Mid-Term Flashcards
(46 cards)
What do personality psychologists want to know?
Thought, Feelings, Behaviours (all invisible)
What is experimenter demand?
Can cause patients to resist or pick the socially desirable answers to help the experimenter.
What is Funders second law?
There is no perfect indicator of personality. There are only clues, and clues are always ambiguous.
Four basic types of sourcing data?
Self-report, Informants, Life outcomes, Behavioural observations. (Bonus: Biology)
3 types of personality psychology research?
Correlation, Experimental, natural/quasi-experimental.
What are the objective measures of psychology?
Life outcomes and behaviour.
Tests to assess personality?
Projective tests (Rorschach inkblots), Objective tests (yes/No and scales).
In what ways can we evaluate the measures of Psychology.
Validity, Reliability, Generalizability.
Define Validity.
Does the study measure what it claims to measure?
Factors that reduce validity.
Low precision of measurement, state of participants, state of the experimenter, the environment.
What are attention checks used for?
Increasing reliability (by excluding participants not paying attention).
What is the trait apporiach to personality?
Indentify fairly stable psychological and behavioural tendencies that differ between people.
What is a trait?
Stable individual differences (e.g. Narcissism, Agreeableness)
What is a state?
Current individual differences between people (e.g. friendliness when in a good mood or high self-esteem from winning a game).
What are two key points of the trait approach?
- Based on empirical research 2. Focuses on individual differences.
Whose theory is the Person Situation debate?
Walter Mischel (1968)
Explain the Stereotype Content Model.
2 dimensions: Warmth and Competence.
High-High = Admiration, Low-Low = Contempt
High warmth-Low competence = Pity
Low warmth-High competence = Envy
What is a negativity bias?
We remember negativity more often, doesn’t mean it’s happening more often.
What is the Realistic Accuracy Model?
Target -> Relevance -> Availability -> Detection -> Utilization -> Judge
What is a concealable stigma?
Hiding parts of your identity because it may cause social stigma.
What is sociosexuality?
Preference for low-investment sexual partners.
Good judges are…?
Intelligent, socially well adjusted, agreeable, know what’s normal.
Traits vs Types
Traits = distributed amongst people (variance, high on agreeableness, low on aggression) Types = qualitative differences (Myers-Briggs).
Why is Myers-Briggs problematic?
Poor validity and reliability. Traits aren’t opposing, can be different levels of both.
