Mid-term 1

Question 1

Maximizing the certainty of goal achievement

Answer 1

Confidence

Question 2

Minimizing the physical and mental energy costs of performance

Answer 2

Least Effort

Question 3

Minimizing the time used

Answer 3

Fastest

Question 4

3 Elements that are critical to any skill:

Answer 4

1. Perceiving the relevant environment features
2. Deciding what to do, where and when to do it
3. Producing organized muscular activity to generate movements that achieve the goal

Question 5

Is one for which the environment is variable and unpredictable during the action
ex. Playing football

Answer 5

Open Skill

Question 6

Is one for which the environment is stable and predictable

ex. Archery

Answer 6

Closed Skill

Question 7

Easily defined beginning and end, often with a very brief duration of movement
ex. Throwing a dart

Answer 7

Discrete Skill

Question 8

Which is often thought of as a group of discrete skills strung together to make up a new, more complicated skilled action
ex. Gymnastics routine

Answer 8

Serial Skill

Question 9

• No particular beginning or end, behavior flows on for many minutes
• Tracking in which the performers limb movements control a lever, a wheel, a handle, or some other device to follow the movements of some target tract
  ex. Swimming

Answer 9

Continuous Skills

Question 10

• Decide whether a stimulus has been presented and if so, what it is.
• Sensory stage, analyzing environmental info from a variety of sources such as vision, audition, touch, kinesthesis, and smell

Answer 10

Stimulus Identification

Question 11

• This stage has the task of deciding what response to make, given the nature of the situation and environment
• requires a transition process between sensory input and movement output

Answer 11

Response Selection Stage

Question 12

• Begins its processing upon receiving the decision about what movement to make as determined by the response selection stage
• before producing a movement, the system must ready the lower-level mechanisms in the brain stem and spinal cord

Answer 12

Movement Programming Stage

Question 13

• Indicates the speed and effectiveness of decision making

- Period of time beginning when the stimulus is first presented and ends when the movement response starts

Answer 13

Reaction Time interval

Question 14

Reaction Time + Movement Time =

Answer 14

Response Time

Question 15

Is a measure of accumulated duration’s of the 3 sequential stages of processing

Answer 15

Response Time

Question 16

Information-processing stages through which info must pass on the way from input to output

Answer 16

1. Stimulus Identification Stage
2. Response Selection
3. Movement Programming

Question 17

Performer must choose one response from a subset of possible predetermined movements

Answer 17

Choice Reaction Time

Question 18

Time required to detect and recognize stimulus and select and initiate proper response

Answer 18

Reaction Time

Question 19

One stimulus, One response

Answer 19

Simple Reaction Time

Question 20

Increase in reaction time is large when the number of alternatives is increased from 1 to 2

Answer 20

Hick’s Law

Question 21

Extent to which the stimulus and the response it evokes are connected in a natural way

Answer 21

Stimulus-Response Compatibility

Question 22

Acting habitually due to specific cultural learning

Answer 22

Population Stereotypes

Question 23

Two major factors affecting choice RT

Answer 23

1. The nature or the amount of practice or both

2. Stimulus-response compatibility

Question 24

Memory Systems

Answer 24

1. Short term sensory store
2. Short term memory
3. Long term memory

Question 25

• Briefest memory
• Visual Info –> eyes
• Acoustic Info –> ears

Answer 25

Short term sensory store

Question 26

• Working Memory –> temporary holding place for info

Answer 26

Short Term Memory

Question 27

• contains very well learned info collected over a lifetime

Answer 27

Long Term Memory

Question 28

Info from different aspects of the visual display (colour and shape of objects) can be processed together without interference

Answer 28

Parallel Processing

Question 29

Respond as quickly as possible by naming color of in in which words are printed

Answer 29

Stroop Effect

Question 30

Number of factors are known to affect vigilance, or sustained attention; these include the operator’s motivation, arousal and course fatigue

Answer 30

Sustained Attention