Mid-sem test 1: A2 Flashcards
If there is a high AST/ALT ratio compared to ALP/GGT, is this indicative of cholestasis or cirrhosis?
Cirrhosis
What are the key diagnostic markers that are indicative of cirrhosis?
elevated liver enzymes AST/ALT Decreased total protein, albumin and cholesterol Increased globulin Prolonged prothrombin time Bilirubin metabolism abnormalities
If there is a high ALP/GGT ratio compared to AST/GGT, is this indicative of cholestasis or cirrhosis?
Cholestasis
What are the key diagnostic markers that are indicative of cholestasis?
elevated liver enzymes ALP/GGT increased bilirubin and amylase in serum
In what cell do we measure the synthetic function of the liver?
Hepatocyte cells
What diagnostic tests would need to be done to test protein synthetic function?
PTT, albumin, total protein
Why is serum albumin concentration low when the liver is not synthesising properly
It is low because the liver is not synthesising protein and therefore not functioning properly.
Why is PTT used as a diagnosis for testing protein synthetic function?
PTT is done because it tests for clotting factor disorders. When the liver is not functioning properly there will be a decrease in the production of clotting factors.
What is PBC?
PBC stands for Primary Biliary Cirrhosis. It is an autoimmune disease where there is inflammation and scarring of the bile ducts which eventually become blocked and cause scarring of the liver. It ultimately leads to liver failure.
What diagnostic tests are usually done for suspected PBC?
AMA IgM Liver biopsy
What diagnostic test results indicate that an individual has PBC?
AMA titer 1:80 or greater IgM is 1.5 times greater than the upper limits of normal
What is coeliac disease?
It is an immune-mediated enteropathy caused by a permanent insensitivity to gluten in genetically susceptible individuals.
What serological tests determine if an individual has coeliac disease?
AGA, EMA, tTG and HLA typing Antigliadin antibodies (AGA)* • *Antiendomysial antibodies (EMA) • *Anti tissue transglutaminase antibodies (TTG) – first generation (guinea pig protein) – second generation (human recombinant) • HLA typing
What serological markers used in Hepatitis B testing?
The lab tests for: • HBsAg (Hepatitis B surface Antigen) • HBeAg (Hepatitis B e-Antigen) • HBsAB(Anti-HBS/Hepatitis B surface Antibody) • Hb core Antibody two versions IgM and IgG (IgM anti-HBc or IgG anti-HBc)
Does HBsAg present in the acute or chronic phase of viral infection?
Acute and chronic
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