Micturition Disorders

Question 1

how should micturition disorders be divided?

Answer 1

1. disorders of voiding:
   -urine retention
   -increased post-void residual volume (above 3ml/kg)
2. disorders of storage:
   -small urinary bladder post voiding
   -decreased post-void residual volume

both can be either mechanical or functional

Question 2

describe treatment of urethroliths

Answer 2

1. avoid urethral surgery if at all possible!!
2. try retropulsion:
   -dissolve stone, laser lithotripsy, PCCL, cystotomy
3. male cats like to form urethral plugs: more matrix than mineral; treat the same usually
   -but urethra is S shaped in cats, need to straighten out when passing a catheter! do NOT assume just bc catheter won’t advance that you are up against the obstruction but straighten out and keep trying (pull caudally and towards table if in dorsal recumbency)

Question 3

describe sympatholytics

Answer 3

1. use to relax urethra!!
2. alpha adrenergic antagonists
   -prazosin most commonly used, also phenoxybenzamine, tamsulosin, and acepromazine
3. skeletal muscle relaxants
   -dantrolene
   -diazepam: does not actually relax urethra, just causes them to relax overall
   -alprazolam
4. mechanical:
   -clean intermittent catheterization
   -urethral stents
   -chronic catheters
   -diversion
   -low profile cystostomy tube

Question 4

describe parasympathomimetics

Answer 4

1. causes bladder to contract
2. bethanechol most common: cholinergic
   -or metaclopramide
3. or manual expression