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Microscopic Flashcards

1
Q

SOURCES OF FORMED ELEMENTS

A

● Blood
● Kidneys
● Lower genitourinary tract
● External Contamination

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2
Q

COMPONENTS OF FORMED ELEMENTS

A

COMPONENTS
● Red Blood Cells
● White Blood Cells
● Epithelial Cells
● Casts
● Bacteria
● Yeast
● Parasites
● Mucus
● Spermatozoa
● Urine Crystals
● Urine Artifacts

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3
Q

significance of the color test in macroscopic urine screening?

A

bloof

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4
Q

Screening test used to hematuria versus hemoglobinuria and confirm pathologic or non pathologic cause of turbidity

A

clarity

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5
Q

what is indicated by the presence of blood in urine screening?

A

Presence of RBCs or RBC casts.

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6
Q

What does protein in urine screening correlate with microscopically?

A

Presence of casts or cells.

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7
Q

What does a positive nitrite test suggest in urine screening?

A

Presence of bacteria or WBCs.

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8
Q

What is the significance of leukocyte esterase in urine screening?

A

Indicates the presence of WBCs, WBC casts, or bacteria.

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9
Q

What does the presence of glucose in urine indicate microscopically?

A

yeast

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10
Q

To ensure accuracy, specimens should be examined at what state?

A

Fresh or adequately preserved

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11
Q

What disintegrates quickly in dilute alkaline urine?

A

RBCs, WBCs, Hyaline casts

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12
Q

What effect does refrigeration have on urine specimens?

A

Precipitates amorphous urates and phosphates

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13
Q

How can you dissolve some crystals before centrifugation?

A

Warm to 37°C

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14
Q

What can random dilute specimens lead to?

A

False-negative results

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15
Q

What should be done before decanting into a centrifuge tube?

A

Thoroughly mix the specimen

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16
Q

Standard volume

A

10-15 mL of urine

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17
Q

Volume used to easily immersed the multiparameter reagent strip and is used to calibrate capped centrifugation tubes

A

12 mL volume

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18
Q

What should be noted if a 12 mL specimen is not obtainable?

A

Actual volume used should be noted on report

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19
Q

Recommended centrifugation

A

5 minutes at 400 RCF

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20
Q

What measurement is used to correct for differences in centrifuge heads?

A

RCF (Relative Centrifugal Force) rather than RPM

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21
Q

How can RPM be converted to RCF?

A

RCF = 1.118 × 10^-5 × radius (cm) × RPM²

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22
Q

How often should calibration be performed?

A

Routinely performed

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23
Q

What is the post-decantation volume for sediment preparation?

24
Q

What does the sediment concentration factor relate to?

A

Detecting elements in low quantities

25
Why RCF and not RPM?
produces an optimum amount of sediment with the least chance of damaging the elements
26
How should urine be handled to maintain a uniform sediment concentration?
aspirated off, NOT poured
27
What is essential for ensuring equal distribution of sediment elements?
Gently resuspend the sediment.
28
What should be avoided to prevent damaging cellular elements during sediment preparation?
Vigorous agitation
29
What is the recommended volume of specimen examined under a cover slip?
20 µL (0.02 mL) under a 22x22 mm glass coverslip
30
What should be avoided to prevent loss of heavier elements like casts?
avoid allowing the specimen to flow outside the cover slip
31
Function: Designed for quick decantation. Retention: Consistently retains 0.4 mL of urine sediment after centrifugation
UriSystem
32
urisystem is designed for _____; and retains how much sediment
quick decantation ; consistently retains 0.4 mL
33
Function: Utilizes a specialized pipette for urine decanting. Retention: Snugly fits the tube's diameter and shape to retain 1 mL of urine during decanting.
KOVA System
34
KOVA system uses a _____ that snuggly fits the diameter and
specially designed pipette
35
In KOVA system, what is the volume of the urine retained?
1 mL of urine
36
Function: Offers versatility in sediment resuspension options. Retention: Can retain 0.8 mL for sediment resuspension.
Count-10 system
37
Count 10 system offers can retain ___ for sediment resuspension
0.8 mL
38
Function: Isolates urine sediment for microscopic examination. Retention: Uses a tube and pipette to isolate 1 mL of urine sediment.
Quick-Prep Urinalysis System
39
in quick prep urinalysis system, it isolated sediment for what purpose?
microscopic examination
40
quick prep urinalysis system, uses a ______ to isolate ____ of urine sediment.
tube and pipette ; 1 mL
41
Function: Designed for direct reading of urine sediment. Design: Provides a tube for efficient sediment analysis.
CenSlide 2000 Urinalysis System
42
CenSlide 2000 Urinalysis System is designed for ________ of urine sediments
direct reading
43
Function: Incorporates a glass flow cell for examination. Process: Pumps urine sediment for microscopic examination, then flushes from the system.
RS Urine Sediment Workstation
44
RS Urine Sediment Workstation, Incorporates a ____ for examination.
glass flow cell
45
RS URINE SEDIMENT WORKSTATION pumps urine sediment for ____
microscopic examination
46
What types of tubes do the systems provide?
Capped, calibrated centrifuge tubes
47
What is the purpose of decanting pipettes in these systems?
to control sediment volume
48
functions of the slides used in the systems?
- Control the amount of sediment examined - Produce a consistent monolayer of sediment - Provide calibrated grids for consistent quantitation
49
system that does not require manual loading
CenSlide and RS Urine Sediment Workstations
50
considered closed systems that minimize the exposure to the pathogens
CenSlide and RS Urine Sediment Workstations
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AUBF (1 decks)

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