Mid-term 1 Flashcards
Maximizing the certainty of goal achievement
Confidence
Minimizing the physical and mental energy costs of performance
Least Effort
Minimizing the time used
Fastest
3 Elements that are critical to any skill:
- Perceiving the relevant environment features
- Deciding what to do, where and when to do it
- Producing organized muscular activity to generate movements that achieve the goal
Is one for which the environment is variable and unpredictable during the action
ex. Playing football
Open Skill
Is one for which the environment is stable and predictable
ex. Archery
Closed Skill
Easily defined beginning and end, often with a very brief duration of movement
ex. Throwing a dart
Discrete Skill
Which is often thought of as a group of discrete skills strung together to make up a new, more complicated skilled action
ex. Gymnastics routine
Serial Skill
- No particular beginning or end, behavior flows on for many minutes
- Tracking in which the performers limb movements control a lever, a wheel, a handle, or some other device to follow the movements of some target tract
ex. Swimming
Continuous Skills
- Decide whether a stimulus has been presented and if so, what it is.
- Sensory stage, analyzing environmental info from a variety of sources such as vision, audition, touch, kinesthesis, and smell
Stimulus Identification
- This stage has the task of deciding what response to make, given the nature of the situation and environment
- requires a transition process between sensory input and movement output
Response Selection Stage
- Begins its processing upon receiving the decision about what movement to make as determined by the response selection stage
- before producing a movement, the system must ready the lower-level mechanisms in the brain stem and spinal cord
Movement Programming Stage
- Indicates the speed and effectiveness of decision making
- Period of time beginning when the stimulus is first presented and ends when the movement response starts
Reaction Time interval
Reaction Time + Movement Time =
Response Time
Is a measure of accumulated duration’s of the 3 sequential stages of processing
Response Time
Information-processing stages through which info must pass on the way from input to output
- Stimulus Identification Stage
- Response Selection
- Movement Programming
Performer must choose one response from a subset of possible predetermined movements
Choice Reaction Time
Time required to detect and recognize stimulus and select and initiate proper response
Reaction Time
One stimulus, One response
Simple Reaction Time
Increase in reaction time is large when the number of alternatives is increased from 1 to 2
Hick’s Law
Extent to which the stimulus and the response it evokes are connected in a natural way
Stimulus-Response Compatibility
Acting habitually due to specific cultural learning
Population Stereotypes
Two major factors affecting choice RT
- The nature or the amount of practice or both
2. Stimulus-response compatibility
Memory Systems
- Short term sensory store
- Short term memory
- Long term memory
