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Horticulture > Mid Term 1 > Flashcards

Mid Term 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Study that refers to plants grown over larger areas with lower management intensity than garden plants.

A

Agronomy

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2
Q

Study that focuses on trees for building materials, pulp and paper.

A

Forestry

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3
Q

Field that encompasses both horticulture and agronomy

A

Agriculture

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4
Q

Subdivision of horticulture that involves the production and marketing of plants valued for their flowers.

A

Floriculture

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5
Q

Subdivision of horticulture that involves the production, marketing, and maintenance of plants used in designed and managed landscapes.

A

Landscape horticulture

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6
Q

Subdivision of horticulture involved in the production and marketing of plants or plant parts for culinary use as vegetables

A

Olericulture

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7
Q

Pomology

A

Production and marketing of plants or plant parts for their culinary use as fruits

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8
Q

Practices that maintain the quality and prevent spoilage of harvested horticultural plants or plant parts during storage and transportation.

A

Post harvest management

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9
Q

Subdivision of horticulture interested in Developing new cultivated varieties (cultivars) of plants for production

A

Breeding and genetics

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10
Q

Refers to plant multiplication, or the making of many plants from just a few

A

Plant propagation

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11
Q

Causing new plants to Alice from plant parts like leaves, stems, roots or storage organs

A

Asexual reproduction

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12
Q

Making new plants from spores or seeds

A

Sexual reproduction

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13
Q

Part of plant above the soil (with a few exceptions)

A

Shoot

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14
Q

Central axis of the shoot

A

Stem

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15
Q

A place where something happens on the shoot

A

Node

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16
Q

What are the 3 components of a stem?

A
  1. Branches
  2. Leaves
  3. Inflorescences
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17
Q

What is the distinguishing feature of a stem?

A

The repeated node, internode, node, internode structure

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18
Q

The tip of the stem

A

Apex

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19
Q

The name for the bud at the tip of the stem

A

Apical meristem or apical bud

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20
Q

The “crotch” formed between the leaf petiole and the stem or branch

A

Leaf axil

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21
Q

Buds formed in the “crotch” of a stem and leaf petiole

A

Axillary buds or axillary meristems

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22
Q

Branches from nodes on the stem that are very close to of right at the soul surface. These branches have long internodes and lie on the surface of the soul. At the nodes of this, adventitious roots form

A

Stolon

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23
Q

Type of stem tissue that originates from a node(typically below the surface of the soil) it grows horizontally and has nodes and internodes, but it is underground

A

Rhizome

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24
Q

Part of plant that does not have node/internode structure

A

Root

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25
Q

What are the 4 functions of roots?

A
  1. Nutrient absorption
  2. Anchor plant to soil
  3. Hold soil in place (reduces erosion)
  4. Maintain leverage for plants to grow upright
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26
Q

Organism that has a symbiotic relationship with roots, that results in nitrogen fixation and supply to the plant.

A

Rhizobia bacteria

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27
Q

Organism that has a symbiotic relationship with plant roots that helps the plant acquire phosphorous by making it accessible to the plants root system

A

Mycorrhizal Fungi

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28
Q

The section of the embryo that is not root tissue

A

Radicle

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29
Q

Region of rapid cell division located at the tip of the radicle

A

Apical meristem

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30
Q

The root that forms from the embryonic radicle

A

Primary root

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31
Q

The embryonic form of the shoot

A

Plumule

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32
Q

Type of root system that includes a strong primary root, that grows downward into the soil. Later secondary and tertiary branches branch off in irregular patterns

A

Tap root system

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33
Q

Type of root system that is formed by thin moderately branching roots that grow from the stem. It usually occurs in monocotyledonous plants and ferns.

A

Fibrous root system

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34
Q

Roots That emerge from the region just above where the main stem stops and the root begins

A

Basal roots

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35
Q

Roots that emerge above basal roots

A

Hypocotyl roots

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36
Q

Extensions of the epidermis of young roots, they live for a few weeks, deteriorate, and are replaced by new cells

A

Root hairs

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37
Q

Process where water finally evaporates from the surface of plant leaves

A

Transpiration

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38
Q

Plants which tend to have flat leaves, die and reproduce

A

Angiosperms

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39
Q

Vein structure of a leaf in which veins are parallel to each other, and to the long edges of the leaf

A

Parallel

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40
Q

Leaf vein structure in which veins branch off each other

A

Netted

41
Q

Produced without the protection of an ovary, they have needle like leaves, and they hold onto their leaves for multiple years, they usually maintain moisture in rough environments

A

Gymnosperms

42
Q

Type of leaf with uninterrupted blade margin, it is continuous

A

Simple leaf

43
Q

Vein structure where veins originate from the point of attachment

A

Palmate

44
Q

Vein structure where veins originate from a central stem going down the leaf

A

Pinnate

45
Q

Type of leaf structure where a blade is completely interrupted and segmented into separate leaflets

A

Compound leaf

46
Q

Point of attachment of leaflet to the petiole or rachis

A

Petiolule

47
Q

Region of the petiole where leaflets are attached

A

Rachis

48
Q

Plant in which an apical meristem transforms itself into a reproductive meristem

A

Determinate growth

49
Q

Plant in which the apical meristem remains a vegetative meristem that is capable of forming new nodes and internodes throughout the season

A

Intermediate growth pattern

50
Q

Inflorescences that only support one flower

A

Solitary flower inflorescence

51
Q

Point where the branches of the inflorescence begin

A

Peduncle

52
Q

The central axis of the inflorescence, the starting point where the first pedicel or petiole is attached

A

Rachis

53
Q

An herbaceous plant where the underground plant part has been modified to store carbohydrates, nutrients and water

A

Geophyte

54
Q

Modified form of shoot that is composed of a leaf and stem. The compressed stem is called the basal plate, and it includes modified leaves called scales

A

Bulb

55
Q

Modified shoot, that includes a basal plate(modified stem), and storage within the stem itself, it is a solid mass rather than layers of scales

A

Corm

56
Q

A thickened enlarged underground stem typically produced from the swelling of a Stolon or rhizome

A

Tuber

57
Q

Horizontally growing underground stem that arises from nodes at or below the soil surface. These underground stems store nutrients and swell a bit.

A

Fleshy Rhizome

58
Q

Modified root that contains enlarged fleshy Portions of root tissue

A

Tuberous roots

59
Q

Modified root that includes a swollen primary root as the storage organ

A

Tap root

60
Q

Enlarged portion of the stem below the attachment point for cotyledons

A

Enlarged hypocotyls

61
Q

Enlarged part of leaf that attaches to the stem

A

Enlarged petiole

62
Q

Type of experiment used in educational settings to show relationships that have already been discovered by others

A

Demonstration experiments

63
Q

Type of experiment that assists us in making decisions, it decides a winner from a number of contestants, it’s used in horticulture to identify the best cultivar

A

Evaluation experiments

64
Q

Experiment performed by scientists who specialize in the cataloging of nature. They can recognize relationships between different species and habitats

A

Exploration experiments

65
Q

Experiments essential to the scientific method. Experiments that draw new conclusions. It involves hypothesis building and testing.

A

Discovery experiments

66
Q

Structure that covers the tip of the root and provides protection as the root drives into the soil.

A

Root cap

67
Q

Region behind the root cap where cells divide rapidly to form new cells

A

Root apical meristem

68
Q

Region where cells previously produced by the root apical meristem undergo rapid elongation, meaning they expand in light and volume

A

Zone of elongation

69
Q

New cells laid down toward the exterior of the root that will eventually a come dermal tissue when they mature

A

Protoderm

70
Q

New cells locates in the dental part of the root, that will mature to become vascular tissue

A

Procambium

71
Q

Cells that lie between the Protoderm and the Procambium that mature to become cortex tissue

A

Ground meristem

72
Q

Region where the root becomes thicker and secondary or lateral roots are initiated. In this region cells undergo differentiation info specialized cells

A

Region of differentiation

73
Q

A one cell thick layer of cells surrounding the root, or stem.

A

Epidermis

74
Q

Cells inside of the epidermis, that allows water to diffuse, stores food starch and facilitates movement of water from the cortex to the xylem

A

Cortex

75
Q

Innermost cells of the cortex, that contain a thick band of Suberin, that wraps around each cell

A

Endodermis

76
Q

Name for the thick band of Suberin that surrounds each cell of the endodermis

A

Casparian strip

77
Q

Thick outed covering for cell that contains high amounts of cellulose

A

Cell wall

78
Q

Barrier made of lipids, proteins and water, that is selectively permeable

A

Cell membrane

79
Q

Fluid inside of the cell that holds things in place

A

Cytoplasm or protoplasm

80
Q

Organelle that captures light energy and stores it

A

Chloroplasts

81
Q

Organelle that holds chromosomes which are the genetic/ hereditary material

A

Nucleus

82
Q

Organelle used as a dumping ground for wastes and storage. But it can also be used to store starch

A

Vacuole

83
Q

Cements two cells together, it contains calcium pectate which provides strength, and acts like mortar which holds bricks together

A

Middle lamella

84
Q

Group of cells that share a function. The cells may differ but they all contribute to a particular function.

A

Tissue

85
Q

Type of dermal tissue tissue that contains cutin when it’s on the shoot

A

Epidermis

86
Q

Dermal tissue cells that open door gas exchange, it opens when the plant has enough water, and closes when it doesn’t

A

Guard cells

87
Q

Cells that emerge to form hairs on the surface of the shoot

A

Trichomes

88
Q

Type of cortex cell that is the most common, it is undifferentiated and can form callus tissue, adventurous root tissue, or be used to heal wounds on a plant

A

Parenchyma

89
Q

Type of cortex tissue that provides structural support, but is still somewhat flexible, and can respond to external stimuli (such as making the plant more rigid if it’s windy)

A

Collenchyma

90
Q

Cortex tissue that is dead at maturity and has two cell walls. If can be a sclerid or fiber form

A

Schlerenchyma

91
Q

Tissues that form the plumbing system through which water, nutrients and compounds flow. These plumbing pipes and associated cells are bundled together in the plant in a structure called the vascular bundle.

A

Vascular tissue

92
Q

Elongated cells that help make up xylem tissue, they connect end to end to form tubes, they are large in diameter and perforated at the end walls, the water in these cells flows unidirectionally

A

Vessels

93
Q

Vascular tissue that is dead and moves water throughout the plant

A

Xylem

94
Q

Tracheids

A

Elongated xylem tissue, that is narrower than vessels. They connect by overlapping at ends, and contain pits through which water can move

95
Q

Schlerenchyma cells that lay near vessels, so they are considered part of the vascular bundle, they only provide support for the vascular bundles

A

Xylem fibers

96
Q

Xylem cells that exists in woody plants that support the vascular bundle tissue

A

Xylem parenchyma

97
Q

Vascular tissue that moves nutrients taken up by the roots to other parts of the plant

A

Phloem

98
Q

Type of vascular tissue is a meristem if region, where new vascular tissues originate in plants with secondary growth, like trees

A

Vascular cambium

99
Q

Study of growing domesticated plants in a smaller area, like a garden.

A

Horticulture

Horticulture (2 decks)

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