mid term 1 Flashcards
how many alter egos are there
second, third and forth self
self knowledge can be acquired by?
introspection
what did dan mcadams talk about
he says that we are telling a story about ourselves as we live our lives
are other people a good source of knowledge about ourselves
yes
what is a self schema?
refers to a long lasting and stable set of memories that summarise a persons beliefs, experiences and generalisations about the self, in specific behavioural domains
people can hold self schemas about
physical characteristics
interests
personality traits
behaviours
what are the origins of sense of self?
family and other socialising agents
situationism
culture
gender
social comparisons
what are reflected self appraisals?
a belief about what others think of ones self
what are the two types of cultures?
independent and interdependent
what Is the spotlight affect?
the belief that others are paying more attention to ones appearance and behaviour than they really are
what is illusion of transparency?
illusion that our concealed emotions leak out and can be easily read by others
what is self esteem ?
the overall positive or negative evaluation an individual has of themselves.
what are the types of self esteem?
trait self esteem: a persons enduring level of self regard across time
state self esteem: refers to the dynamic, changeable self evaluations a person experiences as momentary feelings about the self
dark side of self esteem?
narcissism
what are the self enhancement strategies?
- better than average effect/ illusory superiority
- self affirmation
- self verification
what is self efficacy?
a persons particular set of beliefs that determine how well one can execute a plan of action in prospective situations
what is learned helplessness?
the sense of hopelessness and resignation learned when a person perceives no control over repeated bad events
what is locus of control?
the extent to which people perceive outcomes as internally controllable by their own efforts or as externally controlled by chance or outside forces
1.internal
2.external
what is self serving bias?
any cognitive process that is distorted by the need to maintain and enhance self esteem
what is self handicapping?
protecting ones self image with behaviours that create a handy excuse for later failure
what influences our social judgement ?
- available information
- how information is presented
- how we seek information
how do we receive information about the world?
firsthand and secondhand
what is pluralistic ignorance?
situation in which a majority of group members privately reject a norm, but incorrectly assume that most others accept it and therefore go along with it
what is self fulfilling prophecy?
the tendency for people to act in ways that bring about the very thing they expect to happen
what are order effects?
- primary effect: the greater influence on judgement by information presented first in a body of evidence
- recency effect: the greater influence on judgement by information presented last in a body of evidence
what are framing effects?
the influence on judgement resulting from the way information is presented
- attribute: highlighting something as positive or negative
- temporal: we think about actions and events within a particular time perspective
when an event is close at Hand we think about it in narrower more concrete terms, what is this phenomenon called?
construal level theory
what is priming?
it is an unconscious form of human memory which is concerned with activating particular associations or connections in mind
positive prime words
negative prime words
what are heuristics?
simple, efficient rules which people often use to form judgements and make decisions
two types
1. availability
2. representativeness
