Mid 1 Flashcards
define personality and state its determinants and traits
Relatively stable patterns of
thoughts, feelings, and behaviors
● Personality Determinants
nature vs. nurture?
● Personality Traits
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
Big Five Model
what are the traits of the big 5 model
Extraversion
● Agreeableness
● Conscientiousness
● Emotional Stability
● Openness to Experience
what are the additional personality traits studied in their course
self monitoring- ability to adapt to different situations
Type A vs B- Type A gets things done quick in high quantity while B takes things slow low quantity
The dark Triad-
Narcisim
Psychopathy
Machiavellianism
What is motivation
● The intensity, direction, and
persistence of effort a person shows
in reaching a goal
● Intrinsic- value you perceive in doing a task vs. Extrinsic- paid, recognized eg buying a home
What is Taylor’s and mcGregor’s view on humans
● Theory X- Taylor
–The assumption that employees dislike work, are lazy, dislike responsibility, and must be coerced to perform.
● Theory Y- McGregor
–The assumption that employees like work, are creative, seek responsibility, and can exercise self-direction.
We are both
Explain needs theory of motivation
● Individuals have needs that, when
unsatisfied, will result in motivation
● Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
● Herzberg’s hygiene factors
● McClelland’s theory of needs
What is maslows hierarchy of needs and what is wrong with it
Physcological
Safety
Belonging
Self esteem
Self actualisation
What’s wrong: People have different needs and are working on multiple at once. Furthermore we cant test his theories
Explain Herzberg’s satifiers and disatifiers
Hygiène are things we want but dont really motivate us
Motivators are things That do motivate us
Hygiene: company policy and administration, supervision, relationship with boss, work conditions, salary, relationship with peers, personal life, relationship with subordinates, status and security
Motivation: Acheivement, recognition, work itself responsibility, advancement and growth
What are process theories and what are the 4 main ones
Process theories describe how individuals make decisions about behaviors.
Expectancy theory
Goal setting theory
Equity theory
Reinforcement theory
What is expectancy theory
The idea that individual effort leads to performance which leads to organizational rewards which leads to personal goals
Effort- performance relationship (expectancy)
Performance- reward relationship (instrumentality)
Rewards- personal gaols relationship (valence)
Motivation= expectancy X instrumentality X Valence
What is goal setting theory
Specific and challenging goals,
when accepted, produce a higher
level of output than does the
generalized goal of “do your best.”
Smart goals- specific, measurable, attainable, realistic and timely
Sense of achievement
High self esteem makes you less afraid of failure which makes you set higher and better goals
What is equity theory and what are some responses to inequity
Individuals compare their job
inputs and outcomes with those of
others and then respond so as to
eliminate any inequities.- motivated to resolve things that are unfair
● Referent selection choices:
Self-inside
Self-outside
Other-inside
Other-outside
Responses
●Change Inputs
●Change Outcomes
●Adjust Perceptions of Self
●Adjust Perceptions of Others
●Choose a Different Referent
●Quit
See chapt 4 slide 14 for table
What is reinforcement theory
● Behaviour is a function of itsconsequences
● Operant Conditioning (Skinner)
–Behaviour is influenced by the reinforcement or lack of reinforcement brought about by the consequences of the behaviour.
What are methods of shaping behaviour
Positive reinforcement- come in early get breakfast (strengthen behaviour)
Negative reinforcement- beeping when seatbelt is off (strengthen behaviour)
Punishment- get rid of behaviour you dont want (weaken behaviour)
Extinction remove reward (weaken behaviour)
Contracdictions in reward examples
We hope for: • Teamwork and collaboration • Innovative thinking and risk taking • Development of people skills • Employee involvement and empowerment • High achievement • Long-term growth • Commitment to total quality • Candor
But we reward: • The best team members• Proven methods and no mistakes• Technical achievements and accomplishments • Tight control over operations, resources • Another year’s efforts • Quarterly earnings • Shipment on schedule, even with defects • Reporting good news
