mid east

Question 1

Martial law

Answer 1

Shah declared martial law when conservatives and liberals began violently protesting against the government

Question 2

Ayatollah Khomeini

Answer 2

A Muslim leader who did NOT like the westernized reforms from the Shah
Supported by those who thought that the westernization and modernization was ruining their culture and religion

Question 3

Exile

Answer 3

Being sent away
Ayatollah Khomeini was exiled as he was seen as a threat to the Shah before the Shah was not in power any longer and chaos was occurring

Question 4

Jimmy Carter

Answer 4

American President
Attempted to lead a rescue mission to save American hostages in Iran
His attempt failed, and only further strained the US’ relations with Iran

Question 5

PLO

Answer 5

Palestinian Liberation Organization
Fought for the right for Palestinians to be able to live in Israel

Question 6

Camp David Accords

Answer 6

Peace accords signed between Egypt and Israel
Egypt offers to recognize Israel
Israel returns the Sinai Peninsula in exchange

Question 7

Intifada

Answer 7

Means “rebellion”
PLO declared two Intifadas because of tensions with Israel as the PLO wanted to make a Palestinian state

Question 8

Anwar Sadat

Answer 8

Egyptian President
Offered to officially recognize Israel in return for the Sinai Peninsula that Israel had taken
Done at the Camp David Accords

Question 9

Balfour Declaration

Answer 9

British claim their intentions of creating a Jewish state in Palestine

Question 10

Sykes-Picot Agreement

Answer 10

Signed by the French and the British
Divided up Mandates for the two countries in the Middle East

Question 11

Suez Canal

Answer 11

The canal that the British were interested in protecting their interests in

Question 12

1967 (Six Day) War

Answer 12

Israeli troops attack and get parts of Arab land

Question 13

Yom Kippur War

Answer 13

Egypt tries to surprise attack Israel on Yom Kippur, one of the holiest Jewish holidays
Arabs were able to gain some territory in the beginning, but were then driven out by Israeli groups

Question 14

Gaza Strip

Answer 14

One of the only remaining Palestinieans lands

Question 15

Tanzimat period

Answer 15

The period that marked the Ottoman Empire’s modernization
Christians got better privileges and became more advanced than the Muslims, who would grow to resent this heavily

Question 16

Young Turks

Answer 16

They led a nationalist movement
They wanted change in the Ottoman Empire and more Turkish pride

Question 17

Republic of Turkey

Answer 17

Was established after the Turkish War of Independence

Question 18

Turkish War of Independence

Answer 18

Pushed foreign troops out of the Anatolian peninsula & Constantinople

Question 19

Fez

Answer 19

Traditional Ottoman hat
Typically worn by businessmen

Question 20

Mustafa Kemal

Answer 20

Seen as a hero of WWI for leading resistance against Greece’s advance in Turkey
Introduced surnames, wanted a non-religious, modern state
Claimed himself the ‘Father of the Turks’ in his name Ataturk

Question 21

Zionists

Answer 21

People who want to establish a Jewish homeland

Question 22

Hijab

Answer 22

Muslim women headwear
Was forbidden by the Shah Muhammad Reza Pahlavi’s father
Forbidden in an attempt to modernize and westernize