Mid Exam Topics

Question 1

Thallophyte

Answer 1

They are singled celled, lower plants, and don’t have roots, stems, or leaves. They fix nitrogen and cause disease. Ex. bacteria, algae, fungi

Question 2

Bryophte

Answer 2

They are small green plants that grow on wet places. They have stems and leaves. Ex. mosses,
liverworth, hornworth.

Question 3

Pteridophyta

Answer 3

They don’t have flower and seeds but reproduce by spores. They don’t have agronomic importance except as ornamentals.

Question 4

Spermatophyte

Answer 4

They are highly developed plants. They have leaves, stems, roots as well as having
flowers. All have agronomic importance.

Question 5

Gymnosperm

Answer 5

Seeds that are not covered e.g. pine

Question 6

Angiosperm

Answer 6

Seeds which are covered in ovary

Question 7

Monocotyledon

Answer 7

Single cotyledon
Narrow or needle like leaves
multiples of 3 pedals
Fibrous roots
Ex. Maize, wheat

Question 8

Dicotyledon

Answer 8

Two cotyledons
Broad or web like leaves
Multiples of 4-5 pedals
Tap root
Ex. Grain,pea

Question 9

Variety

Answer 9

The grouping of similar plant species that can be distinguished by characters or name from the variation from the species, but keeping the same characteristics in seeds.

Question 10

Cultivar

Answer 10

Cultivated plants which are clearly distinguished by certain characteristics. They can be reproduced both asexually and sexually but still have distinguishing characters. Cultivars cannot be reproduced the same, to get the same characteristics vegetation is needed.

Question 11

Species

Answer 11

The classes of plants that have the same characteristics and are able to breed together.

Question 12

Open pollinated

Answer 12

Seeds that are true bred. When the plant of open pollinated variety is pollinated, the seed will produce identical to the parent. (The seeds come from nature which creates “true” seeds from related parent plants of the same species. They can be pollinated by birds insects and wind.

Question 13

What is Agronomic Classification?

Answer 13

This type of classification of plants identifies a plant’s agricultural use, is an economic value and not an attempt to classify plants in a precise scientific way. This system of classification of plant species’ is based on how a crop will be used.

Question 14

Cereal/Grain crops

Answer 14

Cereal is generally defined as a grass grown for its edible seeds. These groups belong to the grass family. They include wheat, rice, rye, sorghum, barley, oats and maize, which are the major cereals. Cereals are among the world leading food and feed crops.

Question 15

Forage Crops

Answer 15

These crops are grown as feed for herbivores. They are feed to the animals either fresh or in dried form, such as hay and silage

Question 16

Fodder Crops

Answer 16

wheat, maize or other coarse grasses are harvested and cured for animal feed

Question 17

Silage Crops

Answer 17

Silage is essentially “pickled pasture,” or fodder that’s been fermented to feed cattle or sheep during dry seasons. Grasses or other crops, such as rye or maize, are cut, fermented and compressed until they’re ready to be fed to the livestock.

Question 18

Soilage Crops

Answer 18

a crop cut green and fed to livestock immediately without further curing or processing.

Question 19

Fiber Crops

Answer 19

crops grown for fiber like, cotton

Question 20

Sugar Crops

Answer 20

Crops grown for the sugar extracted from the different part of the plant. Ex. sugar cane, sugar beet sweet sorghum, sweet potato

Question 21

Oil Seed Crops

Answer 21

Crops grown for their edible oils extracted from the seeds such as groundnuts, soybeans, sesame, sunflowers,

Question 22

Pluses or grain legumes Crops

Answer 22

Legumes are cultivated for their mature seeds for human consumption are called pulses or grain legumes. Legume family may be annuals, biennials or perennials, leaves are alternate on the stem and have tap root systems. They include cowpeas, soybeans, groundnuts

Question 23

Root and Tuber crops

Answer 23

Vegetable crops grown from underground such as potato, carrot onion

Question 24

Drug Crops

Answer 24

Crops used for their stimulating effect or for medicine. An example is Tabacco

Question 25

Vegetable Crops

Answer 25

Any horticultural crops grown intensively on the field in small-scale for their edible vegetative or reproductive parts like cauliflower, lettuce, okra

Question 26

Condiment Crops

Answer 26

Edible materials from plants used in small amounts to impart flavor to food. Ex. coriander, chili and mint.

Question 27

What are Special Purpose classification

Answer 27

Various crops that are grown with a special purpose under certain circumstances. As these crops have to serve a special purpose, so they are termed as special purpose crops. These special purpose crops have great importance in agriculture not only because they provide food for consumption to both humans and livestock, but also, they help farmers to safeguard their economic benefits.

Question 28

Green Manure Crops

Answer 28

Crop which are grown to be plowed under or into the soil to increase its productivity. The plant material can come from a crop that was grown after or between the main crops, or from a weed that grew during a fallow period. It can also come from a shade plant or tree whose cuttings or fallen leaves are suitable for ploughing into the soil.

Question 29

Silage Crops (special purpose)

Answer 29

Silage crops are cut, and preserved in succulent condition. It is achieved by partial fermentation. E.g. oat, maize, soybean, sorghum

Question 30

Soilage Crops (speical purpose)

Answer 30

It is harvested when still green and succulent and are directly fed to animals without curing

Question 31

Relay Crops

Answer 31

a method of multiple cropping where one crop is seeded into standing second crop well before harvesting of second crop

Question 32

What is cropping pattern?

Answer 32

Cropping pattern refers to the proportion of land under cultivation of different crops at different points of time. This indicates the time and arrangement of crops in a particular land area. Any change in the cropping pattern would cause:

Question 33

Monocropping

Answer 33

Growing one crops again and again in a particular area

Question 34

Mixed cropping

Answer 34

When two or more crops are grown on the same land simultaneously, it is known as mixed cropping. For eg., growing wheat and gram on the same land at the same time. This practice minimizes the risk of failure of one of the crops and insures against crop failure due to abnormal weather conditions.

Question 35

Advantages of Mixed cropping

Answer 35

The crop yield increases.
The pest infestation is minimized.
Reduction in the risk of crop failure.
The soil is utilized properly.
More than one variety of crops can be harvested at the same time.

Question 36

Multiple Cropping

Answer 36

Growing two or more than two crops on the same piece of land per year

Question 37

Intercropping

Answer 37

the practice of growing more than one crop on the same field at the same time in a definite row pattern. After one row of the main crop, three rows of intercrops can be grown. This increases productivity per unit area.

Question 38

Sequential cropping

Answer 38

Growing two or more than two crops in sequence on the same length per year.

Question 39

Double cropping

Answer 39

planting several crops in the same area and in the same crop year so that the same land is used to generate more than one crop per year.

Question 40

Triple cropping

Answer 40

planting several crops in the same area and in the same crop year so that the same land is used to generate more than one crop per year.

Question 41

Quadruple cropping

Answer 41

multiple cropping method in which four crops are produced consecutively on the same piece of land over the course of a year. For instance, Ground nut-Coriander Soybean-Methi-Wheat-Green gram,

Question 42

Crop rotation

Answer 42

Crop rotation is the practice of growing a series of different types of crops in the same area across a sequence of growing seasons. It reduces reliance on one set of nutrients, pest and weed pressure, and the probability of developing resistant pests and weeds.

Question 43

Ratooning

Answer 43

Ratooning is done in case of few crops like sugarcane. It is a technique in which during harvesting bottom bits are left uncut to produce its ratoon or stubble crop. The main benefit is that the crop matures much earlier and the other advantage is that it saves cost of preparing soil and planting.

Question 44

What is crop nutrition?

Answer 44

A process by which plants take in and utilize food substances.