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Cultural Anthropology > Mid Term 1 > Flashcards

Mid Term 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Natural History

A

Study of organisms in their natural environment.

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2
Q

Archaeology

A

1/4 sub fields. Study of human history and pre history through remains and artifacts.

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3
Q

Biological anthropology

A

1/4 sub field. Study of biological and behavioral aspects of humans, pre humans and pre historic relatives.

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4
Q

Linguistics

A

1/4 sub field. The study of languages affects of social life and structure.

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5
Q

Cultural anthropology

A

1/4 sub field. Study of cultural variation between humans.

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6
Q

Holism

A

Mind, body, individuals, society, and the environment define one another.

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7
Q

Culture

A

Shared patterns of learned behavior and ideas that people acquire as members of society. Humans use culture to adapt and transform the world in which they live.

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8
Q

Ethnocentrism

A

Judging another culture by your own values. Assumption your group is superior.

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9
Q

Cultural relativism

A

Idea where a persons beliefs and practices should be understood based on that persons own culture.

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10
Q

Nacirema

A

American. A piece of which American culture is viewed from an outside perspective. Written by Horace Miner in 1956.

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11
Q

Fieldwork

A

Observation, descriptions, and empirical data that is obtained within the field of study.

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12
Q

Armchair anthropology

A

Hands off approach to a cultural study. Leads to inaccurate assessments.

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13
Q

Participant observation

A

Technique where an anthropologist will gain entrance to a foreign culture to attain understanding.

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14
Q

The imponderabilia of actual life

A

All the factors of life that can’t be seen second hand. Such as daily or private activities.

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15
Q

Cultural evolutionism

A

Culture is a linear progression from primitive to advanced. Causes a superiority of cultures.

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16
Q

Structural functionalism

A

1930’s & 40’s. Alfred Radcliffe-Brown & EE Evans-Pritchard.
Focused on structure and function of practices along with rules.

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17
Q

Culture area studies

A

A large area of fieldwork where traits and societies are similar.

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18
Q

Interpretive or symbolic anthropology

A

1970’s. Clifford Geertz, Victor Turner.
Interested in not just social systems but social meaning. Culture is a system of symbols and can be individually interpreted.

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19
Q

Writing against culture/ neomodern anthropology

A

Not all practices are functional
Culture is not static
Culture is not just shared but rather is contested.
Social groups are not bounded
Culture is power laden

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20
Q

EB Tylor

A

Cultural Evolutionist
1832-1917
Author of primitive culture

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21
Q

EE Evans-Pritchard

A

Structural-Functionalism
Function of magic and how it is used as a source to maintain power.

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22
Q

Bronislaw Malinowski

A

Introduced modern day fieldwork
Conducted research in and the islands off of Australia
1884-1942

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23
Q

Franz Boas

A

Father of anthropology
Cultural relativism

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24
Q

Margaret Mead

A

You can love a lot of people

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25
Clifford Geertz
Interpretive Anthropologist Thick methodology Twitch v wink
26
Lila Abu-Lughod
1990’s Conducted research in a beduin tribe in Egypt Against interpretive anthropology
27
Thick description
Describes context to behaviors
28
Capitalism
Production of goods and services are freely exchanged
29
Colonialism
To acquire political control with occupation
30
Scramble for Africa
Period of European colonization Anthropologists and colonial government were wary of each other
31
Indirect rule
Proxy government Native people retain some power
32
Positivism
Produce objective and empirical knowledge Neutral and scientific perspective
33
Empiricist
Importance of sensory experience and empirical evidence
34
Ideology
Collection of beliefs held by a group Set of ideas brought by dominant class
35
Discourse
What people say Often ideological
36
Practice
What people say and do
37
Paradigms
Changes in definition over time Context in which definitions emerge How these definitions shape data collection
38
Objective
Produce knowledge about reality that is true for all people in all time and places
39
Reflexivity
Researchers awareness of the affect they have on their data and study How they affect the peoples actions they are with
40
Intersubjectivity
Putting the anthropologists in the communities shoes Live how the people live
41
Situated knowledge
Understanding the view of others as it all stems from somewhere
42
Dialectic of fieldwork
Building a bridge between anthropologists and informants
43
Bedouin
Arab nomad
44
Awlad ‘Ali
Bedouin tribe lughod conducted research in
45
Ethics of fieldwork
To be considerate to the people being studied with consent
46
Human terrain system project
US government project to collect data from Afghans as a form of intelligence. Anthropologists did not like this.
47
Cannibalism
People eat people Not always bad stereotype
48
Medical cannibalism
Consumption of flesh to treat medical ailments
49
Endocannibalism
Earthing someone from the same community
50
Exocannibalism
Eating someone that is not in your community
51
Wari’
Western Brazilian tribe that consumed their dead as a form of respect
52
Virgin soil epidemics
Europeans bringing disease to the americas and wiping out a lot of people
53
Ritual
Repetitive social practice Dance, song , speech , gesture, or manipulation of objects
54
Rite of passage
A ritual that is done to join a community
55
Separation
Separation from social community
56
Liminal phase
Where the person finds a meaning or a change of view of the world
57
Reaggregation
Reintroduced into community n a new role
58
Electronic fetal monitoring
Keeps track of fetal heart rate
59
Parental massage/ sobada
Midwife massage and manipulates uterus and determines where the fetuses head is and the due date
60
Medicalization
Everything can be treated Form of social control expanding domain of medical authority
61
Sick role
Wari move and speaks very little
62
Yucatán
Home birth Midwives Seen as a natural process Family helps birthing process No male physician
63
Holland
50ish% of births are home births by highly trained midwives No medication Can abort pregnancy whenever during course of birth
64
Sweden
50ish% are at home births with highly trained midwives Medication is used Can be aborted
65
US
Majority are hospitalized Medical decisions are in the hands of personnel and not the mother

Cultural Anthropology (1 decks)

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