government cannot outlaw abortion in all cases. generally in the first trimester abortion is a protected right, while it is less protected later in pregnancy.

Question 19

miller v cali (1973)

Answer 19

court creates the obscenity test to determine whether certain expressions (e.g sexually explicit art and films) are protected by the 1st amendment or if they can be constituionally outlawed

Question 20

US vs Nixon

Answer 20

court ruled “executive privilege” does not shield US presidents from requirements to provide evidence to oversight bodies, such as impeachment hearings, trials, or commitees in congress.

Question 21

regents of the university of california v bakke

Answer 21

affirmative action policies cannot include “racial quotas” (e.g 20 percent of the students must be black), as per court.

Question 22

pyler vs doe

Answer 22

court ruled equal protection clause of 14th requires states and localites must provide public k-12 education for undocumented children in the us

Question 23

bob jones university vs us

Answer 23

the establishment clause of the 1st amendment does not protect reacial discrimination based on religous beliefs(specifically this court ruled that the IRS could revoke the universitys tax exempt status

Question 24

employment division v smith

Answer 24

the free excercise clause of the 1st amendment allow states to punish religous peyote use, even though peyote is a long established ritual of many indigenous faiths

Question 25

grutter v bollinger

Answer 25

court ruled that affirmative action policies in student admissions can aid “underrepresented minority groups,” however, race cannot be the determinative factor” in the decisions

Question 26

Lawrence v texas

Answer 26

court expanded the right to privacy to include consensual sexual relations among adults, specifically, in this case, court overturned laws that criminalize homesexuailty.

Question 27

DC v Heller

Answer 27

court ruled the 2nd amendment protects an individual rights to possess a firearm regardless of that persons connection to millitary service or militia,” as mentioned in the amendment.

Question 28

citizens united v dec

Answer 28

court held that 1st amendments free speech protections include the right to spend unlimited amounts of money to influence elections in most scenarios.

Question 29

shelby county, Alabama v holder

Answer 29

supreme court overturned a portion of the voting rights act of 1965, which had mandated certain states and jurisdictions with a history of racially discriminatory laws must get preclearance from the US dept of justice before amending their voting laws.

Question 30

obergefell v Hodges

Answer 30

supreme court ruled the equal protections and due process clauses of the 14th amendment establish a fundamental right to marry for lgbtq people

Question 31

rucho v common cause

Answer 31

supreme court ruled that partisan gerrymanderign claims are political questions that must be left to state courts and are outside the jurisdiction of federal courts.

Question 32

bostock v clayton county Georgia

Answer 32

supreme court ruled that the civil rights act of 1964 protects lgbtq+ employees against discrimination based on their sexual orientation or gender identity.

Question 33

bostock v clayton county Georgia

Answer 33

supreme court ruled that the civil rights act of 1964 protects lgbtq+ employees against discrimination based on their sexual orientation or gender identity.