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Cultural Anthropology > Mid Term 1 > Flashcards

Mid Term 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Natural History

A

Study of organisms in their natural environment.

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2
Q

Archaeology

A

1/4 sub fields. Study of human history and pre history through remains and artifacts.

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3
Q

Biological anthropology

A

1/4 sub field. Study of biological and behavioral aspects of humans, pre humans and pre historic relatives.

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4
Q

Linguistics

A

1/4 sub field. The study of languages affects of social life and structure.

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5
Q

Cultural anthropology

A

1/4 sub field. Study of cultural variation between humans.

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6
Q

Holism

A

Mind, body, individuals, society, and the environment define one another.

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7
Q

Culture

A

Shared patterns of learned behavior and ideas that people acquire as members of society. Humans use culture to adapt and transform the world in which they live.

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8
Q

Ethnocentrism

A

Judging another culture by your own values. Assumption your group is superior.

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9
Q

Cultural relativism

A

Idea where a persons beliefs and practices should be understood based on that persons own culture.

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10
Q

Nacirema

A

American. A piece of which American culture is viewed from an outside perspective. Written by Horace Miner in 1956.

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11
Q

Fieldwork

A

Observation, descriptions, and empirical data that is obtained within the field of study.

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12
Q

Armchair anthropology

A

Hands off approach to a cultural study. Leads to inaccurate assessments.

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13
Q

Participant observation

A

Technique where an anthropologist will gain entrance to a foreign culture to attain understanding.

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14
Q

The imponderabilia of actual life

A

All the factors of life that can’t be seen second hand. Such as daily or private activities.

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15
Q

Cultural evolutionism

A

Culture is a linear progression from primitive to advanced. Causes a superiority of cultures.

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16
Q

Structural functionalism

A

1930’s & 40’s. Alfred Radcliffe-Brown & EE Evans-Pritchard.
Focused on structure and function of practices along with rules.

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17
Q

Culture area studies

A

A large area of fieldwork where traits and societies are similar.

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18
Q

Interpretive or symbolic anthropology

A

1970’s. Clifford Geertz, Victor Turner.
Interested in not just social systems but social meaning. Culture is a system of symbols and can be individually interpreted.

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19
Q

Writing against culture/ neomodern anthropology

A

Not all practices are functional
Culture is not static
Culture is not just shared but rather is contested.
Social groups are not bounded
Culture is power laden

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20
Q

EB Tylor

A

Cultural Evolutionist
1832-1917
Author of primitive culture

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21
Q

EE Evans-Pritchard

A

Structural-Functionalism
Function of magic and how it is used as a source to maintain power.

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22
Q

Bronislaw Malinowski

A

Introduced modern day fieldwork
Conducted research in and the islands off of Australia
1884-1942

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23
Q

Franz Boas

A

Father of anthropology
Cultural relativism

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24
Q

Margaret Mead

A

You can love a lot of people

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25
Q

Clifford Geertz

A

Interpretive Anthropologist
Thick methodology
Twitch v wink

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26
Q

Lila Abu-Lughod

A

1990’s
Conducted research in a beduin tribe in Egypt
Against interpretive anthropology

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27
Q

Thick description

A

Describes context to behaviors

28
Q

Capitalism

A

Production of goods and services are freely exchanged

29
Q

Colonialism

A

To acquire political control with occupation

30
Q

Scramble for Africa

A

Period of European colonization
Anthropologists and colonial government were wary of each other

31
Q

Indirect rule

A

Proxy government
Native people retain some power

32
Q

Positivism

A

Produce objective and empirical knowledge
Neutral and scientific perspective

33
Q

Empiricist

A

Importance of sensory experience and empirical evidence

34
Q

Ideology

A

Collection of beliefs held by a group
Set of ideas brought by dominant class

35
Q

Discourse

A

What people say
Often ideological

36
Q

Practice

A

What people say and do

37
Q

Paradigms

A

Changes in definition over time
Context in which definitions emerge
How these definitions shape data collection

38
Q

Objective

A

Produce knowledge about reality that is true for all people in all time and places

39
Q

Reflexivity

A

Researchers awareness of the affect they have on their data and study
How they affect the peoples actions they are with

40
Q

Intersubjectivity

A

Putting the anthropologists in the communities shoes
Live how the people live

41
Q

Situated knowledge

A

Understanding the view of others as it all stems from somewhere

42
Q

Dialectic of fieldwork

A

Building a bridge between anthropologists and informants

43
Q

Bedouin

A

Arab nomad

44
Q

Awlad ‘Ali

A

Bedouin tribe lughod conducted research in

45
Q

Ethics of fieldwork

A

To be considerate to the people being studied with consent

46
Q

Human terrain system project

A

US government project to collect data from Afghans as a form of intelligence.
Anthropologists did not like this.

47
Q

Cannibalism

A

People eat people
Not always bad stereotype

48
Q

Medical cannibalism

A

Consumption of flesh to treat medical ailments

49
Q

Endocannibalism

A

Earthing someone from the same community

50
Q

Exocannibalism

A

Eating someone that is not in your community

51
Q

Wari’

A

Western Brazilian tribe that consumed their dead as a form of respect

52
Q

Virgin soil epidemics

A

Europeans bringing disease to the americas and wiping out a lot of people

53
Q

Ritual

A

Repetitive social practice
Dance, song , speech , gesture, or manipulation of objects

54
Q

Rite of passage

A

A ritual that is done to join a community

55
Q

Separation

A

Separation from social community

56
Q

Liminal phase

A

Where the person finds a meaning or a change of view of the world

57
Q

Reaggregation

A

Reintroduced into community n a new role

58
Q

Electronic fetal monitoring

A

Keeps track of fetal heart rate

59
Q

Parental massage/ sobada

A

Midwife massage and manipulates uterus and determines where the fetuses head is and the due date

60
Q

Medicalization

A

Everything can be treated
Form of social control expanding domain of medical authority

61
Q

Sick role

A

Wari move and speaks very little

62
Q

Yucatán

A

Home birth
Midwives
Seen as a natural process
Family helps birthing process
No male physician

63
Q

Holland

A

50ish% of births are home births by highly trained midwives
No medication
Can abort pregnancy whenever during course of birth

64
Q

Sweden

A

50ish% are at home births with highly trained midwives
Medication is used
Can be aborted

65
Q

US

A

Majority are hospitalized
Medical decisions are in the hands of personnel and not the mother

Cultural Anthropology (1 decks)

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