Mid Term 1 Flashcards
To Learn Things
Babylon
Large City
605-561 BC
Modern Iraq
made it the most beautiful city on the world
Acropolis
Sacred Place
Athens, Greece
- The most famous acropolis, it is the only one in the middle of the city. It serves to rise above the cities. It had 4 buildings on it.
Priene
Large City
350 BC
Modern, Turkey
A gridded city, on high ground with a wall around it.
Treasury of Atreus
Vault
1250 BC
Mycenae, Greece
It is a domed structure covered in dirt, and has a long tall entrance way. It utilizes a
Corbel Vault- which is a vault made of layers that protrude a little farther each time they get higher. It has stone columns that taper outward as they go up. The dome may have represented the heavens or the sky.
The Parthenon
447-432 B.C.
Acroplois, Athens, Greece
P: Pericles and Athenians
A: Iktinus and Kallikrates
Sculptor: Phydias
A temple to Athena. It survived for 700 years
They believed that the gods actually came down and inhabited these temples. It uses strategies to fake perfection and trick our minds.
Çatalhöyük
Large Settlement/City
7400 BC - 5600 BC
Modern Turkey
They farmed and domesticated animals, and made tools from volcanic stone.
Palace of Persepolis (Parsa)
Royal Palace
516 - 460 BC
Patron: Darius, Xerxes, Artaxerxes,
Modern Iraq
Great Tumulus Tomb at Newgrange
Large Burial Place
3200 BC
Ireland
Was made of stones found 70 miles away.
Probably took 80 years to build.
Surrounded by large stones with carvings on them.
Stones are held in place by gravity. There is a dome in the center.
The whole thing is aligned to be lit at the rising of the sun on the shortest day if the year. It penetrates all the way into the 20 ft dome.
It must be tied to religious and status.
In the year 2,000 (About 1000 years after it was built), a ring of giant stones was put around it.
Ziggurat of Ur-Nammu
Temple/ Sacred Site
2000 BC
Patron: King Ur-Nammu
Ur (Modern Iraq)
Rectangular, and was 70-100dt tall. The corners face North South East and West. The Ziggurat layers have vegetation on them, and the levels are designed to allow water to drain from them.
The levels were painted by layer to represent different things. They only served to get closer to the Gods. They were platforms that have temples on top of them.
The buildings still reflect governmental power, and the skill of a society to other societies in the area.
1000 years later, the Assyrians build massive palaces that now idolize the emperor and not god. The kings were depicted as “invincible”.
Temple Complex of Amun-Re
Large Temple / Sacred Site
1530-1230 BC
Patron: Assorted Pharaohs
Karnak, Egypt
It was never finished, but it was worked on for over 300 years.
The temple was oriented east to west, replicating the axis of the sun.
They functioned as propaganda, in that they spread mythic type stories of the kings
The temples held festivals. On those days, the statues were taken out of there rooms and paraded around. Then they would “rest” and have sex with there troop of spiritual concubines.
Mohenjo - Daro
Large Settlement/City
2450 - 1900 BC
Indus River Valley (Modern Pakistan)
Is the first example of city planning with major boulevards and streets in a mostly grid pattern. Built with Adobe, with few doors and with very high up windows.
Great Pyramids of Giza
Large Burial Place
2585 - 2500 BC
Architect: Hemiunu
Patron: Khufu, Khafre & Menkaure
Giza, Egypt
Khufu’s pyramid is the tallest one. It will be the tallest man made thing for over 2000 years.
Khafre’s pyramid is slightly shorter than his fathers, but the top of it was covered in gold.
The pyramids faces face the cardinal directions.
The third and last pyramid, is 1/3 of the size, but s faced with granite.
The temples at the start of each ling tunnel could have been used to mummify the pharaoh
Göbekli Tepe
Sacred Site
9500 - 8200 BC
Modern Turkey
Made of circular enclosures with drenches around the perimeter. The problem with this settlement is it came before agriculture. This shows that religious beliefs brought people together before agriculture. There are about 20 circles, with erected stones in the center. This is way before we thought people were building things like this.
Knossos
Palace
2000 - 1520 BC
Crete, Greece
Probably a palace, or an administrative center. It is centered around a courtyard. It is extremely confusing, and has no organizing principle. It is made out of stone and timber.
In the art, there were never depictions of warfare. Just arts and nature.
Ur
Large City
(3000 BC) 2000 BC
Modern Iraq
Mortuary Temple of Hatshepsut
Large Temple
1470 BC
Architect: Senenmut
Patron: Hatshepsut
Deir el-Bahri, Egypt
It is a much bigger temple than it predecessor.
Behind the temples in the cliff, they built an area called the valley of the kings, which is on the other side of the cliff. They were further underground and harder to get to to prevent looting.
Stonehenge
Sacred Site
3100 - 1550 BC
Wiltshire, UK
It is aligned with the rising of the sun on the summer solstice. (The longest day of the year)
It may have had many other celestial alignments like the setting of the sun on the winter solstice.
This may have been a prehistoric calander.
It tells us that people had a pretty sophisticated number system even without a numbering system.
The Periods of Stonehenge
2900 B.C.-Started with just a circle of earth with a few stones. People were buried around them.
2500 B,C.- 59 Bluestones (The number of days in 2 lunar months) are arranged in a crescent. The Blue Stones came from really far away. The blueish tint represents good health.
200 B.C.- There is a massive migration of people to England from central Europe called the Beaker People (based on the pottery they made). They take Stonehenge and remove the bluestones, and construct a stone henge and a horseshoe in the middle using Sarsen Stones. They erected the stones into place with post and beam architecture.
1900 B.C.- The Bluestones are moved back in to make a circle and horseshoe, but then shortly after it is abandoned.
Funerary Complex of Pharaoh Djoser
Large Burial Place
2680-2630 BC
Architect: Imhotep
Patron: Djoser
Saqqara, Egypt
he worlds first finely cut stone structure, and it was of massive proportions. It covers 37 acres, and is surrounded by a huge Mesopotamian style wall. He is the first Egyptian pharaoh to be worshipped as a god, rather than a servant to god.
Imhotep Patron, the architect is the world’s first known genius.
he steeped pyramid in the center is the dominating factor. Although it is absolutely inspired by Mesopotamia, but it is not a ziggurat and it is a tomb, rather than a way to get closer to god, it is built for a god to rest in.
The pharaoh was buried 90 feet underneath it, highly decorated.
At the base of the pyramid there were 13 dummy chapels. They represented the 13 states of Egypt.
made it the most beautiful city on the world
Babylon
Large City
605-561 BC
Modern Iraq
- The most famous acropolis, it is the only one in the middle of the city. It serves to rise above the cities. It had 4 buildings on it.
Acropolis
Sacred Place
Athens, Greece
A gridded city, on high ground with a wall around it.
Priene
Large City
350 BC
Modern, Turkey
It is a domed structure covered in dirt, and has a long tall entrance way. It utilizes a
Corbel Vault- which is a vault made of layers that protrude a little farther each time they get higher. It has stone columns that taper outward as they go up. The dome may have represented the heavens or the sky.
Treasury of Atreus
Vault
1250 BC
Mycenae, Greece
A temple to Athena. It survived for 700 years
They believed that the gods actually came down and inhabited these temples. It uses strategies to fake perfection and trick our minds.
The Parthenon
447-432 B.C.
Acroplois, Athens, Greece
P: Pericles and Athenians
A: Iktinus and Kallikrates
Sculptor: Phydias
They farmed and domesticated animals, and made tools from volcanic stone.
Çatalhöyük
Large Settlement/City
7400 BC - 5600 BC
Modern Turkey
Palace of Persepolis (Parsa)
Royal Palace
516 - 460 BC
Patron: Darius, Xerxes, Artaxerxes,
Modern Iraq
Was made of stones found 70 miles away.
Probably took 80 years to build.
Surrounded by large stones with carvings on them.
Stones are held in place by gravity. There is a dome in the center.
The whole thing is aligned to be lit at the rising of the sun on the shortest day if the year. It penetrates all the way into the 20 ft dome.
It must be tied to religious and status.
In the year 2,000 (About 1000 years after it was built), a ring of giant stones was put around it.
Great Tumulus Tomb at Newgrange
Large Burial Place
3200 BC
Ireland
Rectangular, and was 70-100dt tall. The corners face North South East and West. The Ziggurat layers have vegetation on them, and the levels are designed to allow water to drain from them.
The levels were painted by layer to represent different things. They only served to get closer to the Gods. They were platforms that have temples on top of them.
The buildings still reflect governmental power, and the skill of a society to other societies in the area.
1000 years later, the Assyrians build massive palaces that now idolize the emperor and not god. The kings were depicted as “invincible”.
Ziggurat of Ur-Nammu
Temple/ Sacred Site
2000 BC
Patron: King Ur-Nammu
Ur (Modern Iraq)
It was never finished, but it was worked on for over 300 years.
The temple was oriented east to west, replicating the axis of the sun.
They functioned as propaganda, in that they spread mythic type stories of the kings
The temples held festivals. On those days, the statues were taken out of there rooms and paraded around. Then they would “rest” and have sex with there troop of spiritual concubines.
Temple Complex of Amun-Re
Large Temple / Sacred Site
1530-1230 BC
Patron: Assorted Pharaohs
Karnak, Egypt
Is the first example of city planning with major boulevards and streets in a mostly grid pattern. Built with Adobe, with few doors and with very high up windows.
Mohenjo - Daro
Large Settlement/City
2450 - 1900 BC
Indus River Valley (Modern Pakistan)
Khufu’s pyramid is the tallest one. It will be the tallest man made thing for over 2000 years.
Khafre’s pyramid is slightly shorter than his fathers, but the top of it was covered in gold.
The pyramids faces face the cardinal directions.
The third and last pyramid, is 1/3 of the size, but s faced with granite.
The temples at the start of each ling tunnel could have been used to mummify the pharaoh
Great Pyramids of Giza
Large Burial Place
2585 - 2500 BC
Architect: Hemiunu
Patron: Khufu, Khafre & Menkaure
Giza, Egypt
Made of circular enclosures with drenches around the perimeter. The problem with this settlement is it came before agriculture. This shows that religious beliefs brought people together before agriculture. There are about 20 circles, with erected stones in the center. This is way before we thought people were building things like this.
Göbekli Tepe
Sacred Site
9500 - 8200 BC
Modern Turkey
Probably a palace, or an administrative center. It is centered around a courtyard. It is extremely confusing, and has no organizing principle. It is made out of stone and timber.
In the art, there were never depictions of warfare. Just arts and nature.
Knossos
Palace
2000 - 1520 BC
Crete, Greece
Ur
Large City
(3000 BC) 2000 BC
Modern Iraq
It is a much bigger temple than it predecessor.
Behind the temples in the cliff, they built an area called the valley of the kings, which is on the other side of the cliff. They were further underground and harder to get to to prevent looting.
Mortuary Temple of Hatshepsut
Large Temple
1470 BC
Architect: Senenmut
Patron: Hatshepsut
Deir el-Bahri, Egypt
It is aligned with the rising of the sun on the summer solstice. (The longest day of the year)
It may have had many other celestial alignments like the setting of the sun on the winter solstice.
This may have been a prehistoric calander.
It tells us that people had a pretty sophisticated number system even without a numbering system.
The Periods of Stonehenge
2900 B.C.-Started with just a circle of earth with a few stones. People were buried around them.
2500 B,C.- 59 Bluestones (The number of days in 2 lunar months) are arranged in a crescent. The Blue Stones came from really far away. The blueish tint represents good health.
200 B.C.- There is a massive migration of people to England from central Europe called the Beaker People (based on the pottery they made). They take Stonehenge and remove the bluestones, and construct a stone henge and a horseshoe in the middle using Sarsen Stones. They erected the stones into place with post and beam architecture.
1900 B.C.- The Bluestones are moved back in to make a circle and horseshoe, but then shortly after it is abandoned.
Stonehenge
Sacred Site
3100 - 1550 BC
Wiltshire, UK
he worlds first finely cut stone structure, and it was of massive proportions. It covers 37 acres, and is surrounded by a huge Mesopotamian style wall. He is the first Egyptian pharaoh to be worshipped as a god, rather than a servant to god.
Imhotep Patron, the architect is the world’s first known genius.
he steeped pyramid in the center is the dominating factor. Although it is absolutely inspired by Mesopotamia, but it is not a ziggurat and it is a tomb, rather than a way to get closer to god, it is built for a god to rest in.
The pharaoh was buried 90 feet underneath it, highly decorated.
At the base of the pyramid there were 13 dummy chapels. They represented the 13 states of Egypt.
Funerary Complex of Pharaoh Djoser
Large Burial Place
2680-2630 BC
Architect: Imhotep
Patron: Djoser
Saqqara, Egypt
