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Bio 110 Lecturr > Mid Term 1 > Flashcards

Mid Term 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is a covalent bond?

A

Electrons shared between atoms

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2
Q

How is a covalent bond different from a polar covalent bond?

A

A covalent bond equally shares electrons. A polar covalent bond unequally shares electrons.

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3
Q

What is an atom?

A

A particle of matter, that uniquely defines a chemical element

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4
Q

What is an electron?

A

Negatively charged found outside the nucleus

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5
Q

What is a proton?

A

Positive positively charged found inside nucleus

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6
Q

What is a neutron?

A

No charge found inside nucleus

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7
Q

How is an element different from a molecule?

A

Elements are always only made up of one type of atom, but molecules can be made up of one or more different atoms

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8
Q

What is a compound molecule?

A

Made up of one or more different elements

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9
Q

Why are there science theories

A

To incorporate new fax into existing theories to refine them

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10
Q

Why is structured determines function important in molecular biology?

A

How something is arranged, allows it to perform a specific job

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11
Q

What is an ionic bond?

A

Attraction of opposite charges

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12
Q

What is a hydrogen bond? What do they form between?

A

An attraction between two atoms that already participate in other bonds. They form between hydrogen and a highly electronegative atom.

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13
Q

What is hydrophilic or polar or charged molecules?

A

Water, loving, polar charged

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14
Q

What is a polar covalent bond? How is it different from a regular covalent bond?

A

Covalent bonds equally electrons polar covalent bonds unequally share electrons

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15
Q

What is hydrophobic or nonpolar or uncharged molecules?

A

Uncharged, non-polar water, fearing

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16
Q

What is an amphipathic molecule? Give to examples

A

Hydrophobic and hydrophilic on the same molecule example one soap, example to detergent

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17
Q

What is a monosaccharide?

A

One sugar

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18
Q

What is a disaccharide?

A

Two sugar

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19
Q

What is a polysaccharide?

A

Many sugar 

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20
Q

How are saturated fats different from unsaturated fats?

A

Saturated fats have no double bonds, unsaturated fats have at least one double bond

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21
Q

Why is butter solid at room temperature?

A

Because it’s made of mostly saturated fat

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22
Q

Why is olive oil liquid at room temperature?

A

Because it’s mostly made of unsaturated fat

23
Q

What is primary structure of a protein?

A

The order of amino acids from first to last

24
Q

What is secondary structure of a protein?

A

Alpha, helix, or beta pleated sheet, or a combo of both

25
Q

What is tertiary structure in a protein?

A

The final folded form of a protein

26
Q

What are enzymes?

A

Catalytic. they do work

27
Q

What are several functions of proteins?

A

structural support, catalysts, building blocks

28
Q

What happens when a protein is denatured?

A

Lost correct folding

29
Q

What are amino acids?

A

Molecules that combine to form proteins

30
Q

What part of amino acid controls how it interacts with other molecules

A

The side chain

31
Q

What is an enzyme? What enters an enzyme? What leaves an enzyme?

A

Catalysts/they do work. Substrates enter an enzyme. products leave an enzyme.

32
Q

What is an active site? What goes on into one? What comes out?

A

An active site is part of an enzyme more substrates enter in products leave

33
Q

What are the four bases of DNA

A

A, T, C, G

34
Q

What are the four bases of RNA?

A

A, U, C, G

35
Q

Which bases bind to which in DNA and RNA

A

DNA: A-T, C-G
RNA: A-U, C-G

36
Q

What is the general shape of DNA? And RNA? 

A

DNA is double stranded. RNA single-stranded.

37
Q

What does DNA stand for? RNA?

A

DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid. RNA stands for Ribo nucleic acid.

38
Q

What is the backbone of DNA made of?

A

Sugar, phosphate

39
Q

What is the sugar in DNA? RNA?

A

DNA = deoxy ribose
RNA= ribose

40
Q

What is transcription?

A

DNA to RNA

41
Q

What is translation?

A

RNA to protein

42
Q

What is a codon?

A

Three bases in a row in RNA or DNA

43
Q

What is TRNA?

A

Transfer RNA – brings amino acid subunits to ribosomes

44
Q

What is rRNA?

A

Ribosomal RNA – primary component of ribosomes. Non-coding.

45
Q

What is MRNA?

A

Messenger, RNA- the blueprints for translation

46
Q

What is a ribosome?

A

Inter cellular structure made up of both RNA and protein

47
Q

What is a mutation?

A

A change in regular DNA sequence

48
Q

What does a ribosome do?

A

Protein synthesis 

49
Q

What is aerobic?

A

With oxygen

50
Q

What is anaerobic?

A

Without oxygen

51
Q

What are catabolic reactions?

A

Breaking pathways – makes energy

52
Q

What are anabolic reactions?

A

Making pathways – taking energy

53
Q

What is an anticodon?

A

Correspondence to Codon in RNA

Bio 110 Lecturr (1 decks)

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