Microscopes

Question 1

Equation for Magnifictation

Answer 1

Magnification=image size/actual size

Question 2

Equation for Image Size

Answer 2

Image size=actual size x magnification

Question 3

What is in a plant cell?

Answer 3

Nucleus, cell wall, cytoplasm, cell membrane, chloroplasts, vacuole, mitochondria

Question 4

What is in an animal cell?

Answer 4

Cell membrane, nucleus, mitochondria, cytoplasm

Question 5

Nucleus (both)

Answer 5

Contains DNA, controls cell activities

Question 6

Cytoplasm (both)

Answer 6

Where chemical reactions take place

Question 7

Cell membrane (both)

Answer 7

Controls what enters and leaves the cell

Question 8

Mitochondria (both)

Answer 8

Where respiration takes place, to release energy

Question 9

Cell wall (plant)

Answer 9

Gives shape and support, made of cellulose

Question 10

Chloroplasts (plant)

Answer 10

Contains chlorophyll, for absorbing sunlight for photosynthesis

Question 11

Vacuole (plant)

Answer 11

Contains cell sap (store of water and minerals), keeps cell rigid

Question 12

Sperm cell adaptions and functions

Answer 12

Adaptions:
a long flagellum (tail) which whips from side to side, allowing the sperm to move
The small cytoplasm makes the head streamlined to reduced drag when moving
Acrosome contains digestive enzymes to break down the outer layer of the egg
Large nucleus contains genetic information.
Functions:
To carry the father’s DNA to fertilise the egg

Question 13

Red blood cell adaptions and functions

Answer 13

Adaptions:
\biconcave shape gives a larger surface area to volume ratio to increase diffusion of oxygen in and out of cell
Haemoglobin (red pigment) binds to oxygen to form oxy-haemoglobin so oxygen can be transported. In tissues, this reaction is reversed so oxygen is released. No nucleus to make more space for haemoglobin.
Function:
To carry oxygen around the body

Question 14

Whit blood cell adaptions and functions

Answer 14

Adaptions:
There are two types of white blood cell
Lymphocytes make and release antibodies which can destroy pathogens. They can also make antibodies against any toxins made by pathogens
Phagocytes engulf and digest pathogens
Function:
To defend the body against pathogens

Question 15

Nerve cell adaptions and functions

Answer 15

Adaptions:
Lots of dendrites to make connections with other cells
A long axon to carry electrical signal over large distances
Nerve endings pass chemical signals to other nerve cells. They have lots of mitochondria to provide energy to make chemical transmitters
Function:
To carry electrical signals around the body

Question 16

Muscle cell adaptions and functions

Answer 16

Adaptions:
Proteins that slide over each other to make the fibres contract
Lots of mitochondria to provide energy needed for the chemical reactions that make the cells contract and release
Store glycogen, a chemical that can be broken down and then used in respiration by the mitochondria
Function:
To contract and relax. Striated muscles bring about movement. smooth muscles squeeze food through the gut.

Question 17

Root hair cell adaptions and functions

Answer 17

Adaptions:
Hair increases the surface area for movement of water and minerals into the cell
Thin cell wall so there is less distance for substances to move over.
Lots of mitochondria to provide energy needed for active transport of mineral ions
Function:
To absorb water and minerals from soil

Question 18

Palisade cell adaptions and functions

Answer 18

Adaptions:
Tall and thin so lots can be packed into a leaf and it gives a large surface area for absorbing light
Lots of chloroplasts, filled with chlorophyll for absorbing light energy and carrying out photosynthesis
Function:
To absorb light energy and carry out photosynthesis

Question 19

Cell

Answer 19

Building blocks of living organisms

Question 20

Tissue

Answer 20

A group of specialised cells working together

Question 21

Organ

Answer 21

A group of different tissues working together

Question 22

Organ system

Answer 22

A group of different organs working together

Question 23

5 things that would diffuse in and out of cells

Answer 23

Oxygen, glucose, carbon dioxide, water, urea, hormones